Changes In Adaptation Research Articles

Influence of the arctic climatic conditions of the Kola Peninsula on the reactivity of the sympathetic-adrenal and cardiovascular systems of junior high school children

The growth and development of children aged 7-10 years takes place under conditions of continuous learning, and the level of fatigue increases by the end of the school year. Environmental factors of the Kola Peninsula play a special role here. the process of adaptation of the organism takes place in all age and gender groups. The most obvious is the reactivity of the cardiovascular and sympathetic-adrenal systems to physical load, which enhances the correlation links between indicators of the two active systems. It happens in the following way: by the end of the academic year, in all age and gender groups before the polar day, a proven shift of the observed indicators is recorded. The results obtained provide a comprehensive picture of age-related adaptation changes and increase in the level of fatigue in the arctic climate conditions of the Kola Peninsula. Examinations of children aged 7-10 years showed that age dynamics of cardiovascular and sympathoadrenal systems indicators is non-linear and significantly depends on specific parts of the academic year. This may be due to the periodicity of the polar night, namely, as the functional capabilities of particular systems tend to increase with age, certain indicators have a wave-like character of changes.

Are the mechanical properties of Achilles tendon Altered in CrossFit athletes? Reliability and accuracy of myotonometry

Purpose Tendons adapt to loads affecting them, by changing tendons’ mechanical and morphological properties. The aim of the study has been to investigate the influence of involvement in sport activities in the form of CrossFit training by individuals of different age upon the mechanical properties of Achilles tendon. Methods 231 persons participated in the study. One group consisted of subjects who train CrossFit as amateurs, the other group comprised subjects who were not physically active. Achilles tendon was studied for various positions of the ankle joint: 0° DF/PF, 10° DF, 20° DF, 20° PF and 40° PF. The following mechanical and viscoelastic tendon properties were measured using MyotonPRO: frequency [Hz], stiffness [N/m], decrement [log], relaxation time [ms] and creep [De]. The results have been compared in reference to physical activity, BMI, age, and length of training history. Results Both the tension and stiffness increased with degree of Achilles tendon stretching and decreased as it contracted. Higher values have been noted in the group of people in training and with higher BMI values. The elasticity of Achilles tendon decreased with plantar flexion increase. Lower elasticity has been recorded in the group in training and with higher BMI. No significant influence of age and length of training history upon the parameters achieved has been noted. Conclusions The specificity of Crossfit training and accompanying mechanical load result in development of adaptation changes in Achilles tendon, in the form of its higher tone/tension and stiffness, as well as lower elasticity.

Communicating Care in Coastal Fisheries: Restoration, Adaptation, and Collaborative Policy Change

Communicating Care in Coastal Fisheries: Restoration, Adaptation, and Collaborative Policy Change

Tongue Adaptation and Airway Changes in Two Different Bracket Systems: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Introduction: Orthodontics apart from correcting the malocclusions provide an invariably indirect effects on surrounding musculature and airway by means of creating room for proper tongue posture which helps in improvement of oropharyngeal airway dimensions along with dentoalveolar corrections which in this study was experimented with two different bracket systemsMBT and Damon self-ligating systems. Aim: To assess the adaptation of tongue and oropharyngeal airway changes following treatment with two different bracket systems. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, and included 20 participants and categorised into two groups: Group 1 and group 2 included participants who underwent orthodontic treatment with Damon appliance therapy with Damon Copper NiTi (CuNiTi) wires and MBT prescription with Damon CuNiTi wires. Lateral cephalogram and intraoral scanning was done at the start of orthodontic treatment (T0) and after one year (T1). Cephalometric and occlusal model assessment to determine the adaptation of tongue and Oropharyngeal Dimensions (OD) were determined (T0-T1) using the Facad® and 3-shape software. Independent t-tests and paired t-tests were done to compare T0 and T1 for both the groups were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Results of paired t-tests showed a statistically significant difference at the Interpremolar distance (IPM1) region of both groups 1 and 2 between T0 and T1 (p=0.034, p=0.011), Intercanine distance (IC) of group 2 upper (p=0.043) and IPM2 of both the groups in the upper arch (p=0.042, p=0.022). Cephalometric results showed a significant increase in all the assessed parameters within the groups between T0 and T1 (p<0.05). Oropharyngeal space did not show any difference in both the systems however comparatively increased in group 1 than in group 2. Conclusion: Treatment with Damon and MBT prescriptions with Damon Cuniti wires showed significant alterations in adaptation of tongue and oropharyngeal space and also in bringing about arch expansion in maxilla and mandible with the greatest expansion noted for first premolar of both the groups and IC and Interpremolar (2nd premolar) width of the upper arch of both the groups.

A managerial approach in resource allocation models: An application in US and Canadian oil and gas companies

In resource allocation and target setting problems, a central decision makers? managerial standpoint has a pivotal role, especially when we encounter undesirable outputs such as the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In such circumstances, firms have to cooperate with each other, to achieve the central planner?s aims. Looking into literature reveals that the existing resource allocation models based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) have not aptly considered the influence of managerial efforts and technological innovations in this sense. This study proposes a centralized model incorporating managerial disposability. This model not only reflects the leadership performance of the central planner and the technological novelty perspective in the resource allocation and target setting problem, but also has a positive modification against an environmental adaptation change. In order to illustrate the applicability of our resource allocation and target setting model, a case study of 23 US and Canadian oil and gas companies has been conducted. Analysis of the results reveals the appropriacy and efficiency of our proposed model in dealing with the current perspectives concerning the issue of resource allocation and target setting.

Adaptation patterns and cultural change of Batak Toba migrants in Pematangsiantar city

<span lang="EN-US">This study examines the pattern of adaptation and socio-cultural change of Toba Batak migrants in Pematangsiantar City. The territorial mobility of Toba Batak migrants, which is permanent and expansionist, affects their adaptation patterns, socio-cultural changes, and settlements after they become migrants in new areas. The method used to analyze data about the pattern of adaptation and socio-cultural change of the Toba Batak people used descriptive qualitative methods. Through this method, it is hoped that it will be able to answer research problems. The population in this study were all Toba Batak migrants living in Pematangsiantar City. Informants in this study were 12 people consisting of 5 people from Toba Batak traditional leaders and one person for comparison with Simalungun traditional leaders, one person in Angkola, one person for Javanese, one person for Malay, one person for Mining, one person for Karo, and one person for Chinese. . Data were collected through in-depth interviews combined with library data. The results of the interviews were collected, tabulated, analyzed, verified, and displayed to conclude. The results showed that the pattern of adaptation and socio-cultural change experienced by Toba Batak migrants was influenced by the cultural background of Pematangsiantar City, namely Simalungun culture as the host culture, and other cultures that were not dominant. Toba Batak migrants adapt in Pematangsiantar City to local culture but retain most of their socio-cultural values, even though they become migrants and settle in Pematangsiantar City</span>

21st Century Discoveries in the Physiology of Adaptation and Dramatic Changes in the Validation of Substance Dependence

21st Century Discoveries in the Physiology of Adaptation and Dramatic Changes in the Validation of Substance Dependence

Architecture of peasant-migrants of the first quarter of the 20th century in the Middle Angara River region according to the complex historical and dendrochronological analyses

The paper presents the results of a complex historical and dendrochronological study of folk architecture of peasant-migrants of the first quarter of the 20th century who lived in the territory of the Middle Angara River region (Bratsk district of Irkutsk Oblast). Based on the dendrochronological studies, visual inspection of buildings and interviews with local residents, initial features and dynamics of adaptation changes in the building culture of the peasant-migrants were reconstructed. It has been established that the migrants tried to preserve as much as pos-sible of the building technologies from their homeland, changing only those elements that impeded the adaptation in the new environmental and climatic conditions. At the same time, a significant proportion of the peasant-migrants tried to reproduce at the new place those examples of folk architecture that in their homeland were cha-racteristic of most prosperous peasants. It has been concluded that in the Bratsk district, the building culture of the migrants underwent a higher degree of transformations than in other areas of the Angara basin region. Those mi-grants who settled in the vicinity of Russian old-settlers experienced heavy influences from their folk architecture.

The Technological Multiplicity of the Acheulean of the Southern Iberian Peninsula

The Acheulean of the southern Iberian Peninsula is markedly similar to the north African Acheulean. However, the characteristics of the stone tool assemblages are heterogeneous and represent complex cultural phenomena. From MIS 15, the lithic assemblages in fluvial (Guadiana, Guadalquivir and Guadalete rivers), fluvio-lacustrine (Solana del Zamborino) and karstic (Cueva del Ángel, Bolomor, Cueva Negra del río Quípar, Cueva Horá and Santa Ana) contexts exhibit analogies and technical differences representative of a phenomenon of multiplicity. Contributing to this phenomenon is the perception of technological stasis or conservatism of the Acheulean technocomplex and the different technical responses articulated by hominins to achieve equivalent results. These equivalences generate the uniformity that allows us to recognise typologies of large cutting tools (LCTs) regardless of the lithic materials used or the organisational structures of the operational sequences. These diversified typologies include handaxes, picks, and cleavers, which maintain a consistent presence despite innovations such as the Levallois flaking method. In some cases, the presence of cleavers and spheroids affects the range of represented typologies. Beneath the uniformity of the handaxes, lie organisational differences in the operational sequences. The changes and differences in the use of flakes to shape handaxes, the representation of cleavers and diversification of shaped-tool typologies all suggest differential cultural behaviours linked in part to divergent contexts. These aspects indicate that this multiplicity is related to diffusion, adaptation and cultural changes produced at the margins of the conservatism of this technocomplex. Observed changes could indicate inter-group cultural replacements, most of which retained a similar techno-typological diversity to that seen in the north African Acheulean until MIS 5. Cyclical climate change during the Middle Pleistocene affected the Strait of Gibraltar, regulating its function and conditioning the circulation of hominins and affecting cultural interactions between southern Iberian groups.

Changes in educational adaptation during the covid-19 pandemic in Paraguay, 2020-2021

During the years 2020 and 2021, global education was significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The sudden change in educational modality caused the different actors to adapt at breakneck speed and with the often-limited resources available to them. The present study aims to show and analyze the educational changes that have occurred during the last two years in Paraguay through the statements collected from three actors directly involved in the teaching-learning process: teachers, high school and university students, and parents of school-age children from different parts of the country. The data collection was carried out in three different phases: Mar-May 2020, Nov-Dec 2020 and Nov-Dec 2021. The results show significant changes in terms of access to technological tools such as computers and internet and demonstrate high proportions of actors who used WhatsApp and educational platforms as the main channels of communication and sending homework. In addition, they highlight the reading of materials and worksheets as those activities mostly proposed during the two years. The results also revealed significant difficulties related to internet connectivity, lack of understanding of tasks, motivational aspects, and lack of time for adequate dedication to the activities proposed. Nevertheless, several stakeholders highlighted that the educational modality implemented was of interest to them due to certain advantages that could be taken advantage of and improved in a normal educational system.

ADAPTAÇÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIA DE PESSOAS OBESAS POR EXERCÍCIO AERÓBICO

ABSTRACT Introduction Obesity is a critical pathogenic factor of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in metabolic syndrome and an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease leading to low cardiorespiratory endurance. Objective Explore the changes in cardiorespiratory endurance adaptation on obese subjects caused by aerobic exercise. Methods A cardiorespiratory exercise model was proposed for obese people under different optimizations based on critical variables and cluster analysis. This model analyzes the relationship between exercise and cardiorespiratory endurance in obese people, extracts the cardiorespiratory endurance index characteristics of obese people under different exercise levels, and clusters their different index characteristics. Results The difference between the heart rate of the proposed model and the actual heart rate is 0.11, the difference between the heart rate of the model and the actual heart rate is 4.28, and the difference between the heart rate of the model and the actual heart rate is 2.84, and the accuracy of the proposed model is the highest. Conclusion The model proposed in this paper can accurately analyze the effects of different aerobic exercise frequencies on cardiorespiratory endurance. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

Literature Review of Climate Change and Indonesia's SDGs Strategic Issues in a Multidisciplinary Perspective

Today, we often hear or even discuss about climate change or in a universal language known as “Climate Change”. Climate change cannot be underestimated because although it is a physical change, it can damage the development results of various sectors that have been achieved and hinder the achievement of Indonesia’s SDGs. Solving the issue of climate change also cannot be solved by just one scientific discipline but requires multidisciplinary collaboration. This literature research reviews climate change in the midst of Indonesia’s SDGs- based development from various multidisciplinary perspectives while at the same time looking for opportunities for adoption and mitigation in the midst of a mud puddleof climate change threat. The results of this research suggest that scientific perspectives and the interests of Agribusiness, Higher Education, Public Health and Socio-culture are considered factors in implementing the SDGs program especially climate change, including adaptation and mitigation. Because if only focus on one perspective, it will be very difficult to accommodate the sustainable development of the SDGs in a pluralistic society. The role of a multidisciplinary perspective in this research is very influential in the adaptation and mitigationof climate change phenomena in the process of implementing the SDGs sustainable development. The solutions offered by each perspective can go hand in hand and support the resilience of the Indonesian nation and the world in the SDGs sustainable development process, including dealing with the phenomenon of Climate Change.

Resilience and Climate Disaster Management in Cities: Transformative Change and Conflicts

This article considers local resilience strategies and climate disaster management response in cities, as well as their impacts in terms of climate adaptation and transformative change. It argues that the soaring use of the concept of resilience is concealing a discrepancy between the ambitions and the solutions for the implementation of better, fairer, and more trustworthy climate adaptation solutions. Cities’ stakeholders are increasingly confronted with trade-offs, while they are often ill-equipped with a lack of facilities, accessible funding, and a limited capacity to address the multiple challenges. Vulnerable populations and poorer groups remain increasingly exposed to climate disasters. The lack of clarity in land-use mechanisms, as well as the multiple obstacles to solutions for climate adaptation, is fueling social conflicts. Multi-stakeholder dialogue, cooperation, local engagement, and a renewed international attention are needed to bring about the transformative change necessary to achieve local resilience, and to generate sufficient trust in the response process to climate disasters.

Cultural adaptation of the savvy caregiver program for Korean Americans with limited English proficiency: a feasibility and acceptability study

BackgroundLimited English proficiency (LEP) of dementia caregivers poses a critical barrier to these caregivers’ access to evidence-based interventions. In an effort to make such interventions available and accessible to dementia caregivers with LEP, in the present study we use Barrera and colleagues’ (2011) three-step model of cultural adaptation: (1) information gathering, (2) preliminary adaptation, and (3) full adaptation. Selecting Korean Americans as a target group and the Savvy Caregiver Program (SCP) as a target intervention, we demonstrate the sequential process of cultural adaption and report the outcomes on feasibility and acceptability.MethodsPreliminary adaptation with linguistic attunement was conducted by translating the SCP manual into Korean and certifying two lay individuals who were bilingual in English and Korean as Savvy trainers. The 6-week online SCP program was delivered by the two trainers in Korean with six to seven caregiver participants per trainer (N = 13). Feasibility and acceptability of the SCP for both caregiver participants and trainers were assessed using mixed methods, and their data then informed full adaptation.ResultsFindings not only showed the initial efficacy of the linguistically attuned SCP but also suggested areas for further modification. Data-driven assessment yielded a list of recommended changes for full adaptation, which was reviewed by the SCP developer to ensure fidelity and by community and research partners to confirm contextual and cultural relevance.ConclusionsThe adopted changes are broadly summarized as representing logistical, technical, and cultural issues. Given our refined set of educational materials and implementation guidelines, we discuss future directions for research and development.

Transformative Resilience: An Overview of Its Structure, Evolution, and Trends

Transformational resilience is at the forefront of academic and policy initiatives on sustainable development, climate adaptation, and disaster risk reduction as a result of successive and complex changes in global dynamics. While the literature on transformative resilience is growing, there is no comprehensive analysis of its trends and development. This paper aims to close this knowledge gap by presenting a multifaceted bibliometric overview of transformative resilience literature, revealing its trends, focus areas, transitions, and intellectual foundations. This is based on 415 Web of Science-indexed articles published between 1996 and 2021. According to the findings, the concept has developed primarily around four key presentive domains: vulnerability and climate change adaptation, urban and regional disaster resilience, sustainability management and institutional transformation, and COVID-19. While priorities and subjects of research have evolved over time, key concepts such as resilience, adaptation, and climate change have recurred. Influential authors and documents from three interrelated resilience schools, including sustainable development, climate change adaptation, and disaster risk reduction, have shaped the field’s intellectual foundations. We contend that a greater variety of contexts is required to facilitate transformative resilience’s investigation, description, and experimentation.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy regulates adipocyte differentiation.

Adipogenesis is a tightly orchestrated multistep process wherein preadipocytes differentiate into adipocytes. The most studied aspect of adipogenesis is its transcriptional regulation through timely expression and silencing of a vast number of genes. However, whether turnover of key regulatory proteins per se controls adipogenesis remains largely understudied. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective form of lysosomal protein degradation that, in response to diverse cues, remodels the proteome for regulatory purposes. We report here the activation of CMA during adipocyte differentiation and show that CMA regulates adipogenesis at different steps through timely degradation of key regulatory signaling proteins and transcription factors that dictate proliferation, energetic adaptation, and signaling changes required for adipogenesis.

The Psychosocial Impact of Lower Limb Amputation on Patients and Caregivers.

Introduction The impact of amputation on patients' social and psychological well-being has been demonstrated. However, the experiences and requirements of amputees during the adjustment phase vary between amputees. Methods This study aimed to assess how amputation affects psychosocial life and the quality of life (QOL) in the amputees, the psychosocial processes involved in adjusting to amputation and a prosthesis, and the burden of amputees on caregivers in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was placed from November 2021 to February 2022, and it included all amputees and caregivers available at the time of the study. Result A total of 239 amputees and 219 caregivers were included in the study. The average level of the physical component score (PCS) was 63.5% ± 14.6% and 57.3% ± 12.9% for the mental component score (MCS). There is a significant positive correlation between psychological adjustment total and satisfaction with prosthesis with PCS and MCS dimension of QOL. Considering the QOL, PCS mean score was significantly higher among prosthetics users than among non-users (68.2 ± 15.5 vs. 59.9 ± 12.8, respectively; P=.001). Also, the MCS score was significantly higher among prosthetics users than among non-users (59.5 ± 12.4 vs. 55.5 ± 13.0, respectively; P=.001). A total of 15.1% of caregivers experienced a high burden, while 23.3% had a mild to moderate burden, but 61.6% had no or little burden. Conclusion Our finding shows there are correlations between psychological adjustment total and satisfaction with prosthesis with PCS and MCS dimension of QOL. The findings emphasize the importance of psychological and social support to be considered in caregivers' health assessments. Also, the physical health of the caregivers should be fundamental in their lives as it minifies the caregiver burden.Further studies should be considered with a larger sample of amputees and longitudinal studies to evaluate the adaptation changes over time, caregiving burden, and family functioning.

Kekristenan dan Tradisi Ru-ketu “Tinjauan Tipologi Helmut Richard Niebuhr Terhadap Pandangan Pro-Kontra Praktek Tradisi Ru-ketu Di kalangan Komunitas Kristen Sabu Barat Kabupaten Sabu Raijua”

This article aims to describe Helmut Richard Niebuhr's typology review of the pros and cons of the practice of the ru-ketu tradition among the Christian community of Sabu Barat, Sabu Raijua district. The research method used to describe this article is a qualitative method with interview and literature studies techniques. The results showed that there were three groups of respondents perceptions of the Sabu Barat Christian community towards the practice of the ru-ketu tradition based on Helmut Richard Niebuhr's typological classification. The first group is a minority group that tends to be dualistic and ambiguity. This attitude is due to the strong influence of genealogical factors. The second group is the majority group that tends to have a transformative view of the ru-ketu tradition. The perception of this group tends to be influenced by two factors at once, namely cultural factors and religious identity factors. This group tends to practice the ru-ketu tradition with a number of adaptation changes in the stages of implementation due to the influence of Christian religious teachings. The third group is a small number of respondents who tend to be antipathetic and reject the involvement of the Christian community in the implementation of the ru-ketu tradition. This group tends to position the Christian community as an entity that is contrary to the ru-ketu tradition because of the exclusive religious doctrine factor.

Temporal shell-size variations of bivalves in South China from the Late Permian to the early Middle Triassic

During the end-Permian mass extinction and subsequent Early-Middle Triassic recovery, a series of environmental changes occurred and were accompanied by morphological and ecological responses. This study presents a shell-size analysis study of Upper Permian through lower Middle Triassic bivalve fossils from South China to discover their ecological and environmental implications. With a dataset of over 4900 bivalve specimens from published monographs and our own collections, shell length and shell height are measured and analyzed with a substage-stage binned scale. The mean and median sizes of bivalve shells show a significant Lilliput effect in the immediate aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction. However, both epifaunal and infaunal bivalves grew larger quickly during the late Griesbachian, indicating a quick rebound of bivalve shell size. The temporal variations in bivalves in South China were mainly controlled by biotic and abiotic factors, e.g., physiological adaptation, changing competition, predatory pressure, and climatic and oxygen changes.

Basin-scale biogeography of Prochlorococcus and SAR11 ecotype replication

Establishing links between microbial diversity and environmental processes requires resolving the high degree of functional variation among closely related lineages or ecotypes. Here, we implement and validate an improved metagenomic approach that estimates the spatial biogeography and environmental regulation of ecotype-specific replication patterns (RObs) across ocean regions. A total of 719 metagenomes were analyzed from meridional Bio-GO-SHIP sections in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. Accounting for sequencing bias and anchoring replication estimates in genome structure were critical for identifying physiologically relevant biological signals. For example, ecotypes within the dominant marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus exhibited distinct diel cycles in RObs that peaked between 19:00–22:00. Additionally, both Prochlorococcus ecotypes and ecotypes within the highly abundant heterotroph Pelagibacter (SAR11) demonstrated systematic biogeographies in RObs that differed from spatial patterns in relative abundance. Finally, RObs was significantly regulated by nutrient stress and temperature, and explained by differences in the genomic potential for nutrient transport, energy production, cell wall structure, and replication. Our results suggest that our new approach to estimating replication is reflective of gross population growth. Moreover, this work reveals that the interaction between adaptation and environmental change drives systematic variability in replication patterns across ocean basins that is ecotype-specific, adding an activity-based dimension to our understanding of microbial niche space.