Changes In Body Composition Parameters Research Articles

A Study on Impact of Receiving Training on Football and Sprinting on Body Composition and Physical Fitness Status of Adolescent Males

Physical characteristics and body composition have been known to be fundamental to excellence in athletic performance. Specific athletic events require different body types and weights for maximal performance. Therefore determination of body constitution and fitness status of an athlete is very important for producing maximal performance. With growth of children and adolescents there is a change in body composition parameters and the gender difference becomes more pronounced. Soccer playing and sprinting are the popular playing events. Both of them require fast body movements and therefore receiving training on these games may have some impact on body constitution and eventually on fitness status. A study was undertaken, in this backdrop, on randomly selected male adolescents of age range 12-18 years, receiving training in football (n1 = 36) and in sprinting (n2 = 32), the inclusion criterion being that the volunteers for the study should be receiving training for at least a period of 3 years with no chronic disease history. It has been observed that male adolescent individuals receiving similar pattern of training in football and sprinting did not vary significantly in terms of body composition but those being trained in football having better fitness status, compared to their sprinter counterparts.

Evaluation of body composition parameters in patients with psoriasis.

Body composition parameters, such as weight, body mass index (BMI), and visceral fat rating, have been found to be associated with psoriasis. However, the associations of these parameters with psoriasis have not been demonstrated clearly. This study aimed to evaluate body composition parameters in patients with psoriasis. The relationships between the various body composition parameters and psoriasis were retrospectively examined in 242 patients with plaque psoriasis (119 women, 123 men) over a 2-year period during 2010-2012. In addition, the correlations between body composition parameters and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score were evaluated in treated and untreated patients with psoriasis. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not they had received systemic therapy within the previous three months. Body composition values were measured using the Tanita SC-330 Body Composition Analyzer(®). Statistically significant differences were recorded in terms of weight (kg), body fat percentage, fat mass (kg), total body water (TBW) percentage, metabolic age, visceral fat rating, BMI, and degree of obesity among treated and untreated patients and control subjects. Differences in fat-free mass (FFM) (kg), muscle mass (kg), TBW (kg), and bone mass (kg) were found to be close to the limit for significance. The treated and untreated groups showed no significant differences in any of the parameters evaluated. The correlations between PASI score and the various parameters provided some evidence for such relationships. The present study provides evidence of a relationship between some body composition parameters and the occurrence of psoriasis. We suggest that body composition parameters should be analyzed not only in obese psoriasis patients but in all psoriasis patients upon their first diagnosis. Systemic therapy does not appear to cause any changes in body composition parameters.

Changes in body composition secondary to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer are related to the occurrence of postoperative complications after esophagectomy.

Although a survival benefit of neoadjuvant treatment for patients with esophageal cancer has been highlighted, the influence of neoadjuvant treatment on the nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer is not well understood. Changes in body composition parameters were assessed in 30 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) comprising docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil followed by esophagectomy from August 2009 to April 2013. Body composition was evaluated before and after NAC using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 720; Biospace, Tokyo, Japan). Postoperative complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Twenty-three postoperative events occurred in 16 patients. A decrease in body protein was observed in 13 patients (43.3 %), while skeletal muscle (SM), body cell mass (BCM), and fat-free mass (FFM) declined in 11 patients (36.7 %) during NAC. Changes in these four parameters during chemotherapy significantly differed between patients with postoperative complications and those without: protein, -1.6±0.9 versus +4.4±2.1kg (P=0.01); SM, -1.3±1.1 versus +4.7±2.4kg (P=0.02); BCM, -2.4±1.6 versus +3.8±2.2kg (P=0.03); and FFM, -1.4±1.4 versus +4.3±2.3kg (P=0.04). Changes in body composition parameters are possible predictive markers of postoperative complications after esophagectomy after NAC. Further analysis is needed to clarify whether nutritional intervention improves such parameters and thus contributes to reduced postoperative morbidity.

Challenges for Preventing the Metabolic Syndrome in Kidney Transplant Recipients, Initial Report: Survey of the Current State of Affairs Before Acting

ObjectiveTo prevent the metabolic syndrome preventive in kidney transplant recipients, we measured changes in body composition parameters using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and measuring renal function, blood tests, quality of life, and consciousness of life improvement. The usefulness of BIA was investigated. Subjects and methodsOut of all kidney transplant recipients being treated at an outpatient clinic, 20 (13 males and 7 females) gained ≥5 kg after transplantation. We investigated changes after 6 months of physical activity versus initiation. ResultsAfter the initiation of body composition parameters using BIA, consciousness of life improvement changed, and measured body composition values and blood data did not worsen. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures tended to decrease after initiation. ConclusionsDetailed visualization of body composition in addition to the body weight and body mass index, as well as guidance based on the results promoted changes in consciousness, enhanced self-efficacy, and increased motivation for the prevention of the metabolic syndrome, suggesting that BIA is a useful tool in the management of weight gain after kidney transplantation.

Longitudinal Follow-Up of Biochemical Markers of Fatigue Throughout a Sporting Season in Young Elite Rugby Players

The aims of this study were to evaluate links between biochemical markers and competition and training conditions, overtraining questionnaire scores, and anthropometric characteristics of young elite rugby players and to identify evolving profiles of fatigue during the sports season. Twelve elite rugby players were included in the study. The tests were carried out every 15 days over the course of one sporting season from July until March, including the interseason. Changes in body composition parameters, blood biochemistry, and scores on various questionnaires were examined. The majority of the biochemical parameters and subjective variables showed significant variations over time. There were significant positive correlations between overtraining scores and alanine amino transferase (ALAT; r = 0.24, p < 0.05) and creatine phosphokinase (CK; r = 0.3, p < 0.01) levels. In addition, game time was significantly correlated with changes in CK (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), whereas difficult training sessions were significantly correlated with changes in both CK (r = 0.27, p < 0.05) and ALAT (r = 0.33, p < 0.01). We suggest that regular monitoring of these biochemical parameters may provide important information for the coach on the fatigue of rugby players and their perceived difficulty of training.

Cortisol levels and measures of body composition in middle‐aged and older men

Similarities in the symptomatic expressions of excess adiposity and hypercortisolaemic conditions suggest that elevated glucocorticoid exposure may influence the pathogenesis of obesity. Circulating cortisol levels are not typically elevated in obese subjects, but data from large prospective samples are rare. We undertook an analysis to determine both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between body composition and serum cortisol concentrations in a randomly chosen group of 999 community-dwelling men, aged 40-79 years. Data were obtained from the two follow-up waves of the Massachusetts Male Ageing Study (T2: 1995-97; T3: 2002-04). Partial correlation and multivariate regression analyses were used to estimate cross-sectional (T2) and longitudinal associations between serum cortisol concentrations and a range of measures of subjects' body composition, including weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip girth ratio (WHR), and percentage body fat (measured by bioelectrical impedance at T3); similar analyses were conducted to assess the association between change (T2 to T3) in serum cortisol and simultaneous change in body composition parameters. We observed weak negative associations between cortisol concentrations and all body composition parameters, with the exception of percentage body fat. Longitudinal results demonstrated similar relationships but associations were of lesser magnitude. T2 cortisol concentrations were not associated with change in body composition over time, whereas T2 body size was positively associated with longitudinal changes in cortisol concentrations, providing limited evidence that weight change drives changes in cortisol concentrations, rather than vice versa. Results were unchanged when age and other covariate effects were controlled. Circulating cortisol concentrations are somewhat lower in obese than in nonobese community-dwelling men. There is some evidence that excess adiposity presages increases in cortisol concentrations, rather than the reverse. However, this observation should be greeted with caution, as age-related weight loss - and not gain - was associated with simultaneous increases in serum cortisol concentrations.

Effects of exercise on the physical condition of college rugby players during summer training camp

Objectives: To determine the effects of exercise training on physical condition in 25 college rugby players during a summer training camp, and to compare these variables by the different players’...

Changes in adiposity and excess body weight correlate with growth responses but not with decreases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels during GH treatment in GH-deficient children.

GH has profound effects on body composition and lipid metabolism in children as well as in adults. The relationship between such metabolic effects and the growth-promoting effects of GH has not been studied thoroughly in children with GH deficiency. This prospective study was designed to determine the relationship between growth and lipid metabolism during long-term GH treatment. Twenty-two boys with idiopathic GH deficiency were studied. Height, per cent overweight (%OW), per cent body fat (%BF) and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were determined every 6 months during 3 years of GH treatment. After 3 years of GH treatment, the mean height SD score had increased significantly from -2.70 SD to -1.59 SD (P < 0.0001), while the mean %OW and LDL cholesterol level had decreased significantly from 7.0% to 1.3% (P < 0.0001) and from 2.69 mmol/l to 2.04 mmol/l (P < 0.0001), respectively. The mean %BF fell significantly from 15.5% to 11.1% during the first 6 months of GH treatment (P < 0.0001). The 6-month reduction in %BF correlated significantly with the 3-year increase in height SD score (r = -0.58, P = 0.008). The decrease in %OW also correlated negatively with the change in height SD score (r = -0.48, P = 0.03). However, there was no correlation between the changes in LDL cholesterol levels and those in %BF, %OW or height SD score. We conclude that the growth-promoting effects of GH correlate significantly with the reductions in %BF and %OW but not with the decrease in LDL cholesterol level in children with GH deficiency. The changes in LDL cholesterol did not correlate with any of the changes in body composition parameters, suggesting that the various actions of GH may have different mechanisms of regulation.

Glucocorticoid Blockade Does Not Abrogate Tumor-Induced Cachexia

Cancer-induced cachexia is a common manifestation observed in patients with malignancies. Elevated levels of circulating glucocorticoids and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been observed in cancer patients with cachexia and are implicated as major mediators in this process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of circulating glucocorticoid levels as primary mediators in cancer-induced cachexia. We evaluated whether inhibition of glucocorticoids with the receptor antagonist RU-486 could abrogate the detrimental wasting of muscle and adipose tissues seen in a well-characterized murine tumor-induced cachexia model. Mice (12/group) were randomized to control, tumor-bearing, control + vehicle, or tumor-bearing + glucocorticoid receptor antagonist groups. Circulating serum glucocorticoid and IL-6 levels were measured in addition to multiple body composition parameters, such as total body weight, lean body mass, and adipose content. The results of this study indicate a significant physiological alteration in the tumor-bearing host that causes severe and detrimental changes in body composition parameters. Regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between increased circulating glucocorticoid levels and alterations in body composition parameters. These observed defects were not abrogated with the administration of a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. We therefore conclude that the untoward effects of tumor-induced cachexia are not mediated primarily by the peripheral effects of high circulating glucocorticoid levels but may involve a complex interaction with IL-6.

The effect of monophasic and triphasic oral contraceptives containing gestodene and desogestrel on body weight and composition

This study compared the effects on body weight and body composition of contraceptive preparations containing monophasic gestodene, triphasic gestodene and monophasic desogestrel. The randomized study was open-label and consisted of three parallel groups of 150 women over 13 cycles. This interim analysis involved a total of 227 women aged 18-34 years over six cycles. The study parameters determined were body weight, waist-to-hip girth ratio, skinfold thickness measurements and bioelec-trical impedance determinations. Body weight was constant throughout the study in all treatment groups and mean changes from baseline were statistically insignificant between treatment groups. Apart from a small but significant decrease of 0.012 (95% CI 0.001-0.024) in waist-to-hip girth ratio in the monophasic gestodene group and a slight increase of 2.0 mm (95% CI 0.9-3.2) in right triceps skinfold thickness in the triphasic gestodene group, only minor changes from baseline were recorded. From these interim data, there was no evidence that the use of any of the low-dose preparations was associated with significant clinical changes in body composition parameters.

Effects of Different Modes of Strength Training on Body Composition and Anthropometry

This article deals with the effects of conventional strength training and circuit resistance training on changes in body composition parameters. Recent data are provided on the technique of arm radiography to quantify changes in arm muscle and fat following strength development with hydraulic resistance exercise equipment.