Changes In Agricultural Landscapes Research Articles

Agricultural landscape change impact on the quality of land: An African continent-wide assessment in gained and displaced agricultural lands

Agricultural land area is increasing globally despite the loss of productive agricultural lands in some world regions. We examine the case of Africa where the knowledge about major agricultural land transitions and the impacts on the quality of land is still very limited. A comprehensive assessment of change in agricultural landscapes was conducted at the African continental scale. We identify influencing factors and model the quality of land associated with agricultural land gains and losses between 2000 and 2018. Land quality was established based on spatially-explicit analysis of varying Net Primary Productivity, soil organic carbon content, crop suitability and percent yield change for major crops of global importance grown across Africa such as maize, rice, soybean, wheat, and alfalfa. Distance to settlements was important in explaining agricultural land dynamics. Most land areas that transitioned to cropland in Africa were associated with large distances away from major roads. Poor access to major roads suggests the remoteness of gained croplands. Land quality was better in gained croplands than in those lost, whereas gained grasslands were of lesser quality compared to areas of grassland loss. Five typologies of African countries were developed based on net yield and amount of land cultivated per crop in cropland change areas. Type 1 typifies net yield increase and cultivated land decrease, while type 2 is characterized by yield increase consequent upon cropland expansion. Net yield and land remain unchanged in type 3, while in type 4 cultivated land increased but yield decreased as in 40% of African countries for maize, and in type 5, both yield and land area decreased. This study thus provides evidence about the quality of land in gained and lost agricultural areas and generalizable insights on their dynamics across Africa.

Agricultural function and landscape change in the Pearl River Delta since reform and opening up

Agricultural function and landscape change in the Pearl River Delta since reform and opening up

A novel ecosystem (dis)service cascade model to navigate sustainability problems and its application in a changing agricultural landscape in Brazil

The ecosystem service framework has been instrumental in navigating local to global sustainability issues. Yet as ecosystem services (ES) focus on nature’s positive contributions to people, some have argued that ‘ecosystem disservices’ (EDS), or nature’s negative contributions, should also be taken into account to better orient sustainability policies. However, joint ES and EDS assessments remain rare in sustainability research, partly because of the persisting conceptual ambiguity around the EDS concept. This study aimed to develop these joint assessments and test their relevance in addressing sustainability issues. To this end, we devised a novel cascade model that helps to define ES and EDS in a multi-level context that considers both as coproduced by ecosystems and people. In order to explore the potential and limitations of this model, we then applied it in a Brazilian landscape where reconciling agriculture and forest conservation is a critical sustainability challenge. Using the model in comprehensive interviews with farmers about their perceptions and management practices of forests, we found that they had an overall positive valuation of forests, but identified both positive and negative interactions between forests and farms at different organizational levels. The model also revealed a vicious circle between crop expansion, a resulting decrease in certain ES and an increase in certain EDS, which might exacerbate tensions between agriculture and forest conservation in the future. Additionally, the model allowed a window on the diverse preventive and regulating practices that the interviewed farmers have adopted to cope with increasing EDS without necessarily harming biodiversity. Based on this case study, this novel cascade model seems a promising conceptual tool to uncover the interactions between ES and EDS, opening new research and policy avenues to support sustainability.

Biodiversity in European agricultural landscapes: transformative societal changes needed

Reversing the decline of biodiversity in European agricultural landscapes is urgent. We suggest eight measures addressing politics, economics, and civil society to instigate transformative changes in agricultural landscapes. We emphasize the need for a well-informed society and political measures promoting sustainable farming by combining food production and biodiversity conservation.

Shedding Light on Agricultural Transitions, Dragon Fruit Cultivation, and Electrification in Southern Vietnam Using Mixed Methods

Agricultural transition represents an essential component of land use and land cover change in countries across the world, as economic and social factors pressure agriculturalists out of traditional subsistence farming into commodity production. Modernization has altered modes of income, land ownership, and livelihood in Southeast Asia drastically in recent years. The Bình Thuận Province of southern Vietnam experienced a particularly radical transformation with the introduction of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) cultivation, which has been profoundly encouraged by outside markets in China, Australia, Japan, and the United States. Dragon fruit plantation dynamics and recent expansion are captured via remotely sensed nighttime lights (NTL) data acquired by the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), revealing a seasonal signal important for differentiating various land uses on the ground. We employed the Breaks for Additive and Seasonal Trend (BFAST) algorithm to reduce and summarize seasonal trends in NTL data and then used the BFAST output combined with a Normalized Difference Lights Index (NDLI) value for each year in the period of 2012 through 2018 in a decision tree classifier to differentiate dragon fruit land use from city lights across the province. The final output was contextualized with a series of semistructured interviews to examine and characterize a changing agricultural landscape associated with dragon fruit cultivation. Dragon fruit plantation in southern Vietnam follows the land system transition pathways of many other agricultural contexts but presents unique physical and social outcomes for further investigation.

Analysis of spatiotemporal changes of agricultural land after the Second World War in Czechia

The term Sudetenland refers to large regions of the former Czechoslovakia that had been dominated by Germans. German population was expelled directly after the Second World War, between 1945 and 1947. Almost three million people left large areas in less than two years. This population change led to a break in the relationship between the people and the landscape. The aim of the study is to compare the trajectories of these changes in agricultural landscapes in lower and higher altitudes, both in depopulated areas and areas with preserved populations. This study included ten sites in the region of Northern Bohemia in Czechia (18,000 ha in total). Five of these sites represent depopulated areas, and the other five areas where populations remained preserved. Changes in the landscape were assessed through a bi-temporal analysis of land use change by using aerial photograph data from time hoirzons of 2018 and 1953. Land use changes from the 1950s to the present are corroborated in the studied depopulated and preserved areas mainly by the trajectory of agricultural land to forest. The results prove that both population displacement and landscape type are important factors that affect landscape changes, especially in agricultural landscapes.

Long-Term Dynamics of Land Use in the Romanian Plain—The Central Bărăgan, Romania

Changes in land use and agricultural landscapes are primarily the result of socio-political and economic changes. This research is based on the analysis of old maps, pertaining to different historical periods, aiming to capture the dynamics of the landscape in the Central Bărăgan Plain. The cartographic materials used have the Map of Southern Romania from 1864, the Firing Master Plans and the Corine Land Cover dataset (1990, 2000, 2018) as reference. For the case studies, these sources are supplemented by the orthophotoplan from 2012 and the remotely-sensed image acquired by Corona satellites in 1974. The results highlight the fact that between 1864 and 2018, the Central Bărăgan Plain recorded important changes in land resources. The most significant transformations took place in the period between 1864 and 1959, when 58% of the plain area was purposed for another use in that large areas of land were introduced in the agricultural use. If in 1864 the agricultural lands represented less than half (196.896 ha) of the Central Bărăgan area, the natural areas being dominant (201.473 ha), in the first half of the 20th century, they increased exponentially (361.674 ha), the natural vegetation occupying much smaller areas (28.481 ha) mainly along the Ialomița and Călmățui rivers and near lakes. This trend is also expressed by the values of the index of naturalness which shows a drastic decrease, from 51.7% in 1864, to 10.6% in 1916–1959. There is also an increase of the area cover by settlements which should be explained by the occurrence of new villages and the increase in size of the existing villages. Another result of the approach concerns the changes that occurred in the agricultural landscape in the middle, respectively at the end of the 20th century, which is a fact quantified by computing the index of land fragmentation. The dynamics of land use and the changes in the features of the agricultural landscape, as far as the analyzed area is concerned, are due to the agrarian reforms pertaining to different historical periods, as well as to the forced relocations during the communist regime. Therefore, the study aims to highlight changes during historical, socio-economic and political time in land use and to reduce the degree of naturalness of the territory at the same time.

Erosion risk assessment: A contribution for conservation priority area identification in the sub-basin of Lake Tana, north-western Ethiopia

Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem arising from agricultural intensification and landscape changes. Improper land management coupled with intense rainfall has intricated the problem in most parts of the Ethiopian highlands. Soil loss costs a profound amount of the national GDP. Thus, quantifying soil loss and prioritizing areas for conservation is imperative for proper planning and resource conservation. Therefore, this study has modeled the mean soil loss and annual sediment yield of the Gumara watershed. Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7ETM+, and Landsat 8 OLI were used for land use land cover (LULC) change analysis. Besides these, other datasets related to rainfall, digital soil map, Digital Elevation Model, reference land use, and cover (LULC) ground truth points were used to generate parameters for modeling soil loss. The watershed was classified into five major land-use classes (water body, cultivated land, grazing land, built-up and forest and plantation) using a maximum likelihood algorithm covering a period of the last 30 years (1988–2019). The mean annual soil loss and sediment yield were quantified using RUSLE, Sediment delivery ratio (SDR), and Sediment Yields models (SY). The analysis result unveils that within the past 30 years, the watershed has undergone significant LULC changes from forest & plantation (46.33%) and grazing land to cultivated land (31.59%) with the rate of −1.42km2yr-1 and -2.80km2yr-1 respectively. In the same vein, the built-up area has expanded to cultivated and grazing land. Subsequently, nearly 15% (207 km2) of the watershed suffered from moderate to very severe soil loss. On average, the watershed losses 24.2 t ha−1 yr−1 of soil and yields 2807.02 t ha−1 yr−1 sediment. Annually, the watershed losses 385,157 t ha−1 yr−1 soil from the whole study area. Among the admirative districts, Farta (Askuma, Giribi, Mahidere Mariam and Arigo kebeles), Fogera (Gazen Aridafofota and Gura Amba kebeles), East Este (Witimera kebele), and Dera (Gedame Eyesus and Deriana Wechit kebeles) districts which cover 50% of the watershed were found severely affected by soil erosion. Thus, to curve back this scenario, soil and water conservation practices should prioritize in the aforementioned districts of the watersheds.

Landscape as filter - farm adaptation to changing contexts

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new geographical analytical model for studies on agricultural landscape change. The model builds on the idea presented by Torsten Hägerstrand that neighbourhood configurations act as filters in change processes. The proposed approach operationalizes this idea of filtering into a geographical interpretation model that combines three different strands of research: ontologies of land use in geographical information science; local spatial contextual analysis of remote sensing data; and agency- and actor-sensitive functional time-space analysis of farming. This approach includes the use of satellite images and makes it possible to infer land-use changes as reactions to long-term policy changes, thus demonstrating how landscape configuration and land use are changing. The model is assessed by applying it to a case study in western Östergötland in central Sweden.

A Technique to Evaluate Agricultural Landscape Changes on the Basis of GIS-Processed 1861 Demarcation Plans and Current Description of Kenozero National Park

In many Russian nature reserves traditional landscapes are objects of important historical and cultural heritage. To preserve and restore them one needs to deeply understand their development, formation and degradation processes. In the north of European Russia agricultural landscapes are often covered with forests and lose their features when agricultural activity decreases. However, structural characteristics of these forests as a rule tell us about their development and peculiarities of successions. The study aims at creating a technique to estimate the scope of former agricultural land development, model historical transformation of agricultural landscapes and identify plots of slash and burn, shifting, two and three field agriculture judging by structural characteristics of post-agrarian forests. Aided by GIS the study compares raster analogs of land demarcation plans of the second half of the 19th century and vector layers of present day forests with attributive data on the forest structure. The use of cartographic forest data and inventory forest characteristics to compare with former land management documents related to the plot named have not been found in studies before. High precision of present day land management provides for permitted comparability with old demarcation plans and allows one to use inventory data for inter-landscape differentiation of agricultural landscapes in the 19th century. The study covers a model plot within Kenozero National Park (Arkhangelsk Region) addressing 1861 demarcation plans and 2014 forests GIS developed by Arkhangelsk branch of Roslesinforg. GIS processing of 19th century and present day demarcation plans provides for modeling agricultural landscape changes in relation to separate plots, trace the influence of soil conditions and elements of agrarian use on topological and inventory changes of emerging forests and reconstruct the biodiversity of ecosystems in the past.

Agricultural Landscape Change Analysis: A Case Study of Bornova District in Izmir Province

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile İzmir ili Bornova ilçesinde 2012 ve 2016 yılları arasında meydana gelen alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü değişimlerinin tarımsal peyzajın değişimini nasıl etkilediğini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır.Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmada 2012 yılına ait RapidEye ve 2016 yılına ait Landsat 8 OLI uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma alanının alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü ile tarımsal peyzaj değişiminin analiz edilmesinde Sınıf Alanı (CA), Peyzajın Oranı (PLAND), Ortalama Leke Büyüklüğü (AREA_MN), Bağlantılılık İndeksi (CONNECT), Leke Sayısı (NP), Peyzaj Şekil İndeksi (LSI), Alan Ağırlıklı Ortalama Leke Büyüklüğü (AREA_AM) ve Ortalama Öklid En Yakın Komşu Mesafesi (ENN_MN) olmak üzere sekiz adet peyzaj metriğinden yararlanılmıştır. Alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü değişimlerinin belirlenmesinde ArcGIS 10.1 yazılımı, peyzaj metriklerine yönelik analizler için ise FRAGSTATS 4.2 yazılımı kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda tarımsal alanların 3113 hektardan 3121 hektara artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Tarım alanlarının yoğun olduğu bölgelerde yeni tarım alanlarının açılması ile tarım alanlarının genişlediği, diğer yerlerdeki büyük lekeler halindeki tarım alanlarının ise diğer alan kullanımlarına dönüşmesi nedeniyle küçülme eğilimi gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü değişimlerinin ve değişim eğilimlerinin ne yönde olduğunun tespit edilmesi, arazi üzerindeki baskıların azaltılması, doğal kaynaklardan optimum fayda sağlanması ve sürdürülebilir planlama stratejilerinin oluşturulması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma ile alan kullanım/arazi örtüsü değişimlerinin peyzaj metrikleri ile değerlendirilmesinin, değişimlerin izlenmesinde kullanılabilecek bir yöntem olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Influence of Changes in Agricultural Landscapes on the Distribution and Number of the Demoiselle Crane (Аnthropoides virgo Linnaeus, 1758) (Gruidae, AVES) in its Breeding Range Since the Middle of the XX Century

Influence of Changes in Agricultural Landscapes on the Distribution and Number of the Demoiselle Crane (Аnthropoides virgo Linnaeus, 1758) (Gruidae, AVES) in its Breeding Range Since the Middle of the XX Century

An exploration of land use and poverty as an integrative model for mitigating Chagas disease in El Salvador

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical parasitic disease that is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and that is transmitted by several insect vectors in the subfamily Triatominae. Research studies suggest that the vector ecology of Chagas disease may be impacted by anthropogenic changes to natural habitats. The objective of this study was to characterize linkages between poverty levels and diverse land use practices throughout El Salvador. Working at the municipal level, we used geographic information systems (GIS) to intersect map-layers containing land use types and poverty index values. The resulting intersect map was used to characterize the alpha-diversity of different agricultural, natural, and mixed land use types. We found that the richness, diversity, and evenness of municipal land use types changed with municipal poverty-level, size, population density, and population sex ratio. We also detected that changes in green space, natural landscapes, and agricultural landscapes correlated with municipal sociodemographic considerations. Given the broad exploratory connections between the vector ecology of Triatominae and the socio-demographics of land use practices, we propose that a multidisciplinary approach will be more effective in mitigating Chagas disease in El Salvador.

Tracking changes in soil organic carbon across the heterogeneous agricultural landscape of the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia

Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) can improve the capacity of agricultural systems to both adapt to and mitigate climate change. Despite its importance, the current understanding of the magnitude or even the direction of SOC change in agricultural landscapes is limited. While changes in land use/land cover (LULC) and climate are among the main drivers of changes in SOC, their relative importance for the spatiotemporal assessment of SOC is unclear. This study evaluated LULC and SOC dynamics using archived and recent soil samples, remote sensing, and digital soil mapping in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia, Canada. We combined both pixel- and object-based analysis of Landsat satellite imagery to assess LULC changes from 1984 to 2018. We achieved an overall accuracy of 81% and kappa coefficient of 0.77 for LULC classification using a random forest model. For predicting SOC for the same time period, we applied soil and vegetation indices derived from Landsat images, topographic indices, historic soil survey variables, and climate data in a random forest model. The SOC prediction of 2018 resulted in a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.67, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.76, and normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) of 0.12. For 1984, the SOC prediction accuracies were 0.46, 0.58, and 0.18 for R2, CCC, and nRMSE, respectively. We detected SOC loss in 61%, gain in 12%, while 27% remained unchanged across the study area. Although we detected large losses of SOC due to LULC change, the majority of the SOC losses across the landscape were attributed to areas that were remained in the same type of agricultural production since 1984. Climate variability did not, however, have a strong effect on SOC changes. These results can inform decision making in the study area to support sustainable LULC management for enhancing SOC sequestration.

Using cost-benefit analysis to understand adoption of winter cover cropping in California's specialty crop systems

Winter cover crops could contribute to more sustainable agricultural production and increase resiliency to climate change; however, their adoption remains low in California. This paper seeks to understand barriers to winter cover crop adoption by monetizing their long-term economic and agronomic impacts on farm profitability in two of California's specialty crop systems: processing tomatoes and almonds. Our modeling effort provides a present, discounted valuation of the long-term use of winter cover crops through a cost-benefit analysis. A net present value model estimates the cumulative economic value of this practice. We then explore how the long-term trade-offs associated with winter cover crops can affect an operation's profits under a spectrum of hypothetical changes in California's agricultural landscape. Our analysis sheds light on the barriers to adoption by reporting benefit-cost ratios that indicate profitability across several scenarios; however, benefits and costs accrue differently over time and with long planning horizons. At the same time, a small portion of gained benefits are external to the grower. Findings from this study reveal that winter cover crops in California can be profitable in the long-term, but the extent of profit depends on the cropping system, extent of irrigation savings due to improved soil function, access to financial subsidies and climate change. Winter cover crops can return positive net benefits to growers who have flexible contractual obligations, can wait for the long-term return on investment and manage cover crops as closely as cash crops. This analysis contributes to the study of conservation agriculture practices by explaining possible reasons for low adoption through an economic valuation of the implications of soil management choices and policy counterfactuals.

Influence of Changes in Agricultural Landscapes on the Distribution and Number of the Demoiselle Crane (Anthropoides virgo Linnaeus, 1758) (Gruidae, Aves) in Its Breeding Area Since the Middle of the 20th Century

Influence of Changes in Agricultural Landscapes on the Distribution and Number of the Demoiselle Crane (Anthropoides virgo Linnaeus, 1758) (Gruidae, Aves) in Its Breeding Area Since the Middle of the 20th Century

Tinjauan perubahan cara bercocok tanam pada lanskap agrikultur di desa enclave Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru, Ngadas, Kabupaten Malang

A review of cultivation changes in agricultural landscapes in the enclave village of Bromo TenggerSemeru National Park, Ngadas, Malang Regency Ngadas village is one example of an agricultural villagelocated in the mountains. Ngadas village is located in the enclave of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park(TNBTS) in the Malang Regency, East Java. The dependence of the community on agricultural land makesNgadas have a strong agrarian image. Ngadas people do more activities in the fields than in the house. Asbasic landscape units in the form of mountains, they have a vulnerability if not used wisely. The problem ofvulnerability to erosion in the agricultural landscape, makes Ngadas Village interesting to study. Primarily,regarding the relationship of landscapes and land conservation efforts that must be made to a complexagricultural landscape. Therefore, there is a need for research that focuses on efforts to conserve land, especially in an agricultural landscape. Research is conducted through qualitative methods with spatial andqualitative descriptive comparative analysis. The results of the study show that changes in farming methodshave several disadvantages that can cause land degradation and reduced productivity in each period, includingthe shifting cultivation system to reduce nutrients, upper slopes planted with tubers and monoculture agriculture.Therefore, it is necessary to have the right recommendations, namely planting upper slopes with hard woodplants, planting with polyculture systems, and agroforestry systems applied on the upper slopes.

A season-specific, multi-site calibration strategy to study the hydrological cycle and the impact of extreme-flow events along an urban-to-agricultural gradient

Extreme-flow events have been a central point of interest in hydrology and recent developments suggest that their role could be critical in the overall functioning of watershed systems. The development of modelling techniques that can effectively reproduce the hydrological dynamics of watersheds during extreme events is one of the challenges of the contemporary modelling practice. In this study, we present a season-specific, multi-site calibration framework that accommodates the variability in the hydrological responses induced by the agricultural landscape changes during different periods of the year. Our case study is the Hamilton Harbour watershed in southern Ontario, Canada, where discharge data from three main tributaries and six gauging stations were available to constrain the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Two distinct values are assigned to the Curve Number for antecedent runoff condition II (CN2), relating surface runoff to precipitation as a function of land uses and soil characteristics, in order to reproduce flow patterns during the growing and dormant seasons. Overall, notwithstanding the model performance decline in the most urbanized catchment of Redhill Creek, our season-specific calibration strategy improved the predictive capacity of the model in the predominantly agricultural catchments of Grindstone Creek and Spencer Creek. Counter to our season-specific process characterization, an alternative calibration strategy postulating a differential watershed response, depending on the magnitude of individual precipitation events, appears to fair better in urbanized settings. The water budget displays significant disparities among the different land uses in the Hamilton Harbour watershed. Our analysis also suggests that the runoff generated from urban sites during the growing season (May–October), i.e., the period when the receiving waterbody is most sensitive to eutrophication, is six times higher than the average contribution from pasture, forest, and cropland areas. The potential implications of the on-going land-use and climate-change trends for the water cycle at both local and catchment scales are also discussed.

The reproductive success of sandhill cranes in midwestern landscapes

ABSTRACTA number of wildlife species have recovered from the brink of extinction to flourish and, in some cases, even become a commonly recognized urban species (e.g., Canada goose [Branta canadensis]). Broadly extirpated from much of their historical range in North America, the sandhill crane (Antigone canadensis) demonstrated this potential for population recovery. The trajectory of the eastern population of greater sandhill cranes is remarkable—perhaps as many as 90,000 cranes now occur throughout the same Great Lakes states that reported only dozens of birds less than a century ago. However, understanding future population growth of the species remains uncertain because breeding birds are increasingly exposed to the pressures of urban sprawl and a changing agricultural landscape. From 2009 to 2014 we investigated the survival of sandhill crane nests and young up to 11 weeks of age (the point at which they are capable of flight) in the core of the eastern population's range in central Wisconsin and at its peripheral extent in a rapidly developing urban region of northeastern Illinois, USA. We located crane nests via systematic surveys on foot and from helicopters, we then radio‐tagged the young and monitored them until they died or were capable to sustained flight. Overall, young were more likely to hatch from nests in Illinois (60%) than in central Wisconsin (46%), regardless of differences in land cover surrounding the nest site. In contrast, the survivorship of young was positively correlated with urban land cover in both regions but higher in central Wisconsin (54%) than in northeast Illinois (27%). Overall, the probability of producing young was greater in landscapes with more urban development, regardless of region. We suggest that differences in predator composition, predator behavior, and crane density between rural and urban areas is the primary reason for the difference in crane productivity. Higher recruitment of sandhill cranes using urban landscapes may allow cranes to echo the population trajectory of urban Canada geese. We anticipate that sandhill cranes will continue to use urban landscapes, and likely expand their geographic range as breeding pairs benefit from the increased survivorship of young in those landscapes. © The Wildlife Society, 2019

Impact of Geographical Indication schemes on traditional knowledge in changing agricultural landscapes: An empirical analysis from Japan

A Geographical Indication (GI) is expected to facilitate agri-environmental management in agricultural landscapes. Currently, local products from small-scale farms and national branded products with a relatively large scale of production are being registered using GI schemes. Considering the relationships among GI products, their agricultural landscapes, and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), as a GI case study, we examined small GI farms in Odate City, Akita Prefecture, Japan, which produce edible plants called Tonburi.This research explored the complex cause-effect relationship between TEK and landscapes and found that the TEK of Tonburi production influenced biological diversity and vice versa. The TEK and skills of small farmers were confined to the family members of each farmer and were not shared at the community level until GI registration. However, the farmers shared their TEK of sustainable agricultural landscape management through the process of GI registration. Through negotiation between local agricultural cooperatives and farmers, TEK was provided as a form of cultural capital and shared with new producers after GI registration.We concluded that enclosed TEK negatively affects production maintenance and landscape management in the long term. However, the GI registration process contributes to the sharing of TEK as a form of cultural capital among Tonburi farmers.