Route Changes Research Articles

Research on Cargo Volume Prediction and Personnel Scheduling in Logistics Centers

With the rise of e-commerce logistics networks, cargo volume prediction in sorting centers has become increasingly important and a key research topic. The aim of this study is to predict the daily cargo volume and daily cargo volume of 57 sorting centers in the future, in order to optimize the human resource allocation of logistics network sorting centers. LSTM model, ARIMA model, and integer programming model based on genetic algorithm were established according to the different problems. Regarding problem one: In the task of predicting daily and hourly cargo volume for the next 30 days, the ARIMA model is used. The ARIMA model has shown advantages in short-term forecasting and has been applied to predict the hourly cargo volume of each sorting center within 30 days. By combining these two models, the final prediction data can be obtained. Regarding problem two: Draw a directed graph to visually display the data and provide visual support for subsequent analysis. Based on the average transportation volume of sorting centers and changes in transportation routes over the past 90 days, use a mathematical model to calculate the rate of change in cargo volume after changing transportation routes. For sorting centers that have not been affected, sum the rate of change and calculate the average. Finally, use mathematical models to calculate the revised predicted daily and hourly cargo volumes. Regarding problem three: constructing an integer linear programming model based on genetic algorithm, whose decision variables involve the attendance of formal and temporary workers in different shifts of each sorting center. In the model construction, strict constraints were set to ensure the completion of cargo volume processing, prioritize the use of formal workers, and maintain a balance of actual hourly labor efficiency. Use a linear programming solver to accurately calculate the optimal attendance allocation for each shift in each sorting center. Regarding problem four: Taking SC1 sorting center as an example, and based on the prediction results of problem two, a shift attendance plan model for formal and temporary workers was constructed. On this basis, this study aims to minimize the total number of formal and temporary workers as the objective function, and considers the constraint conditions that the attendance rate of each formal worker does not exceed 85% and the continuous attendance days do not exceed 7 days. I wrote code to solve the model and successfully obtained an optimized scheduling plan. **************** ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS**************** This work is supported by ministry of education industry-university cooperative education project (Grant No.: 231106441092432), the research and practice of integrating "curriculum thought and politics" into the whole process of graduation design of Mechanical engineering major: (Grant. No.: 30120300100-23-yb-jgkt03), research on the integration mechanism of "course-training-competition-creation-production" for innovation and entrepreneurship of mechanical engineering majors in applied local universities (Grant. No.: CXKT202405), Mechanical manufacturing equipment design school-level "gold class" construction project (Grant. No.: 30120324001).

Preparation, characterisation and pharmacokinetics evaluation of dry power inhalation formulations of Polymyxin B

Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) has strong invasiveness, not only causing local lung inflammation, but also capable of penetrating alveolar epithelial cells and entering the bloodstream, thereby triggering systemic infection. This study aims at develop an alternative and effective drug delivery system through the inhalation therapy to address the limitations of polymyxin B (PMB) intravenous treatment for multidrug-resistant CRPA pneumonia, such as low lung concentration and nephrotoxicity, while also achieving systemic therapeutic effects. We prepared PMB dry powder inhalers (DPIs) using air jet milling and spray drying techniques. The prepared DPIs were characterized in terms of micromorphology, geometric particle size distribution, density, flowability, and surface roughness. Furthermore, we assessed the in vitro lung deposition and antibacterial efficacy of these inhalers.To compare the systemic exposure following changes in administration routes, blood concentration measurements were conducted for different routes of administration Spherical PMB particles, measuring 3 microns in diameter, achieved the highest fine particle fraction (FPF) of 53%. When particles transition from regular shapes to irregular blocks, a decrease of 1 micron in particle size results in an approximate 20% increase in FPF. Moreover, the FPF of PMB particles combined with smooth-surfaced lactose is approximately 10% less than that of PMB particles combined with rough-surfaced mannitol. The bioavailability of PMB DPI reached a peak of 77.46% within 10 minutes. In a murine model of acute lung infection, treatment with PMB DPI significantly reduced the bacterial load in lung tissues compared to the control group, with no observed fatalities, in contrast to the outcomes of intravenous PMB administration. In summary, particles with reduced size and increased sphericity displayed a greater FPF led to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety.

Optimizing a link-based travel incentive scheme integrating personal carbon trading for low-carbon commuting.

The pressing need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and optimize traffic demand underlines the importance of effective travel demand management. Previous studies have explored budget-based and aggregated incentive programs, which diminish a heavy financial burden on governments and tend to be limited in contributing to effective behavior change in practice due to budget issues. This study proposes a personal carbon trading travel incentive (PCTTI) mechanism, to encourage private car commuters using low-carbon travel routes. The revenue obtained from the sale of carbon emission reductions, resulting from changes in commuter routes, serves as a partial budget for the incentives under PCTTI. To determine the optimal incentives, we developed an incentive scheme optimization model based on a bi-level programing model. Numerical analysis reveals the substantial potential of PCTTI to reduce carbon emissions and travel costs in the road traffic system, but also highlights the sensitivity of these results to the carbon trading price and the commuters' value of time. Specifically, the effectiveness of PCTTI diminishes when the carbon price drops below $6.494 per ton or when commuters' value of time exceeds $3.99 per hour. These results indicate that the PCTTI mechanism offers a scalable and economically sustainable approach to enhance travel demand management and achieve environmental benefits.

GSI-based Timing Indices Reveal Unexpected Migratory Pattern in Alaskan Bycatch of Fraser River Sockeye Salmon

Marine distributions and migration routes of salmon influence when, where, and by whom the salmon may be caught (e.g., Michielsens and Martens 2022). Information regarding the high seas distributions of salmon and their returns to coastal areas during maturation tend to rely on older data with regional resolution (McKinnell et al. 2012), but changes in distributions and migration routes over time are likely complex with intra-specific variation within regions (Shelton et al. 2021). For managers of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from the Fraser River, near the southern limit of the species range in North America, this is a poor foundation from which to understand, plan for, and adapt to the consequences of climate change. For example, Fraser sockeye bycatch comprises < 1% of Alaska’s District 104 pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) fishery, but episodically constitutes a non-negligible fraction of the total Fraser sockeye recruitment in some years (e.g., a record high estimate of 13% in 2019; Pacific Salmon Commission 2021). Regarding catches of Fraser sockeye in this fishery, the Pacific Salmon Treaty states, “the extent of these incidental catches is unpredictable from year to year” (Pacific Salmon Commission 2020). As the North Pacific Ocean warms, however, the rearing distributions and homeward migrations of Fraser sockeye could shift northward to cooler waters (Healey 2011; McKinnell et al. 2012), resulting in an increased frequency of high exploitation rates in northern fisheries. Understanding the current migration is critical to understanding the consequences of future changes. We used Genetic Stock Identification (GSI) to compare stock compositions in coastal fisheries in southeast Alaska and southern British Columbia to learn about variation among Fraser sockeye stocks in marine distribution and migratory behaviour.

A Comprehensive Review of Routing in 4G/5G Cellular Networks: Challenges, Trends, and Future Directions

The development of fourth generation (4G) and fifth generation (5G) technologies has caused great havoc in favor of telecommunications, leading to new areas of application. These technologies, which provide very high-speed data transfer, expand their range of services from the user's perspective. It is very important to thoroughly investigate the internal mechanisms used by current and modern cellular networks, involving the use of signaling protocols and routing components. Several issues related to the functioning of cellular networks are the subject of many scientific publications. For that reason, this paper does not consider this network, with a focus on the routing process as redundant. The subject is limited to existing cellular systems, which include both fourth and fifth generation technologies, namely 4G and 5G. The four key features of this review are the terminological changes that have taken place with the evolution of telecommunications technologies, as well as routing mechanisms in cellular networks, next-generation cellular network challenges like vehicle networks, future cellular networks, network slicing, and multi-access edge computing. We characterized our work by describing the inconsistencies observed in the literature on cellular systems. Similarly, this paper identified specific limitations of next-generation cellular systems. In a similar vein, this paper has characterized the 4G and 5G technologies in next-generation cellular networks. Recent attempts at changes in routing have addressed problems related to signaling protocol operations and concerns of future cellular networks. Typically, three criteria are evaluated: low behavioral cost, lack of network congestion, and appropriate route rate. These aspects are mainly considered in the first phase of route research, and the search for the optimization scheme of relevant cellular systems has deepened.

Unintentional medication discrepancies at care transitions: prevalence and their impact on post-discharge emergency visits in critically ill older adults

BackgroundUnintentional medication discrepancies during care transitions pose a significant risk for medication errors, particularly in critically ill older patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of such discrepancies during care transitions and their impact on post-discharge emergency department (ED) visits in this patient population.MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included patients aged 65 and older who were on chronic medications and admitted to the intensive care units of emergency departments (ED-ICUs) between 2019 and 2020. We evaluated unintentional medication discrepancies, including omissions or changes in medication type, dose, frequency, formulation, or administration route without clear clinical justification during care transition. The association between these discrepancies and post-discharge ED visits was analyzed using a multivariable Cox-proportional hazard model.ResultsOf the 339 patients analyzed, 68% encountered unintentional medication discrepancies at some point during care transitions, with prevalence of 35% at admission, 20% during transfer, and 49% at discharge. After adjusting for confounding factors, patients with unintentional medication discrepancies had a twofold higher risk of ED visits within 30 days of discharge (HR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.06–4.30).ConclusionThis study demonstrated a substantial prevalence of unintentional medication discrepancies among critically ill older adults during care transitions, significantly increasing the risk of ED visits within a month of discharge. The findings highlight the crucial need for systematic identification and management of medication discrepancies throughout the care transition process to enhance patient safety.

Intensive care unit-acquired dysphagia – change in feeding route after a standardized dysphagia assessment in neurocritical care patients

Background: Dysphagia is a frequent finding on intensive care units (ICUs) and is associated with increased reintubation rates, pneumonia, and prolonged ICU-stay. Only a limited numbers of ICUs have access to a Speech and Language Pathologist (SLP). Hence, it falls upon the critical care team to estimate dysphagia risk and define the safest feeding route. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate if the feeding route established by the ICU-team is changed after a standardized dysphagia assessment (DA) by an SLP. Furthermore, we tried to identify predictors for the need of a SLP assessment looking at the change in feeding route (CIFR) after DA. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients consecutively admitted for at least 48 h in 2018, to the ICU of the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery. Following variables were assessed: Referral to an SLP, feeding route before and after DA by an SLP, main diagnosis, and ventilation parameters. Results: From 497 included patients (65 years, IQR 51–77), 148 received a DA, confirming dysphagia in 125 subjects. DA by the SLP resulted in a significant CIFR, with 32 (21.6%) subjects receiving stricter diets, and in 29 (19.6%) cases a reduction of dietary recommendations. 50 patients lacked readiness for oral intake due to severely affected oral phase or reduced consciousness. Conclusion: Dysphagia is a frequent finding in the Neuro-ICU. Assessment of dysphagia-risk and safest feeding route differ significantly between the SLP and the critical care team. Besides implementation of standardized operating procedures for DA, the presence of ICU-specific trained SLP should be mandatory.

Assessing Urban Land Parcel Dynamics Driven by Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) as an Exclusive Transit Route

The addition of transit routes transforms urban development by disrupting the existing equilibrium that land parcels have achieved over time and promotes revitalization. It is based on the relationships between land parcel variables and transit route characteristics, including feeder routes and road infrastructure. Traditional parametric methods for explaining this relationship have problems with multicollinearity and generalizability while non-parametric methods are not used with the multiple variables of both transit route and land parcel changes over time. This study applies the C5.0 decision tree algorithm, a non-parametric model that creates a decision tree with leaf nodes that predict the relationship. Using the BRT Lahore case study, the time series data of parcel variables in the 2 km circle of five transit stations before BRT 2010 and after BRT 2018, as well as transit route characteristics including feeder routes and road infrastructure, were collected and analyzed. The model identified eight important predictors and explained the relationship in the form of a flowchart. Property condition emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by property value, parking, population density, land use, building height, access routes, and distance from transit stations, in that order. The results show that well-developed transport infrastructure, parking spaces, and feeder routes enable sustainable urban transformation.

2D Titanium Carbide (MXene): Band Gap Modulation

In the past few years, due to the growing demand for energy worldwide, research interest has been triggered to boost the photovoltaic performance of solar cells. Solar cells, the green energy processing media source, require an excellent absorber material to collect the incident photons and generate electrical energy. In this aspect, perovskite materials have been widely used as the absorber layer forming perovskite solar cells (PSC). Due to its tunable band gap, high charge transportation, reduced grain boundary and surface recombination properties, perovskite materials are extensively used in solar cells. Various research has been conducted on the upgradation of PSCs, mainly focusing on enhancing power conversion efficiency (PCE), stability, toxicity of Pb-based PSCs, less production cost, easy fabrication, and improved operation rate by reducing recombination of charge carriers. Several studies have been done to come up with appropriate electron/hole transport layers (ETL/HTL) arranged in a PSC. An advanced 2D hierarchical structure, MXene refer to transition metals carbides (C)/nitrides (N) or carbonitrides (CN). It has a general formula of Mn+1XnTx, where n = 1–3, M denotes the transition metals (Ti, Mo, Zr, Hf, Nb), X indicates C or N, and Tx indicates functional groups (–O, –OH, –F, –Cl). Owing to their unique optoelectronics properties, MXenes has proved itself to be a promising candidate for photovoltaic technology applications. MXenes are transparent, electrically conducting, have good charge mobility, and have an optimizable work function. The rich surface termination groups present on the MXene surface are uniform and offer great possibilities for tuning electrical properties. Also, the synthesis process of MXene makes it naturally functionalized, which alters the electrostatic potential, leading to a work function shift in thin films. For the first time, MXene was used in a perovskite solar cell in 2018, and since then, it has been explored in different ways. But MXene, being metallic in nature, offers nearly zero bandgap. So, various hybrid preparations or changes in the synthesis route should be opted to tune the bandgap of MXene. Thus, MXene-based composite, which offers a wide range of bandgap tunability, is extensively used as the light absorber material in various solar cells. In many research works, it is evident that intentionally introducing the required bandgap in metallic MXene makes it more useful for photovoltaic applications. Bandgap engineering is a very significant method to come up with different selective semiconductors for fabricating advanced photovoltaic devices. Solar intensity mainly falls in the range of infrared and visible part of the spectrum. Accordingly, the ideal bandgap of the active material should be roughly 1.2-1.6 eV. Therefore, the recent research aims to prepare 2D MXene semiconductors that have good absorption in this range with suitable bandgap. In this work, we synthesized a composite of MXene/multiferroic, taking bismuth ferrite (Ti3C2Tx@BiFeO3) nanocomposites via facile hydrothermal synthesis. To prepare the nanocomposites, we used two reducing agents: hydrazine hydrate (N2H4.H2O) and Ammonia (NH3.H2O). Through the same synthesis method but with different reducing agents, the resultant nanocomposite was noted to be different with two different multiferroics. When the MXene was prepared using N2H4.H2O, it resulted in (Ti3C2Tx@BiFeO3) and with NH3.H2O outcome was (Ti3C2Tx@Bi25FeO39) as shown in Figure 1. X-ray diffraction peak analysis showed proper composite formation. The characteristic peaks of layered MXene and bismuth ferrite were evident indicating no impurity formation and suitability of the synthesis route. Thorough bandgap studies of both MXene@multiferroic nanocomposite were done using reflectance spectra (Figure 2). In the range of 3000-8000 Å, reflectance spectra were seen to be continuous for (Ti3C2Tx@BiFeO3), but a reflectance edge was observed for (Ti3C2Tx@Bi25FeO39), indicating it as a better light absorber. Using Tauc’s plot and the kubelka-Munk equation, i.e., Eg = hν − [F (R (∞)) hν]2, the direct bandgap of (Ti3C2Tx@Bi25FeO39) was obtained as 2.2 eV. The analyzed reports point towards a new possibility of researching more on preparing 2D semiconducting MXene composite with a wide bandgap using a suitable reducing agent and weight percentage, which is crucial for solar cell application. Creating a modified MXene composite, which is non-toxic, cheap, provides favourable bandgap and can be commercially produced, is highly challenging. This work addresses such challenges and gives a different direction to the current work on the band gap modulation of 2D titanium carbide (MXene). REFERENCES: [1] Koneru, Bhargavi, Jhilmil Swapnalin, Srinivasan Natarajan, Adolfo Franco Jr, and Prasun Banerjee. "Intercalation of nanoscale multiferroic spacers between the two-dimensional interlayers of MXene." ACS omega 7, no. 23 (2022): 20369-20375. Figure 1

Anxiety and depression among a community-recruited cohort of people who use methamphetamine: A longitudinal analysis.

This study (1) estimated changes in anxiety and depression throughout 3 years in a community-recruited cohort who use methamphetamine and (2) modelled whether these changes were associated with patterns of methamphetamine use or other time-varying or fixed covariates. We used a longitudinal analysis using data derived from surveys conducted between August 2016 and March 2020, set in metropolitan and rural locations in Victoria, Australia. Participants comprised a total of 849 adults with regular methamphetamine use history at baseline, recruited for the prospective VMAX study via snowball and respondent-driven sampling. Anxiety and depression symptoms were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 instruments. Frequency of methamphetamine use was measured by self-reported number of days per week participants used any form of methamphetamine in the past month. Changes in anxiety and depression symptom scores were associated with change in route of administration from non-injecting to injecting [adjusted coefficient (adj. coeff.) = 1.44, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.39, 2.48, adj. coeff. = 1.49, 95% CI = 0.39, 2.58], change in severity of dependence for methamphetamine (adj. coeff. = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.21, 0.37, adj. coeff. = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.26, 0.42), starting treatment for drugs other than methamphetamine (adj. coeff. = -2.21, 95% CI = -3.70, -0.73, adj. coeff. = -2.09, 95% CI = -3.60, -0.58) and other covariates. Among regular methamphetamine users in Australia, changes in anxiety or depression scores are associated with changes in route of administration, dependence severity and starting treatment for other drugs, but do not appear to be associated with frequency of methamphetamine use.

A PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF NEW DRUG APPROVAL PATTERN OF JAPAN

Objectives: The objective of the study was to study the drug development and drug approval pattern of a developed Asian country: Japan. Methods: Data available on official website of Japan government health authority was compiled for the duration of January 2017–December 2021. The new approved drugs were classified based on different parameters such as active ingredient, drug approval date, review category, new approval or partial change, Indication of drugs, and WHO anatomic thoracic classification. The descriptive analysis of data was done using LibreOffice Calc. Results: Out of 545 drugs approved, 46% were anti-neoplastic and immunomodulating agent, 10% were anti-infective and 9% were Nervous system category. Furthermore, among all approved drugs, 51.38% were new approved drugs while 48.62% of drugs were approved with partial change in dosage, route, or indications. Conclusion: This study showed new drug development and approval was done significantly for anti-cancer agents and agents for non-communicable diseases.

Bus Network Adjustment Pre-Evaluation Based on Biometric Recognition and Travel Spatio-Temporal Deduction

A critical component of bus network adjustment is the accurate prediction of potential risks, such as the likelihood of complaints from passengers. Traditional simulation methods, however, face limitations in identifying passengers and understanding how their travel patterns may change. To address this issue, a pre-evaluation method has been developed, leveraging the spatial distribution of bus networks and the spatio-temporal behavior of passengers. The method includes stage of travel demand analysis, accessible path set calculation, passenger assignment, and evaluation of key indicators. First, we explore the actual passengers’ origin and destination (OD) stop from bus card (or passenger Code) payment data and biometric recognition data, with the OD as one of the main input parameters. Second, a digital bus network model is constructed to represent the logical and spatial relationships between routes and stops. Upon inputting bus line adjustment parameters, these relationships allow for the precise and automatic identification of the affected areas, as well as the calculation of accessible paths of each OD pair. Third, the factors influencing passengers’ path selection are analyzed, and a predictive model is built to estimate post-adjustment path choices. A genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the model’s weights. Finally, various metrics, such as changes in travel routes and ride times, are analyzed by integrating passenger profiles. The proposed method was tested on the case of the Guangzhou 543 route adjustment. Results show that the accuracy of the number of predicted trips after adjustment is 89.6%, and the predicted flow of each associated bus line is also consistent with the actual situation. The main reason for the error is that the path selection has a certain level of irrationality, which stems from the fact that the proportion of passengers who choose the minimum cost path for direct travel is about 65%, while the proportion of one-transfer passengers is only about 50%. Overall, the proposed algorithm can quantitatively analyze the impact of rigid travel groups, occasional travel groups, elderly groups, and other groups that are prone to making complaints in response to bus line adjustment.

Assessing approaches for ship noise reduction within critical whale habitat.

Ship noise pollution significantly overlaps with critical habitats of endangered whales in the Santa Barbara Channel, prompting the need for effective noise reduction strategies. Various ship noise reduction approaches were assessed by simulating both source-centric (e.g., speed reduction or retrofit) and space-centric (e.g., routing changes) strategies to determine which would most effectively minimize noise within important marine habitats. Reducing the speeds of all ships achieved the highest noise reduction of the source-centric methods, although solely slowing cargo ships led to similar reductions. Implementing a single-route approach on the southern side of the Channel Islands achieved the greatest reduction of the space-centric strategies. For the multi-route approaches, some noise reduction was achieved by creating a buffer zone between the proposed shipping lanes and the critical habitat boundary. This simulation framework provides a mechanism for efficient exploration and assessment of noise reduction strategies across time and space. The framework can be updated to consider new approaches to changing ocean conditions.

Motor control of the palatoglossus and genioglossus during changes in breathing route.

High activity of upper airway dilator muscles is thought to be critical in preventing sleep-related upper airway collapse. To date, most of the research regarding upper airway dilator muscles has focused on the genioglossus muscle, which protrudes the tongue and opens the retroglossal airway. However, collapse commonly occurs in the retropalatal region. We, therefore, aimed to examine the motor control of the palatoglossus muscle as well as investigate breathing route-related changes in genioglossus and palatoglossus motor units. Single motor unit recordings of the genioglossus and palatoglossus were made simultaneously in healthy individuals during wakefulness while breathing through the nose with the mouth closed (NMC), nose with mouth open (NMO), or orally (OMO). The palatoglossus was found to have all five motor unit firing patterns that have been observed in other upper airway dilator muscles, but during nasal breathing had a higher proportion of tonically active but inspiratory modulated motor units as compared with the genioglossus (67% vs. 30%). When still breathing nasally but with the mouth open, the units with an expiratory firing pattern in genioglossus, and all firing patterns in palatoglossus, increased their firing rates compared with nasal breathing with the mouth closed [genioglossus (GG): 17.8 ± 4.9 vs. 23.1 ± 4.8 Hz, palatoglossus (PG): 17.0 ± 4.0 vs. 19.3 ± 4.0 Hz]. Finally, oral breathing resulted in dramatic reductions in the number of palatoglossal motor units that were firing (35 units vs. 92 during nasal breathing). Palatoglossal activity may contribute importantly to airway collapsibility and may provide an alternate pathway for preventing sleep-related airway collapse.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The firing patterns of motor units in the palatoglossus have until now not been investigated, and how they and motor units in the genioglossus change with breathing route alteration was not known. This study has shown that the palatoglossus contains motor units with all the firing patterns observed in the genioglossus but in different proportions. Furthermore, breathing route changes alter units with different firing patterns differentially in the two muscles.

Fear of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Cannabis Use Patterns Among Adults with Chronic Health Conditions: Results from COVID-19 Cannabis Health Study

ABSTRACT Given the scarcity of literature regarding COVID-19 impacts on cannabis consumers with chronic illnesses who widely use cannabis to manage their health conditions, we aim to assess the effect of COVID-19 on cannabis use patterns among adults living with chronic diseases. Cannabis consumers with a chronic disease (N = 1,466) from COVID-19 Cannabis Health Study were included in this analysis. The primary outcomes were change in cannabis dosage, past 30-day cannabis usage, and change in route of cannabis administration, with the main exposure being self-reported fear of COVID-19 diagnosis. Significant differences were found between changes in cannabis dose by fear of COVID-19 diagnosis (p = .03) where 41.5% of adults fearing diagnosis reported an increase in their cannabis dosage since the pandemic. Multinomial logistic regression showed that individuals who feared COVID-19 diagnosis had 50% greater odds [aOR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.02–2.24 of decreasing their cannabis in reference to their dose staying the same, than those without fear of COVID-19, adjusting for socio-demographics. Our findings highlight the significant association between fear of COVID-19 diagnosis and changes in cannabis usage patterns among adults with chronic diseases. This underscores the pandemic’s impact on health-related behaviors and the role of cannabis as a coping mechanism during uncertain times.

Metabolic route and bacterial community changes induced by inactivation of indigenous bacteria in dark fermentation

Metabolic route and bacterial community changes induced by inactivation of indigenous bacteria in dark fermentation

Deep learning algorithms for predicting routes of snowplows in European cities

Most cities are faced with annual snowfall but are finding it difficult to deal with their snow plowing activities. Even though winter road maintenance has been studied for many decades, most of the papers do not present models that can be scaled up to allow for incorporation of side constraints that are often met in practical applications. Subject of the paper: Comparison of deep learning algorithms for forecasting snowplow routes in European cities in terms of spatial analysis, routing and traffic flow. The study focuses on extending neural networks including Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Graph Neural Network (GNN) to overcome the problematics of snowplow in urban setting. Temporal and spatial data are incorporated using sophisticated models such as Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (STGCNs) using examples that capture the capacity to control the changes in the snowplow routes in reaction to the real-time traffic flow and weather information. The report also looks at how transformer models among other emerging technologies could be harnessed to improve predictive accuracy as well as efficiency. Comparisons made to these other methods evaluating deep learning methods’ benefits and drawbacks and their application to urban infrastructure and traffic flow. The results, therefore, point out that integrating these complicated formulas can go a long way in enhancing the efficiency and safety of snowplowing in the European cities to create better lit and safer transport networks

Developing Alternative Texture in a 90Cu-10Zn α-Brass Alloy via Route Changes in Accumulative Roll Bonding Process

Developing Alternative Texture in a 90Cu-10Zn α-Brass Alloy via Route Changes in Accumulative Roll Bonding Process

Changes in the HIV Epidemic in Lower Silesia, Poland, Between 2010 and 2020: The Characteristics of the Key Populations.

The HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) epidemic remains a significant public health issue, requiring ongoing access to preventive methods. This study aimed to analyze the evolution of the HIV epidemic in Lower Silesia from 2010 to 2020, focusing on the key populations. A retrospective analysis of the medical records from newly diagnosed HIV patients at a major HIV clinic in Wroclaw was conducted, examining demographic data, infection routes, and laboratory results. An 84% increase in newly diagnosed HIV cases was observed over the decade, with the most common route of infection being sex between men (70% among those with a known infection route). These patients were generally in better clinical condition compared to their heterosexual counterparts, as indicated by a higher median CD4+ T cell count (465/μL vs. 250/μL). The changes in clinical status and infection routes were statistically significant. The HIV epidemic in Lower Silesia has shifted, with a notable rise in new infections among men who have sex with men. Heterosexual patients were often diagnosed at more advanced stages. Prevention strategies should adapt to these changing trends, with education and testing accessibility remaining priorities nationwide.

EFFECTIVENESS ENHANCEMENT OF TRAFFIC CAMERAS BASED ON VEHICLES' AVERAGE SPEED CALCULATION

The analysis of calculating the vehicle speed between two automatic speed cameras within the framework of traffic violation detection demonstrates that using the average speed metric enhances speed limit compliance accuracy. This method reduces the possibility of evading responsibility for violations through temporary speed reduction before cameras. These systems employ usage of existing road cameras infrastructure to determine the minimal travel path of vehicle passing two cameras placed at a certain distance apart to measure the average speed of travel. Technical aspects of implementing the proposed system include utilizing cloud computing for data processing and storage, which reduces infrastructure costs. The system employs the possibility of usage of machine learning algorithms to predict travel time between cameras, considering various factors such as road conditions and speed limits. This approach ensures high calculation accuracy and reduces the number of false violation alerts. To further reduce the possibility of false violations, it is suggested to only use speed limitations based on the traffic signs on the road intervals of the calculated minimal path between two cameras that the vehicle has passed. Implementing the system requires the development of new software for data analysis and integration with existing traffic control systems. This includes designing algorithms to determine the minimum required travel time between cameras and calculating the average speed based on these data. Additionally, methods must be developed to detect and handle exceptions, such as road stops, or route changes, which can affect calculation accuracy. The feasibility of practical implementation of the system was investigated based on the existing infrastructure of traffic cameras in the city of Lviv. Possible minimal routes between cameras were analyzed and compared to the avarage passing speed of vehicles of different categories. The modulated results indicate that such a system would be an effective addition to the traffic control system, while requiring relatively low financial and engineering efforts.