Changes In Pressure Research Articles

An integrated dynamic modeling workflow for acid gas and CO2 geologic storage screening in saline aquifers with faults: A case study in Western Canada

This study investigates the feasibility of storing the acid gas produced from the oil and gas facilities in Southern Saskatchewan into the Basal Sand aquifer using a coupled wellbore-aquifer-compositional reservoir model. The simulations investigate the pressure change around the fault in proximity of the primary storage location incorporating the influence of reservoir permeability, fault transmissibility, and wellbore configuration, on the factors critical to safe and efficient storage, such as plume migration, pressure changes, and CO2 storage capacity. A compositional fluid model created using an equation of state was integrated into the reservoir model. Simultaneous incorporation of fault transmissibility, phase solubility, water salinity, temporal in-situ hysteresis and structural trapping, and in-situ compositional tracking of individual gas components is considered as the main novelty of this work. The main challenge of the study was the lack of available data to characterize the aquifer. To this end, a comprehensive workflow of reservoir studies and modeling was applied to reduce the uncertainties and evaluate the site selection. The Basal sand scoping models reveal that the aquifer is expected to handle the required disposal volume given its extent. The injected acid gas plume migrates laterally and preferentially towards the northwest, away from the fault, owing to the aquifer's geological structure. CO2 remains entirely in the supercritical state, offering storage advantages due to its lower volume. The reservoir permeability significantly impacts the pressure patterns with lower permeability formations triggering higher wellhead injection pressures. Substantial pressure increases around the sealing fault can be observed. Pressure changes of 110 kPa (16 psi) to over 400 kPa (58 psi) were observed at the fault segment after 20 years of continuous gas injection for the expected range of reservoir properties. Mitigation strategies to minimize the increase in fault pressure entail relocating the injection site away from the fault or utilizing a horizontal well trajectory and using an observation well near the fault for monitoring any pressure buildup and slippage.

Atrial refractoriness early after transcatheter aortic valve implantation TAVI in patients with severe aortic stenosis and sinus rhythm.

Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a common valvular heart disease, especially in the elderly, and is associated with a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation. Although the risk of atrial fibrillation is expected to decrease after the intervention, atrial fibrillation develops in many patients undergoing surgical or percutaneous transaortic valve implantation. We aimed to evaluate atrial refractoriness since it may play a key role in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation after transaortic valve implantation. Seventy-nine consecutive patients who underwent TAVI between October 2021 and May 2023 were enrolled in this trial. Sixty-seven patients underwent electrophysiology study before and after TAVI. We evaluated the changes in PA and AH intervals, as well as atrial effective refractory periods. Besides the hemodynamic changes, atrial effective refractory periods increased, and atrial effective refractory period dispersion (39.8±21.6 vs. 31.1±18.0) decreased significantly after TAVI. The change in atrial effective refractory period dispersion after TAVI was correlated only with the changes in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r=0.77, P=0.001) and the changes in aortic gradient (r=0.4, P=0.001). The independent variables affecting the changes in atrial effective refractory period dispersion were basal pro-BNP levels, besides the changes in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and aortic gradient after transaortic valve implantation. Our results show an acute improvement in atrial refractoriness after TAVI, though high atrial fibrillation rates are reported in the literature. The timing of aortic valve replacement is important, as irreversible maladaptive changes might have already developed by the time of intervention.

Effect Of Gravity-induced Intracranial Pressure Changes On Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation During Resistance Exercise

Effect Of Gravity-induced Intracranial Pressure Changes On Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation During Resistance Exercise

The physical information LSTM surrogate model for establishing a digital twin model of reciprocating air compressors

Reciprocating air compressors play a crucial role in industrial production processes. However, due to the complex structure and long operating time of reciprocating air compressors, real-time monitoring to grasp the operating status of reciprocating air compressors has become particularly important. Digital twin is a technology that can reflect the behavior of physical entities in real time, accurately predicting and evaluating the operation status of reciprocating air compressors. However, the establishment of a digital twin model for reciprocating air compressors requires a significant amount of computational resources, which can result in the inability to meet the requirements of real-time performance evaluation. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a method for constructing a digital twin model of reciprocating air compressors based on a surrogate model. The surrogate model is constructed based on a long short-term memory neural network with physical information(PILSTM). This model can accurately describe the changes in cylinder pressure by combining physical information. According to the characteristics of cylinder pressure changes, regularization formulas are added to ensure the smoothness of the predicted pressure. The experimental results show that the digital twin model based on the surrogate model has high prediction accuracy and real-time performance. Therefore, this model provides a new method for monitoring the operating status of reciprocating air compressors.

Schlieren Imaging of Air-coupled Ultrasound

Schlieren imaging uses changes in the refractive index of a medium to permit visualisation of pressure changes in the medium. Schlieren images have been used to observe turbulent convection flow off heat sources, shock waves from bullets, jets and rockets. For a while, in nondestrructive testing it was a popular option to see beam shapes associated with immersion ultrasonic probes as well as pulse-interactions in immersion test conditions. From the perspective of sound transmission, air can be considered another form of a fluid. Although schlieren imaging has been used to illustrate shockwaves in air, the challenge of imaging ultrasound sound in air is significant, primarily due to the extremely high attenuation. This article provides a description of the techniques used to image ultrasound in air using several air-coupled ultrasonic transducers.

Assessment of the influence of body fat indices on antihypertensive drug responses.

Less than 50% of patients treated for hypertension reach a target office systolic blood pressure (SBP). We aimed to evaluate the role of adiposity on antihypertensive drug responses in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Estimated glomerular filtration rates, body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness (SFT), body surface areas and waist circumferences of 150 hypertensive patients naïve to treatment were measured. Treatment protocols were started as combination of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) plus calcium channel blocker (CCB), angiotensin receptor blocker plus CCB or ACE-I plus diuretic. Pre-treatment and change in blood pressure (ΔBP) after 4weeks treatment were determined. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to find independent predictors of Δblood pressure changes, and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to find independent predictors of target SBP < 140 mmHg at 4weeks. A total of 104 patients reached the target systolic pressure of <140 mmHg at 4weeks. Triceps, mid-abdomen and subscapular SFT were significantly thicker in the uncontrolled blood pressure group (P = .011, P = .006 and P = .016, respectively). Pretreatment SBP (r = 0.644), pretreatment diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.188), subscapular SFT (r = -0.318), suprailiac SFT (r = -0.211) and ΔDBP (r = 0.433) were correlated with ΔSBP in correlation analysis. Pretreatment SBP (β = 0.644, 95% CI = 0.697-0.993, P < .001), subscapular SFT (β = -0.253, 95% CI = -0.886--0.329, P < .001), pretreatment DBP (β = -0.380, 95% CI = -0.1001- -0.453, P = .001) and ΔDBP (β = 0.401, 95% CI = 0.377-0.796, P < .001) were independent predictors of ΔSBP in multivariable linear regression analysis. Subscapular SFT was an independent predictor of target SBP < 140 mmHg in multivariable logistic regression analysis (OR = 0.895, 95% CI = 0.832-0.963, P = .003). Subscapular SFT may be a valuable marker for prediction of response to antihypertensive drugs.

Dynamic characteristics and prediction and control models of subsonic exhaust from a container

This study combines experimental measurements, numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis to investigate the subsonic discharge process in a container under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Experimental data captured the internal pressure dynamics during exhaust at the atmospheric environmental pressure. Numerical simulations using OpenFOAM validated the isothermal exhaust model against the experimental results. Under the assumption of ideal gas and isothermal processes, a nonlinear differential equation was derived to describe the evolution of the container's internal pressure. This equation was simplified for a specific range of pressure ratios, yielding analytical solutions for the internal pressure of the container under both constant and variable external pressures. The effectiveness of the expressions of pressure inside the container was verified by comparing them with experimental and numerical simulation data. We further developed a formula for predicting exhaust mass flow rate, with a prediction error within 9%. An improved formula was subsequently proposed to reduce the error to below 0.4%, enhancing prediction accuracy. For containers with variable external pressure, a method for controlling the exhaust mass flow rate by predicting external pressure changes was proposed, demonstrating its effectiveness in achieving precise control.

Multi-region coupling computational fluid dynamics simulation of the underground compressed air energy storage process

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) in underground spaces is a common method for addressing the instability of renewable energy generation. As the construction and testing of CAES systems are often of high cost, the numerical simulation which offers a more efficient and low-cost research method can provide a better alternative to research the process. In this study, a numerical simulation model has been developed to describe the air movement within the CAES process. Specifically, the study focuses on two different types of motion: air compressible flow within the cavern and air porous flow in the surrounding rock. Using OpenFOAM, a multi-region coupling solver has been developed to address the different governing equations for these two types of motion, and couples pressure, velocity, and temperature at the boundaries. The developed solver is used to simulate a field test of a CAES system. The numerical simulation results closely match the experimental data, verifying the reliability of the solver. Moreover, the solver can achieve multi-region flow simulations that are previously unattainable, resulting in more accurate simulations. Simulations have also been conducted to analyze various working conditions, including different rock permeability, porosity, and air injection mass rates. The results show that different conditions significantly affect air pressure, leakage rate, temperature, and flow field changes within the cavern. These simulation results and the underlying mechanisms have been analyzed to provide reference and technical support for site selection, construction, and operational strategies of CAES systems in underground spaces.

Morning tiredness and insomnia symptoms are associated with increased blood pressure in midlife women

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate how blood pressure, sleep architecture, sleep-disordered breathing, body habitus, and levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone are associated with symptoms of insomnia and sleep quality during menopausal transition. Methods64 healthy premenopausal women (aged 45–47 years) were recruited to the study. Data were collected at baseline and at 10-year follow-up during sleep laboratory and laboratory visits. A sleep questionnaire was used to evaluate sleep quality and insomnia symptoms. Data were analysed using multiple linear and logistic regression with a backward method. ResultsDuring the menopausal transition, a change in insomnia symptoms was associated with a change in morning systolic blood pressure (β = 0.114 (CI95% 0.023–0.205), p = 0.016). At follow-up, at the age of 56, a higher percentage of REM sleep was associated with a lower odds of restless sleep (OR = 0.842 (95 % CI 0.742–0.954), p = 0.007), while both higher systolic and diastolic evening blood pressure was associated with an increased odds of morning tiredness.OR = 1.047 (95 % CI 1.003–1.092), p = 0.034 and OR = 1.126 (95 % CI 1.018–1.245), p = 0.007, respectively. ConclusionsIn healthy midlife women, a change blood pressure is related to the development of insomnia symptoms during menopausal transition. In postmenopausal women, a high evening blood pressure may be associated with morning tiredness and a reduced amount of REM sleep may be perceived as restless sleep.

Aerobic exercise effects on systolic blood pressure and endothelial inflammation in obese and non-obese elderly women with isolated systolic hypertension.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 16-week aerobic exercise program on systolic blood pressure, intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein of obese and nonobese elderly women with isolated systolic hypertension. Elderly women aged 70-85 years were recruited and grouped into the normal isolated systolic hypertension ( n = 12) and obese isolated systolic hypertension groups ( n = 13). The participants followed an aerobic exercise program, using a wireless heart rate monitor to maintain an appropriate heart rate reserve based on the American College of Sports Medicine exercise guidelines. The two-way repeated measures analysis of variance tested group × time interaction. Pearson's correlation and simple regression assessed the influence of each variable, which showed significant differences. An interaction effect for systolic blood pressure, intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( P < 0.05) and a main time effect for oxidized low-density lipoprotein ( P < 0.05) were observed. A correlation between the rates of change in systolic blood pressure and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( P < 0.05) with a 42.8% influence ( P < 0.001) and in intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( P < 0.05) with a 21.6% influence ( P < 0.05) was observed. These findings collectively showed that the 16-week aerobic exercise program effectively lowered blood pressure in patients with isolated systolic hypertension, particularly in the normal group compared to the obese group. Thus, regular aerobic exercise for 16 weeks or more enhances vascular health, potentially improving the healthy life expectancy of elderly women.

Recent Patents for Optical Component Polishing Technology

Background: Fluid jet polishing, Airbag polishing, Magnetorheological polishing, and Ion beam polishing are all emerging polishing technologies commonly used for processing optical components, which can be used to manufacture various high-precision and high-quality optical components. Their processing mechanisms are to remove materials by high-speed jet impacting the surface of the workpiece; using a spherical flexible airbag as a polishing tool to obtain a super-smooth surface by adding polishing fluid containing fine abrasives; controlling the magnetic field to form a flexible polishing belt of Magnetorheological fluid, which undergoes relative motion to achieve material removal; using a neutral ion beam to bombard the surface of the workpiece to remove workpiece surface atoms and obtain a super-smooth surface through energy and momentum transfer between ions and workpiece atoms. The characteristics and removal mechanisms of various polishing methods are briefly described, and the advantages and key issues that need to be addressed for each polishing technology are pointed out, and suggestions and prospects for future research, application, and development are also given. Objective: In order to meet the growing demand for high-precision optical components and mass-manufactured optical components, this paper aims to study the various polishing technologies that are continuously improved and suggestions are made for future research and development directions. Method: This paper reviews the current patents related to various polishing technologies, such as Fluid jet polishing, Airbag polishing, Magnetorheological polishing and Ion beam polishing and other representative polishing technologies. Results: Various types of polishing technologies have been studied, and the main problem at the current stage is the lack of accuracy. The problem of the polishing device, such as fluid jet polishing, only considers the change of fluid velocity and pressure to construct the removal function model for analysis and summary, and suggestions for the latest research progress of various polishing technologies are given. Conclusion: The improvement and optimization of polishing technology are beneficial to improving the polishing accuracy and quality of optical components and have great help for the future development of related patents.

Enhancing Oil Recovery in Eagle Ford Shale: A Multiscale Simulation Study of Surfactant Huff ’n’ Puff Methodology

In this paper, we present a simulation case study of a surfactant huff ’n’ puff pilot in the black oil window of the Eagle Ford (EF) Shale. The target horizontal well, which had been depleted for nearly 8 years, underwent stimulation via a surfactant huff ’n’ puff treatment. The surfactant was selected through laboratory screening using reservoir rock and fluid samples. After a 17-hour injection and a 1-month shut-in period, the well’s production increased fivefold from the baseline oil rate, sustaining incremental oil production for at least 2 years. The surfactant enhances oil recovery by altering rock wettability toward a more water-wet state and moderating oil/water interfacial tension (IFT). This process is modeled by surfactant adsorption in the simulator, indicating the degree of dynamic changes in relative permeability (krl) and capillary pressure (Pc) curves. We propose a comprehensive workflow comprising three stages: development of core-scale and field-scale models, sequential model calibrations, and multiobjective optimization to integrate laboratory measurements and field data from this pilot into multiscale numerical simulations. By matching oil recoveries from imbibition experiments on the core model and field production histories on the field model, krl and Pc profiles of two extreme states, basic reservoir properties, and additional reservoir properties altered during huff ’n’ puff operations are characterized. The matched core model reproduces a 15.1% incremental oil recovery for surfactant-assisted spontaneous imbibition (SASI) process relative to pure brine imbibition process. The matched reservoir model predicts the surfactant huff ’n’ puff treatment increases the oil production by 21.9% relative to water huff ’n’ puff treatment and by 52.9% relative to primary depletion for a 4-year period. The calibrated reservoir model also serves as a base case for optimizing well operation schedules through the implementation of a multiobjective genetic algorithm. The surfactant injection rate, injection time, and well shut-in time of the base case are varied to achieve higher oil production and reduced surfactant usage. Statistical analysis of eight trade-off cases indicates that optimal well operations, compared with existing practices, frequently involve increased injection rates [16.6–18.9 barrels per minute (bpm)], shorter injection periods (10–11.3 hours), and prolonged shut-indurations (49–65 days). This workflow offers valuable insights into surfactant huff ’n’ puff treatments for unconventional reservoirs, thereby facilitating the optimization of well operations and maximizing tertiary oil recovery.

Computational modeling of predicting cerebrovascular injury in traumatic brain injury patients

Despite significant progress in understanding traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent outcomes, predicting and preventing cerebrovascular injury (CVI) remains challenging.This study introduces a novel computational modeling approach using advanced fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models, which incorporate high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to analyze changes in intracranial pressure and blood flow in cerebral arteries post-TBI. The approach uniquely integrates detailed patient-specific brain vasculature geometries and dynamic boundary conditions to enhance predictive accuracy.Results indicate a significant increase in peak pressure within the first hour post-injury, particularly in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA).This finding underscores the necessity for early intervention in TBI patients to mitigate the risk of CVI. The study demonstrates the potential of FSI modeling to provide insights into the biomechanics of CVI in TBI patients, although it currently lacks model validation and relies solely on simulations, suggesting future work should include comparisons with benchmark models.

213 - Hypopressive exercises do not cause transient changes in intra-abdominal pressure in females: an observational cohort study

213 - Hypopressive exercises do not cause transient changes in intra-abdominal pressure in females: an observational cohort study

A study on the microscopic mechanism of oil displacement in an adaptive profile control and plugging composite displacement system

This study employed a self-designed microfluidic chip with visualized oil displacement technology and indoor core flooding experiments to reveal the microscopic plugging and adjustment mechanisms. Additionally, it involved the microscopic oil displacement mechanism of an adaptive plugging and flooding composite system containing PPG (preformed particle gel) particles and two blended surfactants.The results indicated that microfluidic imaging captured the dynamic seepage characteristics of PPG particles after swelling, which involved plugging, deformation, and passage through a 0.3 mm throat in a series of pores, achieving adaptive plugging between the size of PPG particles and the pore size. The plugging mechanism of PPG particles involves blocking larger parallel pores, increasing the displacement velocity in smaller pores, and dynamically adjusting the plugging to achieve simultaneous displacement in the high- and low-permeability layers. The displacement mechanism of PPG particles in the simulated pores includes reducing seepage radius, expanding sweep area, and repeatedly overcoming capillary forces.The pressure variation data along the length of different permeability long cores demonstrated that the pressure drop within the first third of the injection end increases with an increase in permeability. The pressure change curve illustrates the migration characteristics of PPG particles in the pore throats, characterized by “accumulation and plugging–pressure increase–deformation and migration.”After injecting the adaptive plugging and flooding composite system following polymer flooding, the flow fraction in the high-permeability layers decreased to 25.65 %, whereas that in the low-permeability layers increased to 74.56 %. The difference in the water flooding pressure before and after implementing the adaptive plugging and flooding system reached a factor of 29, and the oil recovery rate improved by 5.55 % compared to a weak alkaline ternary composite system.The adaptive plugging and flooding composite system demonstrated a synergistic effect in expanding swept volume, blocking preferential flow channels, and enhancing oil displacement efficiency. It achieved the effects of simultaneous plugging and flooding, dynamic plugging adjustment, and synchronized displacement in the high- and low-permeability layers, thereby significantly improving the mobilization of residual oil after polymer flooding.

Numerical Simulation Study of an Artificial Percolation Riverbed and Its Hydraulic Characteristics under Different Reynolds Numbers

The direct extraction of clear water from a sandy river is a difficult task and can only be achieved through specific engineering measures. This paper proposes an artificial percolation riverbed structure for extracting clean water from sandy rivers, using a numerical simulation to study the flow field distribution characteristics of the structure under clean water conditions. The main conclusions are as follows: When the percolation vortex tube opening rate is 1.4%, the vortex tube with or without opening the percolation hole has little influence on the distribution characteristics of the flow field in the artificial riverbed, and the purpose of water extraction can be achieved while constructing a helical flow field. The axial flow velocity and circumferential flow velocity of the vortex tube cross-section under different Reynolds numbers show the distribution of a low-flow velocity close to the center of the vortex tube, and a high-flow velocity close to the vortex tube side-wall area. The average axial flow velocity and average circumferential flow velocity of the vortex tube show a trend of increasing and then decreasing distribution along the axial axis of the vortex tube in the direction of the sediment transport flume. The mean axial flow velocity of the vortex tube along the axis of the vortex tube toward the sediment transport flume and the mean circumferential flow velocity both show a distribution trend of increasing and then decreasing. At the junction of the vortex tube and the sediment transport flume, there are obvious pressure changes, and the pressure changes drastically under the same horizontal line. Along the direction of the bottom line of the vortex tube, the pressure at the vortex tube is obviously greater than that at the sediment transport flume. The vortex of the artificial percolation riverbed is mainly concentrated in the vicinity of the vortex tube, and the maximum value of the vortex intensity generally occurs at the junction of the vortex tube and the sediment transport flume. With the increase in the Reynolds number, the vortex intensity has an overall increasing trend, and the distribution of the vortex is more complex. This study helps to elucidate the distribution characteristics of the flow field in the artificial percolation riverbed, and it provides a reference basis for the future study of the flow field of artificial percolation riverbeds of sandy rivers.

Effectiveness of Respiratory Muscle Training in Pompe Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Pompe disease is a rare metabolic myopathy caused by the lack or deficiency of the lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase, resulting in skeletal muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy. The disease varies by onset age and genetic mutations and is categorized into infantile-onset and late-onset Pompe disease. Respiratory muscle weakness may persist regardless enzyme replacement therapy. This systemic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the effect of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on respiratory muscle strength, functional endurance, and pulmonary function in patient with Pompe disease. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched up until Aug 2024. Studies examining the therapeutic effects of RMT in patients with Pompe disease were included. Outcome measures included the change in maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), six-minute walking test (6MWT), pulmonary function before after RMT, quality of life and adverse events. Results: The meta-analysis consisted of 5 single-arm studies, including 31 patients in total. Regarding inspiratory muscle strength, RMT has significantly improving MIP (8.71 cmH2O; 95% CI, 6.23–11.19, p &lt; 0.001) and MEP (12.15 cmH2O; 95% CI, 10.55–13.74, p &lt; 0.001) in both types of Pompe disease. However, no significant change regarding 6MWT. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis revealed that RMT may increase inspiratory muscle and expiratory muscle strength, but may not have an effect on 6MWT in patients with Pompe disease. RMT has potential to be integrated into the cardioplulmonary rehabilitation for patients with Pompe disease. Further large randomized controlled trials are needed to verify the efficacy and safety of RMT in patients with Pompe disease.

Fire safety characteristics of natural gas with hydrogen admixture

The increasing pressure to decarbonise energy production leads to the need to use low or zero carbon fuels or energy carriers. One of the promising fuels of the future is hydrogen, which is carbon-free if renewable energy sources are used for its production. However, the capacity for hydrogen production is currently insufficient to make it applicable on a large scale. Adding hydrogen to natural gas allows for a reduced carbon footprint without costly modifications to pipeline distribution network. However, changing the composition of gas in transport and distribution facilities requires a thorough assessment of the impact on operational safety. Fire safety of flammable mixtures is commonly assessed on the basis of explosive limits and other parameters. Although methods are available to calculate these parameters based on the composition of the mixtures being evaluated, the final safety assessment should rely on actual measured values. The scope of this work is to determine the explosion limits of natural gas from the transit system and changes in the limits caused by the addition of hydrogen at the concentration levels of 10% and 20% (v/v). Obtained experimental results were further compared with theoretically calculated values. Attention was also paid to the change in maximum explosion pressure, maximum pressure rise rate and oxygen concentration limits (LOC). As a result, valuable data on the expansion of the explosion limits of natural gas after the addition of hydrogen are presented.

Telemedical strategies for improving systolic blood pressure control in secondary prevention of cerebrovascular events-a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundStroke remains the second leading cause of death worldwide, with a 20 % risk of recurrence within 5 years. Preventing secondary stroke events is crucial for patient management. Kraft et al. highlighted the potential of telemedicine in secondary prevention, but noted the need for further research. Our study incorporates recent trials to provide an updated analysis of telemedical strategies in stroke prevention. MethodsWe reviewed and analyzed RCTs and observational studies from PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov (May 19, 2016 - March 20, 2024) comparing telephone-based follow-up to standard care in stroke patients. The meta-analysis focused on SBP changes within 12 months. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies, sourced from PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov (May 19, 2016 – March 20, 2024). We compared telephone-based follow-up to standard care in stroke patients, and the primary outcome was systolic blood pressure (SBP) changes within 12 months. ResultsOur systematic review included data from 21,904 patients. The meta-analysis focused on studies with comparable systolic blood pressure (SBP) data. It involved 3,501 individuals in the control group and 3,485 in the experimental group. The analysis revealed a significant reduction in SBP with telemedicine strategies for secondary stroke prevention, with a p-value of 0.003. Additionally, a systemic review of the included studies demonstrated that these strategies improved medication adherence, lifestyle habits, and physical performance, positively correlating with better health outcomes and reduced mortality risk. ConclusionWith the inclusion of recent clinical trials, our updated systematic review and meta-analysis concludes that telemedicine supports secondary prevention in cerebrovascular diseases, particularly blood pressure control. While telemedicine may have a role in reducing recurrent stroke risk, we believe further studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to validate the role of telemedical strategies in reducing recurrence rates.

Management of preoperative hypertension and anxiety based on early monitoring of pulse rate before cataract surgery.

Few studies have addressed the clinical impact of fluctuation in pulse rate before cataract surgery. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of prior pulse monitoring and intervention to prevent blood pressure changes in patients undergoing cataract surgery under local anesthesia. Retrospective study METHODS: Patients who underwent cataract surgery under local anesthesia were included. In the pulse rate (PR) group, intervention was performed on the basis of early monitoring of blood pressure and PR changes. In the conventional group, blood pressure was managed on the basis of blood pressure alone. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, intraoperative nicardipine use, and physician consultation time were retrospectively compared between the groups. The study included 684 eyes from 684 patients aged 73.5 ± 9.5 years (PR group: 297 eyes, conventional group: 387 eyes). No intergroup differences were found in systolic blood pressure or pulse and heart rates; however, diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the PR group than in the conventional group at both the beginning and the end of surgery (P <.001 and P = .0028, respectively). Intravenous nicardipine administration in the operating room was significantly less frequent in the PR group (P = .041), and physician consultation time after entering the operating room and at the beginning of surgery was significantly shorter in the PR group (both P <.001). Early monitoring of PR with blood pressure and intervention were effective for preventing preoperative hypertension.