Weather Changes Research Articles

Bottom-up perspectives on “climate adaptation” from “vulnerable” coastal communities: a political ecology perspective from Taiwan

ABSTRACT The global climate crisis severely affects coastal communities worldwide. Not only do coastal communities have to cope with the effects of the climate crisis, such as sea-level rise, increased flooding, changing weather patterns, droughts and increased salinisation, they also have to cope with other non-climate related shocks and stresses. Many studies often focus on the “climate adaptation” processes of these “vulnerable” communities in linear and cause-and-effects ways. This study approaches the concept of climate adaptation and vulnerability from a political ecology perspective in the context of coastal Taiwan – a region heavily affected by climate change. Through in-depth interviews, this study argues that households have developed various strategies to adapt not only to environmental changes (e.g. increased cold spells and flooding) but also to top-down flood hazard mitigation planning and infrastructure, changing demographics, and encroaching solar panel companies (for the “greater good of the nation”). Furthermore, decisions made in the past have a direct impact today, such as land subsidence due to the massive shift towards aquaculture several decades ago. These factors showcase how adaptation and vulnerability are relational concepts being coshaped by both structural determinants, such as political economy and power relations, and micro-level factors, such as personal aspirations and people’s life courses.

Mitigation strategies can alleviate power system vulnerability to climate change and extreme weather: a case study on the Italian grid

Abstract This study explores compounding impacts of climate change on power system’s load and generation, emphasising the need to integrate adaptation and mitigation strategies into investment planning. We combine existing and novel empirical evidence to model impacts on: (i) air-conditioning demand; (ii) thermal power outages; (iii) hydro-power generation shortages. Using a power dispatch and capacity expansion model, we analyse the Italian power system’s response to these climate impacts in 2030, integrating mitigation targets and optimising for cost-efficiency at an hourly resolution. We outline different meteorological scenarios to explore the impacts of both average climatic changes and the intensification of extreme weather events. We find that addressing extreme weather in power system planning will require an extra 5–8 GW of photovoltaic (PV) capacity, on top of the 50 GW of the additional solar PV capacity required by the mitigation target alone. Despite the higher initial investments, we find that the adoption of renewable technologies, especially PV, alleviates the power system’s vulnerability to climate change and extreme weather events. In fact, renewable energy sources are generally less vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as rising temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns, compared to thermal power and hydropower generation. Furthermore, enhancing short-term storage with lithium-ion batteries is crucial to counterbalance the reduced availability of dispatchable hydro generation.

Body Condition and Blood Biochemistry of Free-Range Caiman latirostris in Northeast Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

The Atlantic Forest broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) inhabits regions within one of the world's most ecologically diverse ecosystems, yet few studies have explored the relationship between body condition, blood biochemistry, and environmental factors in the wild. Our study investigated the effects of sex, ontogeny, habitat, and environmental variables on the body condition and blood biochemistry of free-ranging caimans from the state of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil. From 2020 to 2022, we captured 75 caimans across three sites in different seasons. Results revealed sex-specific responses to seasonal and Interannual weather changes, with females showing higher body condition in the wet season, while males peaked in the dry season. Elevated glucose, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, and fructosamine were linked to higher body condition and larger individuals, while elevated aspartate aminotransferase to low body condition. Seasonal rainfall influenced blood parameters, with the dry season associated with higher creatinine, calcium, and alanine aminotransferase levels, and the wet season with higher total protein, sodium, and potassium. Differences in glucose, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase across sites pointed to physiological effects of human activities. Blood biochemical values varied widely, with some exceeding reported species ranges. These findings highlight the need to interpret physiological data within the context of local habitat and environmental conditions. Conservation strategies should go beyond species presence and habitat preservation, incorporating pollution control. Our study advances understanding of Caiman latirostris ecophysiology, offering valuable insights for the conservation and management of crocodilian populations in both wild and captive environments.

CLIMATE CHANGE AS A SECURITY THREAT. LOSSES, DAMAGES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FUNDING POLICY

This paper is an argue for considering climate change as a security threat, with all the advantages, disadvantages and implications involved in. Our work provides a condensed scientific explanation of how global warming leads to climate change and extreme weather events, and then frame climate change through both a narrow and broad understanding of security. The main research questions addressed in the study are: In what sense might climate change be viewed as a security threat? What are the advantages and disadvantages of viewing climate change as a security threat? What are the funding policy implications in the context of existing climate justice models? With appropriate literature references we argue that climate change can be viewed as a security threat because of its consequences for migration, civil war and interstate conflict, and for human security. Therefore we address the main advantages for considering climate change a security threat (namely the chance for states to prepare for worst-case scenarios) and the main disadvantages (namely the securitisation of climate change). An outline of the components of ‘loss and damage’ policies was made, explaining exactly what sort of measures are required by developing countries and climate-vulnerable countries to respond to climate disasters. Next, four different models for prescribing responsibility onto developed countries for funding climate justice were assessed and critically evaluated. Lastly, concluding remarks covered the overall need for caution when discussing climate change in a security context and the need to ensure a balance is struck between militaristic and humanitarian approaches to climate change.

Contributions to Architectural and Urban Resilience Through Vulnerability Assessment: The Case of Mozambique Island’s World Heritage

Mozambique Island, a UNESCO World Heritage property, faces significant challenges due to climate change and extreme weather events. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for assessing morphological vulnerabilities and enhancing urban resilience in this unique historical urban landscape. The research methodology involves a thorough analysis of historical cartography, urban evolution, topography, and vernacular architecture, combined with recent conservation assessments and case studies from other climate-vulnerable regions. This study reveals the island’s dual urban structure, comprising the Stone and Lime town and the Macuti town, each with distinct morphological characteristics and vulnerabilities. Historical maps and topographical analysis demonstrate how the island’s geography has shaped its urban development, with the Stone and Lime town built on higher ground and the Macuti town situated at or below sea level, increasing its flood risk. The research highlights the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with resilience strategies while respecting the authenticity and integrity of the World Heritage property. Key findings include the need for a GIS-based management tool for continuous conservation assessment, and the crucial role of community engagement in implementing resilience mechanisms. This study contributes to the broader discourse on cultural heritage as a contributor to architectural and urban resilience, offering valuable insights for other World Heritage properties facing similar climate challenges. The proposed framework emphasizes the importance of balancing heritage preservation with adaptive strategies, while enhancing the island’s resilience facing climate-related threats.

Impacts of Solar Geoengineering on Projected Climate of South Asia

ABSTRACTSolar geoengineering (SG) is an interim solution to combat global warming, which involves scattering back a tiny fraction of the incoming sunlight. Hence, SG and its potential impacts are important to study for the identification of changing weather patterns over regions of climate vulnerable South Asia. This study explores the projected spatio‐temporal patterns of two meteorological parameters, temperature and precipitation, under SG numerical experiment (stratospheric aerosol injection), relative to projected climate change. Furthermore, future projections of same meteorological parameters without SG under a representative concentration pathway (RCP 4.5) will also be studied for comparative analysis. Offsetting climate parameters are associated with multiple risk factors. Thus, both SG and non‐SG scenarios will be studied for the future time period. The results indicate that the temperature reduces by −0.62°C under the SG G4 scenario and spatial distribution patterns of temperature also depicts an overall cooling effects during the G4 implementation (2020–2029) and continuation (2030–2069) phase. Moreover, on a regional scale, a cold bias (less severe) is projected as compared to projected climate under RCP 4.5. Our findings show that, precipitation is also projected to be decreased by −0.02 mm day−1. Dry bias pattern is projected during implementation phase only. The G4 based SG continuation and termination (2070–2090) phases depict no drastic change in precipitation over South Asia.

The nutritional feed gap: Seasonal variations in ruminant nutrition and knowledge gaps in relation to food security in Southern Africa

AbstractLivestock production is critical to food security and rural livelihoods across Southern Africa. Despite progress in livestock science research in recent years, the seasonal availability and quality of feed remains one of the key challenges to livestock productivity in Southern Africa. In particular, dry weather conditions, the lack of rain and lower temperatures in the dry season cause herbaceous plants to die back and browse species to defoliate, limiting the abundance, quality, and variety of feed available. This creates a ‘Nutritional Feed Gap’, defined here as the combined effect of the sharp reduction in both forage quantity and quality from the wet to the dry season and the risk that it poses to ruminant production systems and the food security of the people and communities reliant on them. Understanding the nature and extent of how seasonality impacts ruminant production potential can thus contribute towards mitigating negative impacts of extreme weather and climate change on food systems. In this review, we characterise this nutritional feed gap in terms of forage abundance and nutrition as well as discussing how climate change may shape the future nutritional landscape. Whilst some forage nutrient concentrations varied little by season, crude protein and phosphorus were consistently found to decrease from the wet season to the dry season. We also identify a shortfall in primary research that assess both forage quality and quantity simultaneously, which forms part of a broader knowledge gap of our limited understanding of the impact of limiting factors to ruminant production on short and long-term food security across Southern Africa.

Pengaruh Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Pertumbuhan Berbagai Jenis Tumbuhan; Bunga Kertas (Bougenvillea Glabra), Tasbih (Canna Indica), Glodokan Tiang (P. Longifolia), Pucuk Merah (S. Myrtifolium) Dan Lamtoro (Leulamtoro Leucocephala). Di Wilayah Kota Medan Sum

Climate change refers to changes in the pattern and intensity of climate elements over a specific period, typically compared to a 30-year average. These changes can include shifts in average weather conditions or changes in the distribution of weather events. This research was conducted around Jl. Pancing, Medan, North Sumatra, on December 6, 2024, with the aim of analyzing the impact of climate change on the growth of various plant species in urban areas. The research method used is quantitative descriptive. The results show that some plants in the area demonstrate a good ability to adapt to fluctuating temperature, rainfall, and light intensity. Plants such as leucaena, Canna indica, Monoon longifolium, and Bougainvillea glabra exhibit adaptation mechanisms in terms of morphology, physiology, and ecology, enabling them to survive and grow under changing weather conditions due to climate change.

Alapa-APP: Developing an Innovative Android Application for Cloud Type Identification

This study aims to develop "Alapa-APP," an Augmented Reality (AR) Cloud Identifier application designed to help users identify cloud types and predict rainfall. The app provides an easy-to-use tool that delivers real-time weather updates, allowing users to plan their activities effectively while promoting awareness of weather preparedness to enhance safety and reduce inconvenience during rainfall. Leveraging AR technology, which overlays digital information on real-world visuals, the app offers a modern and engaging approach to weather forecasting. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental design, the researchers collected data from 15 IT professionals through adaptive questionnaires distributed via Google Forms. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with Jamovi software, highlighting the app’s accuracy and reliability in cloud classification and weather prediction. Powered by advanced machine learning algorithms and an updated cloud database, the app provides precise information on temperature, humidity, wind speed, and precipitation. Its user-friendly interface, low energy consumption, and robust performance make it suitable for various users, including students, teachers, and outdoor workers. Stability tests confirmed minimal crashes and seamless functionality, while its unique AR feature distinguishes it from conventional weather apps. By offering timely and accurate updates, Alapa-APP ensures users are well-prepared for sudden weather changes, promoting safety and reducing risks. This innovative tool enhances daily planning while making weather forecasting accessible, practical, and engaging for its users.

Renewables in Countries of North Africa: Problems and Prospects of Use

The article examines the approach of the North African countries to the development of renewable energy sources (RES). It is shown that there are a number of factors that reinforce the need for the development of renewable energy in the region, including the unstable macroeconomic situation, population growth and urbanization, climate change, the EU policy on geographical diversification of energy suppliers, and the EU’s reorientation to alternative energy sources. At the same time, energy transfer carries significant risks both for the functioning of energy systems and for the economy. The development of green energy requires large investments, often inaccessible to African countries, and access to technology; at the same time, the inclusion of renewable energy in energy systems makes the latter less stable due to the emergence of dependence on weather changes. In addition, the countries of North Africa have their own hydrocarbon resources, and the refusal to use them is simply illogical. When it comes to costs, green energy is more expensive than traditional energy. In this regard, unconditional adherence to the EU’s energy policy and climate agenda cannot be considered an optimal scenario for the countries of the region. The study showed that the countries of North Africa, having announced overly ambitious goals for the development of renewable energy, faced the inability to implement plans. In this regard, the task of developing green energy should not be more significant than the task of maintaining the functioning of the energy industry as a whole, and renewable energy sources should not replace but only complement traditional energy.

Does The Greenhouse Adoption Improve Farmers’ Welfare? Evidence from Melon Farmers in Indonesia

Greenhouse technology presents a promising solution to the challenges of agricultural productivity and sustainability, particularly for small-scale farmers facing climate change, resource constraints, and unpredictable weather conditions. This study was the first attempt to investigate the impact of greenhouse adoption on farmers’ welfare which focused on household income per capita and food security status. The samples of this study were conducted 201 melon farmers in East Java, Indonesia. This study analyzed data to discern the effects of greenhouse adoption on farmers’ welfare by employing endogenous switching regression to address potential endogeneity issues. The analysis revealed that greenhouse adoption significantly and positively affected household income per capita and food security status. Through rigorous data analysis, this research had contributed valuable insights into the socio-economic implications of adopting greenhouses in agricultural practices. The results highlighted the role of greenhouses in boosting farmers’ resilience, improving livelihoods, and enhancing food security, providing a strong case for promoting greenhouse technology in rural agricultural practices.

The Effect of Climate Change on Allergen and Irritant Exposure.

As the effects of anthropogenic climate change have become more apparent, the influences of climate and extreme weather events on health have continued to gain attention. The fact Earth has warmed over the past century is indisputable and the rate of warming is more alarming. As a result of anthropogenic climate change an alteration in the air mixture has occurred over time. These changes have increased human exposures to respiratory irritants such as ground level ozone, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A significant amount of research has investigated the effects of climate change on aeroallergens which has shown elevated temperatures and increased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels have produced prolonged and more robust pollen seasons for most taxa studied. In addition, it appears possible that exposure of some plants to air pollution may result in more allergenic pollen. Increased human exposures to these respiratory irritants and aeroallergens appears to disproportionality effect vulnerable populations throughout the world. It is essential to understand climate change is more than an environmental inconvenience and realize the effects to human health are directly related and conceivably immeasurable. It's vital to conduct additional research related to climate change and health which is collaborative, multisectoral and transdisciplinary. There should be a focus on risk reduction, mitigation and preparedness for climate change and extreme weather events for all populations around the globe.

Smart Materials in Green Architecture: The Role of ETFE and Phase Change Materials in Sustainable Building Design

Given the importance of energy in achieving environmental sustainability in green buildings, one of the most significant solutions is to reduce physical building consumption and instead use renewable energy to prevent the depletion of natural resources and environmental pollution. Utilizing advanced technologies and intelligent systems in architecture is one of the methods that can achieve energy management in buildings and ensure comfortable conditions for the occupants of green buildings. In the field of future-oriented architecture, it is expected that in the future, materials and technologies developed over the past century will define the different challenges ahead to elevate sustainable development in the building industry. Using solar energy, one of the latest innovations in buildings, and other measures such as ETFE panels (a green roof idea with an intelligent system) and thermochromic materials, which change color to minimize heat exchange between interior and exterior spaces of the building, show that today's world faces energy crises. The use of smart materials tailored to environmental conditions can significantly impact building design and have beneficial effects in terms of compatibility with the environment, increased lifespan of materials, and the adaptability of materials to changing weather conditions, thus aiding in achieving sustainable architecture. Therefore, this article aims to introduce intelligent materials and their applications and benefits in green building architecture based on library studies. The primary goal is to identify and highlight the most crucial aspects of using intelligent materials and their performance in buildings and how these materials behave and perform in architectural designs. The best way to leverage the benefits of these smart energy-saving materials and management for achieving sustainable architecture will be discussed.

Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Using PV Data and Sky Images in an Auto Cross Modal Correlation Attention Multimodal Framework

The accurate prediction of photovoltaic (PV) power generation is crucial for improving virtual power plant (VPP) efficiency and power system stability. However, short-term PV power forecasting remains highly challenging due to the significant impact of weather changes, especially the complexity of cloud motion. To this end, this paper proposes an end-to-end innovative deep learning framework for data fusion based on multimodal learning, which utilizes a new auto cross modal correlation attention (ACMCA) mechanism designed in this paper for feature extraction and fusion by combining historical PV power generation time-series data and sky image data, thereby enhancing the model’s prediction performance under complex weather conditions. In this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed model was verified through a large number of experiments, and the experimental results showed that the model’s forecast skill (FS) reached 24.2% under all weather conditions 15 min in advance, and 24.32% under cloudy conditions with the largest fluctuations. This paper also compared the model with a variety of existing unimodal and multimodal models, respectively. The experimental results showed that the model in this paper outperformed other benchmark methods in all indices under different weather conditions, demonstrating stronger adaptability and robustness.

Forecast assessment of water regime efficiency and changes in water consumption on drained lands of Western Polissia of Ukraine in a changing climate

The article presents forecast data on the impact of changing weather and climatic conditions on evaporation and water demand on the drained lands of Western Polissia of Ukraine in different periods of their development. These data are the basis for the development of appropriate adaptive measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of changing weather and climate conditions on drained lands and increasing the efficiency of their use. Computer simulation modeling of various climatic scenarios was planned to accomplish the objective. The forecast was made through a machining experiment based on the implementation of a corresponding complex of forecast-simulation models regarding the main regime-technological variable parameters of drainage systems, local climatic conditions, water regime, water management technologies, and productivity of drained lands for schematized natural, agrotechnical, and meliorative conditions. Vegetation values of total evaporation and water demand formation of drained lands were determined for the long-term forecast module of water supply regarding variable climatic and agro-meliorative conditions. The technological efficiency of different irrigation technologies (subsoil irrigation, sprinkler irrigation) of drained lands was evaluated. The research showed that in the Western Polissia of Ukraine, the water supply module for irrigating drained lands varies significantly depending on the type of crops, drained soil (mineral, peat), irrigation technologies, and heat and moisture supply conditions during the vegetation period. It has been experimentally determined that under current climatic conditions, the value of the water supply module is 2.9 times higher than the existing recommended design values, and under the predicted conditions of their change, this excess is 5.2 times. At the same time, the water demand of cultivated crops increases almost 2–3 times and determines the need to increase water consumption for moistening drained lands in conditions of sufficient water shortage. It has been established that the main content of the necessary adaptive measures is to increase the moisture availability of soils with regulated water regime by switching from periodic to regular moistening of them through the use of appropriate resource-saving technologies for regulating the water regime.

ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MEMAHAMI KONSEP IPAS DI KELAS II SD NO. 5 TAMAN

The aim of this research is to identify the perceptions of teachers and students in understanding the concept of science and technology learning in class II of SD No. 5 Parks. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The instrument used was an interview. The subjects of this research were teachers and students of class II with a randomly selected number of students purposive sampling namely students who experience learning difficulties out of 15 students. The research location is SD N 5 Taman. Data collection procedures in this research include semi-structured interviews with teachers and students. Data were analyzed using analysis: data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and data triangulation. The results of students' understanding of science lessons vary. Some students find science lessons interesting because of their connection to nature and everyday life, while others have difficulty understanding abstract concepts such as the water cycle, weather changes, and the nature of objects. This difficulty is often influenced by the use of complex scientific terms and explanations that proceed too quickly. Teachers admit that these concepts are difficult to understand without the help of visual tools or concrete demonstrations. While visual aids such as pictures, simple models, and videos can be helpful, their effectiveness depends on each student's learning style. Obstacles faced in teaching science and technology include limited facilities and infrastructure, inadequate time allocation, and variations in students' ability to understand the material. This research shows the need for more adaptive teaching strategies and the provision of adequate resources to improve students' understanding of science lessons.

Building Sustainable Supply Chain Resilience: Insights From a Mixed‐Method Study

ABSTRACTGrowing concerns regarding climate change and extreme weather events have spurred heightened interest among supply chain professionals, researchers, and policymakers, leading to increased focus on supply chain resilience. This study aims to develop a model specifically geared toward enhancing supply chain endurance and contribute to the ongoing debate on supply chain resilience. Employing a mixed‐method approach, the research initially utilizes the qualitative methodology to delineate the facets of supply chain endurance. Subsequently, through a multiple cross‐sectional survey design, the study empirically examines the relationship between supply chain endurance, a firm's supply chain resilience, and community resilience. The results engender discussions on fortifying firms' supply chain endurance by cultivating adaptive leadership, adaptability, visibility, flexibility, collaboration, redundancy, and conditioning. This research underscores the significance of nurturing supply chain endurance capabilities in bolstering a firm's sustainable supply chain resilience and the resilience of the broader community.

Extensive surveillance of mosquitoes and molecular investigation of arboviruses in Central Iran

Background: Arboviruses are one of the greatest threats to animal and public health. Culicidae family is one of the most important vectors for the transmission of arboviruses in the world. According to the geographical, demographic, and climatic features of Qom city in Iran, it can be a suitable region for vectors and therefore transmission of arboviruses. Methods: In this study, which was conducted between 2019 and 2020 in different parts of Qom city, 83 414 mosquitoes were collected, and after evaluating the species of mosquitoes based on morphological and molecular detection, the presence of alphaviruses, flaviviruses, and phleboviruses were evaluated using genus-specific RT-PCR assays. Results: In this study, Culex tarsalis, Culex theilerivoucher, Culex quinquefasciatus and most importantly for the first time in Iran C. tarsalis were detected. No alphavirus, flavivirus, and phlebovirus infection were identified in collected mosquitoes. Conclusion: Climatic and weather changes are the basis for the growth and spread of vectors and, consequently, the spread of arboviral diseases, and this issue seems to be very important to the necessity of increasing and continuing entomological and virological studies.

Decoding climate change and mapping extreme weather hotspots in Odisha through historical weather analysis

Decoding climate change and mapping extreme weather hotspots in Odisha through historical weather analysis

Analysis of the impact of high temporal resolution tropospheric parameters on GNSS station coordinate and troposphere estimation

Abstract Troposphere modelling accuracy can seriously influence the performance of precise global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning. The temporal interpolation accuracies of troposphere parameters become important with the improvement in troposphere modelling, especially during the periods of severe weather changes. In this study, a one-month experiment was conducted for 10 EUREF Permanent GNSS Network stations to analyse the temporal interpolation errors of numerical weather model derived troposphere parameters and their influences on GNSS station coordinate and troposphere estimation. The root mean square of the differences between the 1- and 6-hourly European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis v5-derived troposphere parameters are 0.72/11.52 mm for the zenith hydrostatic/zenith wet delay (ZWD), while they are 7.09/91.84 mm for the slant hydrostatic/wet delay at a 3 ∘ elevation angle. The corresponding influences on the estimated upper component and ZWD are 1.28 and 0.79 mm, respectively, in the daily static Precise Point Positioning ambiguity resolution solutions. However, the accuracy improvements are insignificant in the daily static solutions, mainly due to the drop of temporal interpolation errors with increasing elevation angles and the influence of other unmodeled systematic errors. In the 4-hourly static solutions, the accuracies of the up component improve 0.51 mm (5.9% in relative) and 0.29 mm (3.5% in relative) during the severe and stable periods, respectively. These impacts cannot be ignored in some GNSS subdaily applications, for example, monitoring non-tidal ocean loading effects, bedrock and monument thermal elastic effects, etc.