Changes In Activity Participation Research Articles

Emotional Impact of Changes in Activity Participation in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease

Symptoms associated with Parkinson’s Disease, motor and non-motor, impact daily life and can lead to participation changes in meaningful occupations and social activities. The purpose of this study was to understand the emotional impact of changes in activity participation in people with Parkinson’s Disease. The study utilized a mixed-method design with a questionnaire and interview. Participants experienced significant negative emotions associated with decreased social participation and increased difficulty with meaningful occupations. Findings indicate the need for occupational therapy to address emotional needs to enhance engagement in meaningful occupations and quality of life in individuals with neurological disorders.

The Effect of Activity Participation in Middle-Aged and Older People on the Trajectory of Depression in Later Life: National Cohort Study.

More activity participation is an important means of handling depression and promoting positive aging, but the impact of changes in activity participation on the developmental trajectory of depression has not been fully studied. The purpose of this study is to study the relationship between current activity participation and depression in middle-aged and older people (≥45 years old) and the relationship between activity participation and the developmental trajectory of depression in later life in China. This study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) across 7 years and included a total of 4818 middle-aged and older people (≥45 years old). Controlling for relevant control variables, the latent growth curve model and the cross-lag model were used to assess the effect of changes in activity participation on the depression trajectory in later life and the main lag relationship between activity participation and depression. Activity participation as well as depression were measured using the self-reported activity and health status based on the CHARLS questionnaire. Among the 4818 respondents, the mean values of physical activity participation, social leisure activity participation, and depression ranged from 76.98 (SD 15.16) to 83.95 (SD 5.72), from 7.43 (SD 8.67) to 9.25 (SD 10.16), and from 7.61 (SD 5.72) to 8.82 (SD 6.51), respectively. Our findings revealed that activity participation could be related to depression. Physical activity participation predicted initial depression (β=-0.631, P<.001) and its trajectory (β=0.461, P<.001). However, social leisure activity participation predicted initial depression (β=-0.223, P<.001) but did not predict its trajectory (β=0.067, P=.159). Finally, cross-lag regression analysis further demonstrated the predictive effect of activity participation on depression. This study demonstrates the prediction of activity participation for future depression in the Chinese middle-aged and older populations. The data showed that activity participation is significantly associated with changes in depression and future depression among middle-aged and older people in China. The Chinese government should encourage middle-aged and older people to participate in various activities, which can effectively prevent the aggravation of depression and also have a positive significance for positive aging.

Effects of the Change in Activity Participation During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children's Mental Health.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) containment measures such as school closure have been implemented to curb the spread of the virus among children. Subsequent changes in children's participation in daily activities may exacerbate the risk of mental health problems among them. To examine the relationship between children's activity participation and mental health before and during the pandemic. Pretest-posttest design. Communities in Hong Kong. Children (N = 114; 60 boys, 54 girls; M age 11 yr, 4 mo) who participated in a previous school-based study. Outcomes and Measures: Parents completed the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for their children. Parents completed the questionnaires before and during the pandemic. They reported a significant increase in their children's externalizing problems and a decrease in prosocial behaviors during the pandemic. Increased externalizing problems were found to be significantly associated with less frequency and involvement in school activities and less involvement in community activities. Significant associations were found between decreased prosocial behaviors and reduced participation in all types of activities. Pandemic-related restrictions on children's participation were unfavorably related to their mental health. Strategies and services that promote children's involvement in daily activities are needed to decrease the risk of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. What This Article Adds: Pandemic-related restrictions (e.g., school closure or social distancing) on activity participation unfavorably affect children's mental health. Occupational therapy practitioners can play an important role in promoting children's involvement in daily activities so as to prevent mental health problems among children.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on engagement in activities of daily living in persons with acquired brain injury

ABSTRACT Primary Objectives This study examined (a) the impact of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on engagement in activity participation in persons with acquired brain injury (ABI); and (b) whether changes in activity participation during the pandemic were associated participants’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Research Design Exploratory online survey study. Methods Eighty-seven respondents with ABI and 98 healthy adults (HA) participated in this study. Engagement in activity participation during COVID-19 was calculated as a percentage of the activities participants performed before the pandemic. Main Results Participants with ABI modified their activities less than HA in order to maintain level of engagement in activity participation. They stopped performing more activities during the pandemic compared to HA and compared to their pre-pandemic engagement. Both groups continued to do similar percentage of activities without modifications compared to before the pandemic. Better HRQoL in both groups was predicted by a larger percentage of activities continued and fewer activities stopped. Conclusion Results emphasize the importance of addressing activity participation changes during situations where there are disruptions of the individual’s habits and routines in order to minimize negative consequences of such changes.

Eliminating barriers to nighttime activity participation: the case of on-demand transit in Belleville, Canada.

Demand-responsive technologies are rapidly changing the transportation landscape. The City of Belleville, Ontario has recently replaced its evening and nighttime fixed route bus service with an on-demand transit (ODT) service. Preliminary reports have found a 300% increase in nighttime bus ridership since the implementation of this service, yet to fully understand the social return on the investment in on-demand services, we must also quantify whether and for whom these new services have enabled time savings and increased levels of activity participation. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether riders are satisfied with the service, and whether satisfaction levels have an impact on activity participation. As such, this study explores the determinants of activity participation of ODT users using a custom ridership survey instrument. We collect information on travel experience, satisfaction, and perceived changes in activity participation due to ODT. We then performed a factor analysis and estimated structural equation models to identify the relationships between aspects of the ODT service and activity participation. Our results show that reliability and service quality are the most important aspects of the ODT services in terms of positively influencing activity participation, and that shorter wait times, are most likely to lead to an increase in activity participation. Our findings further suggest that Belleville can eliminate barriers to nighttime activity participation by providing reliable and affordable ODT service, and that ODT can be an effective solution to provide transit services for transport-poor in low demand areas or during low demand periods of the day. Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11116-021-10215-2.

Functional limitations caused by simple bone cysts.

PurposeRelatively little is known about the impact of benign bone lesions on function. The aim of this study was to create a more complete understanding of the impact of functional disability from simple bone cysts (SBCs) by combining qualitative and quantitative methods.MethodsThis study followed a convergent parallel mixed methods design. The quantitative arm included 130 children with SBC and used the Activities Scale for Kids (ASK) to measure physical function. In the qualitative arm ten children and their parents participated in interviews related to activity participation and interactions with their physical and social environments. The two data sets were analyzed independently and then the results were integrated.ResultsThe ASK demonstrated 35% of children achieving the maximum score. In total, 65% of children responded “I had no medical needs” confirming that SBC, while being present throughout childhood, is largely perceived as not a chronic illness. Qualitatively most children reported minimal or no changes in activity participation but reported thinking about being more cautious during play, confirming that SBC affects effort not participation in play.ConclusionThe diagnosis of SBC did not have a significant impact on physical function, but did alter children’s thoughts about physical activity participation. This finding suggests that physical function scores may have unappreciated ceiling effects. Outcome tools that combine both illness perceptions and physical function may help to better assess functional outcomes of SBC.Level of evidenceIII

Measuring Change in Activity Participation of Mental Health Care Users Attending an Occupational Therapy Programme in Rural South Africa

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Lack of evidence on the effect of interventions is one of the several ongoing challenges facing healthcare services in South Africa. The increasing emphasis on routine outcome measurement has urged occupational therapists to demonstrate the impact of their intervention in mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the change in activity participation of the mental health care users attending an occupational therapy programme METHODS: A one-group pre/post-test design was used. The Activity Participation Outcome Measure (APOM) was administered to measure activity participation of 64 mental health care users. Five measurements were done between admission and follow-up after discharge RESULTS: Majority of the participants were between the ages of 20 - 29 and mainly diagnosed with substance use disorders. The effect sizes, Cohen's d (&gt; 0.80) and Cohen's r (&gt;0.37) demonstrated a significant positive change (p=0.00) across all APOM domains during hospitalisation. An insignificant change (p&gt; 0.05) was noted in the effect sizes during the follow-up stages with a substantial decline in some of the APOM domains indicating that patients were not well-integrated into their communities CONCLUSION: This study revealed the importance of measuring change in participation for shaping clinical practice, to ensure meaningful intervention, and successful integration of MHCUs in their communities Keywords: routine outcome measurement, activity participation, occupational therapy, mental health, rural context.

Changes in Activity Participation Among Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline or Objective Cognitive Deficits

Participation in daily activities is crucial for healthy aging. There is limited research on participation of older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), defined as the experience of cognitive deficits with no evidence of objective cognitive deficits. Therefore, this study examined perceived changes in participation in this population, and compared it to perceived changes reported by individuals with objective cognitive deficits. The study aimed to: (1) examine the reported changes in activity participation of older with SCD; (2) investigate differences in the reported changes in participation between individuals with SCD and those with mild or severe objective cognitive deficits; (3) examine the relationship between activity participation, subjective memory, and objective cognitive status; and (4) explore whether subjective memory explains additional variance in activity participation after accounting for age and objective cognitive deficits. Participants were 115 older adults (60+), divided into three groups based on their Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores: (1) SCD (MoCA≥26; n = 66); (2) mild objective cognitive deficits (MoCA = 20–25; n = 34); and (3) severe objective cognitive deficits (MoCA ≤ 19; n = 15). The Activity Card Sort was used to measure participation in instrumental activities of daily living, social, and leisure activities. The Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire—Ability subscale was used to assess subjective memory. We found that individuals with SCD, mild cognitive deficits and severe cognitive deficits reported participation withdrawal to a level of 80, 70, and 58% of their past participation, respectively. A significant between group difference was found on participation [χ2(2) = 16.44, p < 0.01], with the SCD group reporting higher participation than the other two groups. Participation significantly correlated with both cognitive status (r = 0.40, p < 0.01) and subjective memory (r = 0.45, p < 0.05). A regression analysis revealed that subjective memory contributed significantly to the explained variance in participation, beyond that accounted for by objective cognitive deficits and age. Our findings demonstrate the important role of subjective memory problems in activity participation of older adults, even in the absence of objective cognitive deficits.

Changes in Activity Participation After Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) results in impairments in cognitive and motor skills, which may reduce the level of activity participation in people with MS. This study compares past and current levels of activity participation in adults with MS and controls. The relationship between retained activity participation (since diagnosis) and cognitive, motor, functional status, and depression symptoms of persons with MS was examined. Twenty-seven individuals with MS living in the community and 21 controls completed cognitive and motor tests and rated their activity participation (using the Activity Card Sort), depression symptoms, and functional status. The MS group reported significantly lower current activity participation than the control group. Percentage of retained activity participation (from prediagnosis to current) in the MS group correlated with time since diagnosis, executive function and motor skill ability, depression symptoms, and current functional status. Persons with MS report negative changes in activity participation in most aspects of life after diagnosis. These findings call attention to changes in activity participation in people with MS that are directly related to disease symptoms. Therefore, using a quantitative measure of activity participation-the Activity Card Sort-can provide important information to aid the clinician in developing individualized treatment goals for people with MS.

Improving Activity Engagement in Stroke Survivors and Care-Partners Through a Positive Psychology Intervention

Stroke affects activity participation for survivors and their care-partners. We developed a positive-psychology intervention for couples coping with stroke to promote activity engagement and well-being. The purpose of this study was to explore changes in activity participation and engagement experienced by stroke survivors and their care-partners following the intervention and to identify potential clinical implications.

Longitudinal changes in activity participation in the first year post-stroke and association with depressive symptoms

Research question: 1. Does activity participation improve over time in the first year after stroke? 2. What is the association of depressive symptoms on retained activity participation 12-months post-stroke adjusting for neurological stroke severity and age? 3. Is an improvement in activity participation associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms between 3- and 12-months post-stroke? Design: Longitudinal observational study of activity participation and depressive symptoms in ischemic stroke survivors. Participants: A total of 100 stroke survivors with mild neurological stroke severity. Methods: A total of 100 stroke survivors were recruited from five metropolitan hospitals and assessed at 3- and 12-months post-stroke using measures of activity participation (Activity Card Sort-Australia (ACS-Aus)) and depressive symptoms (Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale Structured Interview Guide (MADRS-SIGMA)). Results: There was a significant association between time (pre-stroke to 3-months post-stroke) and current activity participation (−5.2 activities 95% CI −6.8 to −3.5, p < 0.01) and time (pre-stroke to 12-months) and current activity participation (−2.1 activities 95% CI −3.7 to −0.5, p = 0.01). At 12-months post-stroke, a one-point increase in depressive symptoms was associated with a median decrease of 0.3% (95% CI −1.4% to −0.1%, p = 0.02) of retained overall activity participation, assuming similar neurological stroke severity and age. A decrease in depressive symptoms between 3- and 12-months post-stroke was associated with an improvement of 0.31 (95% CI −0.5 to −0.1, p = 0.01) in current activity participation. Conclusions: Activity participation improves during the first year of recovery post-stroke in stroke survivors with mild neurological stroke severity and is associated with depressive symptoms over time and at 12-months post-stroke.Implications for rehabilitationImprovements in participation occur in the first 3-months post-stroke and continue to a lesser degree in the first year after stroke.Depressive symptoms are associated with lower participation at 12-months.A multidimensional approach targeting depressive symptoms and increasing participation in the early months post-stroke and throughout the first-year after stroke is recommended to increase overall recovery following stroke.A focus on increasing leisure activity participation is recommended to improve depressive symptoms. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry identifier: ACTRN12610000987066.

Changes in activity participation following traumatic brain injury

ABSTRACTTraumatic brain injury (TBI) often results in impairments in cognitive skills as well as depression. As a result of these changes in cognition and mood, individuals with TBI may reduce their levels of participation and often report reduced health-related quality of life (HrQOL). The current study compares levels of past and present activity participation between healthy participants and persons with TBI using a client-centred approach in measurement. We additionally examine the relationship between activity participation, emotional functioning and HrQOL in persons with TBI. Fifty-two individuals with TBI who live in the community and 30 healthy age-matched controls performed a battery of cognitive tests and rated their affective symptomatology and activity participation (using the Activity Card Sort Test). Participants with TBI reported significantly lower current activity participation compared to controls. Current levels of activity and participation in the TBI sample were significantly related to age, time since injury, and HrQOL. Additionally, depressive symptomatology was significantly associated with HrQOL, but not with activity participation. Following TBI, levels of activity participation are reduced in most aspects of life, but more profoundly in social activities, high demand leisure activities and household activities. Additionally, high levels of depressive symptoms are associated with negative reports of HrQOL, regardless of current levels of activity participation.

Changes in Activity Participation After Peripheral Nerve Repair

s / Journal of Hand Therapy 27 (2014) e1ee9 e6 Background: Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) has been used to describe patients with nerve entrapment symptoms like neurogenic thoracic outlet, carpal tunnel syndrome, or cubital tunnel syndrome. Traditional rehabilitation treatment approaches include interventions directed specifically at the primary pathology. However, recent evidence suggests that a comprehensive treatment approach may be indicated for patients with non-radicular PNP. Methods: Consecutive patients (n 1⁄4 36) referred to 4 outpatient clinics were considered for participation. To be included, patients presented with an upper limb neural tension sign that reproduced their symptoms, and changes in symptoms were noted with proximal neural tension. Patients were excluded for clinical signs of cervical radiculopathy. Intervention was a multi-modal phased progression developed by the researchers. The primary outcome measures were the quick version of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, andhandquestionnaire (QDASH) andNumeric PainRating Scale (NPRS) while a secondary outcome variablewas grip strength. All measures were collected at baseline, every four visits, and at discharge. Follow up data on the QDASH and NPRS was collected by phone or mail. For all outcome variables, linear mixed models were run across time with 3 factors (baseline, visit 4, and discharge). For patients with follow up data, separate linear mixed models were run. Alpha adjustments were made using Bonferroni corrections. Results: There was a significant main effect for both the QDASH and average pain (p <. 001). Post hoc analyses revealed significant difference between all time points for the QDASH (p < .041) while average pain scores were significantly different from baseline to visit 4 and baseline to discharge (p < .001). There was also a significant main effect for the group of subjects that had follow up data (QDASH and average pain p < .001). However, post hoc testing revealed no significant differences from discharge to follow up for either QDASH or average pain. There were no main effects for grip strength in patients with unilateral symptoms (p1⁄4 .128) or bilateral symptoms (p 1⁄4 .441). Conclusion: Our multi-modal program can be used as a guide for the conservative management of patients with non-radicular PNP. Future studies are needed to determine if this treatment is more effective than no treatment or if a comprehensive treatment is more effective than a localized treatment program. Changes in Activity Participation After Peripheral Nerve Repair VICKI KASKUTAS, EMILY SKOZA, JENNIE SAMUEL, ANNALEISE BOOT, DANIELLE WOJTKIEWICZ, KATHERINE WYCOFF Occupational Therapy, washington university school of medicine,

Improvements in Participation in Usual Daily Activities in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated with Abatacept

Objective To examine changes in activity participation following abatacept treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and which factors contributed to such changes. Methods Data were analyzed from the Abatacept in Inadequate responders to Methotrexate (AIM) and Abatacept Trial in Treatment of Anti-TNF INadequate responders (ATTAIN) clinical trials of abatacept in patients with RA. Activity participation was evaluated by the validated Activity Participation Questionnaire (APaQ), along with measures of clinical response and health-related quality of life. Changes in the APaQ during the two study periods were compared between treatment groups. Multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate the determinants of change in activity participation. The relationship between clinical efficacy measures (including low disease activity state [LDAS], Disease Activity Score 28-defined remission, and European League Against Rheumatism [EULAR] responses) and changes in activity participation were investigated. Results Statistically significant, substantive improvements in activity participation were observed over the entire study period in patients treated with abatacept. Abatacept-treated patients showed improvements from baseline of 8.4 and 7.3 days in activity participation, compared with 4.5 and 1.4 days in the placebo group ( P < 0.005 vs. placebo in both trials), at the end of AIM and ATTAIN, respectively. The Short Form-36 physical and mental component scores, patient global assessment, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index score were found to be the strongest determinants of changes in activity participation. Patients who achieved LDAS, disease remission and good EULAR responses experienced greater improvements in activity participation measures. Conclusions Abatacept treatment substantively and significantly improved patients' ability to participate in their usual activities. The gain in activity was closely related to improvements in clinical status, physical function and quality of life.

Evaluation of a rural chronic disease self-management program

Internationally, the prevalence of long-term health conditions is at epidemic proportions. Australia is no exception. The Australian Government's 'Better Health Initiative' has 5 key strategies to build better health care, one of which is the adoption of self-management and self-management support. Self-management allows people to manage their condition and the consequences it brings to their lives in partnership with their health providers. The purpose of this article was to report both the process and patient outcomes following the introduction of the Stanford Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) into an existing service in an Australian rural setting. Implementation processes were evaluated using semi-structured interviews conducted with managers, lay and health professional course leaders and participants about positive and negative aspects of providing the CDSMP. Participant outcomes were evaluated using a modified pre-test, post-test design to evaluate changes in activity participation and self-management knowledge and skills. Both negative and positive aspects of providing the program were represented by two key themes: (1) program content and quality; and (2) logistics of delivery. Throughout the interviews, managers and leaders, and course participants offered recommendations that were thematically grouped into 3 categories: (1) enhancing quality; (2) improving the logistics; and (3) providing resources. Comparison of activity levels with a community sample indicated that participants had significantly decreased participation levels. Scores on the Health Education Impact Questionnaire v2 (heiQ - RETRO) demonstrated statistically better scores at post-test on the domains of 'self monitoring', 'insight' and 'health service navigation' with a trend towards significance on 3 other domains. Future implementation of CDSMPs in rural areas will be encouraged by these patient outcomes, and informed by the qualitative findings from managers, leaders and course participants.

Measuring changes in activity participation of older Australians: Validation of the Activity Card Sort – Australia

This study explored the psychometric properties of the Australian version of the Activity Card Sort (ACS-Aus), a recently developed measure of activity participation for use with older adults. Concurrent, convergent construct, and discriminative construct validity were examined. The study included 93 Australian adults aged 60-95 years. Participants completed the ACS-Aus, as well as an existing Australian measure of activity participation (The Adelaide Activities Profile) and an Australian measure of subjective well-being (the Personal Well-being Index). The ACS-Aus demonstrated moderate concurrent validity (r = 0.434), moderate convergent construct validity (r = 0.354), and strong discriminative validity (P = 0.000). The World Health Organization has recently promoted participation as an important component of the healthy ageing process. This study has validated the use of the ACS-Aus in measuring participation of community-dwelling older adults in Australia.

Introducing multitasking to the study of travel and ICT: Examining its extent and assessing its potential importance

Personal travel is undertaken principally as a means of access. The Internet now provides an additional form of access, enabling many activities to be reached without recourse to physical mobility by the individual undertaking the activity. However, the social and transport effects of this ‘virtual mobility’ are uncertain. Here, it is argued that the incidence and properties of multitasking are a necessary part of the assessment of such impacts. Participation in activities and, thus, change in activity participation will not be fully measured without consideration of multitasking. This paper presents a review, empirical evidence and discussion to support this hypothesis. Emergent from an examination of the literature and examined by new empirical evidence are three observations: (1) failure to consider multitasking leads to the underreporting of key activities; (2) misrepresentation of activity participation tends to be more pronounced for certain groups; (3) lack of awareness of multitasking could lead to flawed measurement and misrepresentation of behaviour change. Further to these observations, study findings suggest that multitasking behaviour varies according to whether the primary activity is being undertaken online or offline. Thus, the consideration of multitasking is likely to have important implications for the study of travel, Internet use and interactions between the two.