Change Management Research Articles

From tradition to technological advancement: embracing blockchain technology in family businesses

PurposeDespite the rapid advancement of blockchain technology across various sectors, scholarly research on its application within family businesses remains significantly underdeveloped. This study aims to address this gap by examining the application of blockchain technology within family businesses to identify key application domains, benefits and implementation challenges.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a conceptual approach, drawing on existing literature on family businesses and blockchain technology. This review aimed to identify the unique characteristics of family businesses, their challenges and the distinctive features of blockchain technology that can potentially be mapped to each other. Based on the literature review, we develop a conceptual framework exploring blockchain technology applications in family businesses. Real-world case studies of family businesses that have implemented blockchain technology were identified to provide practical insights and implementation challenges.FindingsBlockchain technology possesses transformative potential for family businesses across several critical domains. It includes enhancing trust and transparency in operations, improving governance and decision-making and facilitating succession planning and intergenerational wealth management. Case study evidence illustrates the tangible benefits of blockchain, including enhanced supply chain transparency, optimized business processes, increased customer trust and resultant business sustainability. Blockchain technology implementation challenges include data privacy concerns, integration with legacy systems, regulatory uncertainty and change management issues.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited by its reliance on existing literature and case studies. It may not capture the full spectrum of challenges and opportunities associated with blockchain applications in family businesses. Future research should focus on longitudinal and empirical research to provide a deeper understanding of the impact of blockchain technology application in family businesses.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by exploring the intersection of family businesses and blockchain technology, an area that has received limited academic attention. It identifies potential application domains of blockchain technology in family businesses and develops a conceptual framework based on existing literature. Through case studies, the research provides practical insights and valuable lessons for family businesses considering blockchain implementation. It also addresses key considerations and challenges, providing a clear roadmap for blockchain technology integration in family businesses. The study lays the groundwork for further research and exploration in blockchain technology and family businesses.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ КОМАНДОЙ ВНУТРИКОРПОРАТИВНОГО СТАРТАПА: ПРОЦЕССНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ДИНАМИКИ РАЗВИТИЯ

Innovative development of the Russian economy is impossible without increasing the efficiency of small innovative enterprises (startups), including those created within companies. The problems of managing internal startups and especially startup teams have been relatively poorly studied by modern science. The high dynamics of startups causes high variability and intensive transformations in team management practices. To create a highper formance startup team, it is necessary to understand the internal logic of change in the parameters of teams and team management. The article studies the dynamics of changes in team characteristics and team management within the startup development process. The research methodology is based on process research and case studies. The work investigates the dynamics of the startup team a cloud gaming service. The startup was organized within one company but was then sold to a large IT corporation. The article examines certain characteristics of the team in their development including management methodologies, team composition, communications, culture, motivation, operational and strategic planning pro cedures.

Utility of pelvic examination in assessing women with bleeding in early pregnancy: a multicenter Canadian emergency department study

BackgroundBleeding in early pregnancy is a common emergency department (ED) presentation. Although variability in approaches has been demonstrated, research is relatively uncommon on practices and outcomes. This study investigated the influence of clinical pattern of care, utility, and contribution of pelvic examination aimed at diagnosing and managing bleeding in early pregnancy at three Canadian EDs.MethodsAfter obtaining informed consent, data were collected from adult women who were pregnant and from treating ED physicians using a structured questionnaire. We defined the change in management based on the initial clinical plan at the time of the initial physician assessment in the ED and any subsequent changes made after the pelvic examination was performed. Patient telephone follow-up was supplemented by linking with provincial administrative data for births. Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with a change in patient management following pelvic examination in the ED.ResultsOverall, 200 women were enrolled. The mean age was 31 years, patients had been bleeding for a median of 1 day and stayed in the ED for a median of 5 h. Of these, 166 (83.0%) received a pelvic examination, including speculum examination and/or bimanual palpation. Pregnancy outcome data were available for 192 pregnancies; 107 (56%) experienced a miscarriage. Factors significantly associated with a change in management after pelvic examination in the univariate logistic regression analysis were brown/dark-red bleeding per vaginam (physician determined), tachycardia, right lower quadrant tenderness, and bimanual palpation. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, brown/dark-red bleeding per vaginam was independently associated with a reduced likelihood of a change in management after pelvic examination (aOR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.14–0.98).ConclusionAmong women presenting to the ED with bleeding in early pregnancy prior to 20 weeks gestation, only brown/dark-red vaginal bleeding, potentially indicative of bleeding resolution, significantly independently influenced the baseline odds of a change in management after pelvic examination. Until the debate on the utility of pelvic examination in the ED for this presentation is resolved, physician preferences and shared decision making with patients should guide practice regarding speculum examination/bimanual palpation for the management of bleeding in early pregnancy.

A Study the Role of Water and the Sustainable Development

Water is a crucial natural resource that serves as a primary source of water for irrigation, drinking, and industrial use in India. Despite its importance, Water resources in India are rapidly depleting due to increasing demand, climate change, and unsustainable management practices. Sustainable development, which aims to harmonize economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability, is paramount in addressing these water challenges. In this context, it is crucial to revisit the Water laws in India to ensure sustainable resource management. The current legal framework for Water in India is fragmented, outdated, and ineffective. the significance of Water has grown. Currently, private-Water resources provide about 90% of the domestic and commercial water needs as well as around 65% of the irrigation needs. However, people frequently mistakenly believe that this valuable resource is boundless and unbounded. As a result, the general public frequently overlooks crucial Water issues such its scientific management, conservation, and augmentation.

Lifestyle Interventions for Managing Diabetes and Hypertension: A Holistic Approach

Diabetes and hypertension were two of the most prevalent chronic conditions globally, often occurring together and significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. While traditional management strategies have focused on pharmacological treatments, there was a growing recognition of the need for lifestyle interventions to address the underlying risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and poor diet. This review explored the scientific basis for lifestyle interventions including dietary modifications, physical activity, stress management, and behavioral changes in managing diabetes and hypertension. Evidence from landmark clinical studies demonstrated the effectiveness of these interventions in improving blood glucose control and reducing blood pressure, often rivaling or complementing medication. The integration of lifestyle interventions into clinical practice, however, presented challenges such as time constraints, patient adherence, and healthcare system limitations. Despite these challenges, opportunities existed to enhance patient outcomes through personalized care, technological advancements, and public health initiatives. The methodology utilized in this review involved a comprehensive analysis of current literature, synthesizing evidence from clinical studies and expert guidelines to provide a holistic approach to managing these chronic conditions. By embedding lifestyle interventions into standard care, healthcare providers can offer a more effective, sustainable, and patient-centered path to better health. Keywords: Diabetes Management, Hypertension, Lifestyle Interventions, Cardiovascular Health, Patient-Centered Care.

Ensuring Soil Security to Secure Our Planetary Future$

Turning the dirt, we have cultivated back into soil is critical to securing our planetary future. The world’s principal existential challenges – food, water and energy security, climate change abatement, biodiversity protection and human health1 – are all underpinned by soil dysfunction. Yet, little is known about soil function, soil services and threats to soil, or how the state of our soils, determined by land use and land management, cause desertification and climate change. As greenhouse gases are transparent to incoming solar radiation, we must mitigate excess atmospheric heat by reducing the amount of organic matter mined from the soil, because when the sun’s rays fall on exposed, drained, baked dry soil, most of the solar radiation is converted from latent heat to sensible heat. Soil specific policy and legislation must be developed to regulate sources of excess sensible heat, consistent with limiting global temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Through soil security, we can deliver a better present and safeguard our planetary future.

Assessing guideline adherence and child abuse evaluation in infants with fractures: a retrospective quality control study

AIMS OF THE STUDY: To standardise the assessment of infants with fractures at University Children’s Hospital Zurich, a guideline was implemented in February 2021. The aim of this study was to assess adherence to this guideline and to assess changes in management before and after guideline implementation. The primary outcome was the overall adherence rate to the guideline. Additionally, we evaluated specific omissions of guideline steps by clinicians and investigated differences in adherence for infants younger vs older than six months, as well as variations between in- and outpatient care. Secondary outcomes focused on changes in the frequency of involvement of the child protection team, skeletal survey rates and child abuse detection, comparing these rates before and after guideline implementation. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective single-centre quality control study. We included infants younger than 12 months diagnosed with fractures at the emergency department between 1 February 2021 and 31 August 2022. We excluded children with prior bone disease diagnoses and those whose parents did not consent to their children’s data being used for research. RESULTS: A total of 61 emergency department visits of infants with fractures were included in the study. The overall adherence rate to the guideline was 39%. Notably, in 68% of cases where clinicians deviated from the guideline, the primary reason was a missing consultation of the paediatrician or family doctor. Adherence levels were consistent across age groups (under and over six months), but there was a notable discrepancy between inpatient (53%) and outpatient (26%) care settings. Child protection team involvement increased to 54%, twice the rate observed before guideline implementation. CONCLUSIONS: Overall adherence to the guideline was poor, emphasising the necessity for continuous training of clinicians to raise awareness regarding the differential diagnosis of child abuse. Despite the guideline’s implementation leading to a doubled rate of child protection team involvement, there remains a need for improvement. Notably, outpatient care exhibited lower guideline adherence, signalling an area requiring focused attention.

Dampak Digitalisasi pada Komunikasi Perusahaan: Tinjauan Sistematis Literatur tentang Adaptasi dan Perubahan Budaya Kerja

In today's modern and digital era, all movements are required to be carried out more quickly and precisely with digital technology as the main key. Digitalization has changed the way of communication within companies, allowing information to be conveyed and received quickly, anytime and anywhere. Companies need to adapt to changes in technology and work culture to remain competitive, although digitalization also brings challenges in communication and interaction. A work culture that supports innovation is important to create an environment that is adaptive to technological change and motivates employees to contribute to the innovation process. This research uses library methods. The library method is a method of collecting data by reviewing relevant books, literature, notes and reports without having to use primary or secondary data from the field. Literature studies are important for exploring theories related to research topics and helping researchers understand the current state of the field of science being researched. The research results show that digitalization has brought significant changes in HR management and company work culture, accelerating the flow of information and decision making. Digital technology increases collaboration and work efficiency, as well as facilitating more efficient communication processes. HR managers must adapt to new roles that require digital skills and strong managerial abilities. While digitalization provides many benefits, such as increased recruitment efficiency and in-depth analytics, challenges such as data security and the impact on employee mental health also arise

Climate change ecological vulnerability and hotspot analysis of himalayan forests in North-Eastern region, India

The Himalayan forests are vulnerable to climate change leading to disturb the current flow of critical ecosystem services to the dependent population. Present study attempts to evaluate the current vulnerability status of major forest types in Nagaland, India due to climate change along with identifying the hot spots for mitigating the vulnerability of the forests. Vulnerability of mixed moist deciduous, pine, wet hill and wet temperate forests were evaluated using the IPCC framework. Local Moran's I analysis, hot spot analysis and a histogram analysis of the vulnerability were made in QGIS. Field data such as Shannon-Wiener Index and Importance Value Index along with secondary data such as edaphic factors, vegetation factors and climatic variables were used for vulnerability analysis. Analysis results that mixed moist deciduous forests had the highest area in under high-high clusters, hot spots and was highly vulnerable. The result suggests that very dense or moderately dense forest cover were less vulnerable than low density forests in the region. The study provides baseline information along with identification of vulnerable hot spot forests for future climate change policy and management of resources at the division level. The study suggests strengthening the less dense forests along with increasing the biodiversity through suitable strategy for mitigating the vulnerability.

Manajemen Perubahan Kurikulum Dari K-13 ke Kurikulum Merdeka di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Swasta Al-Hikmah Kecamatan Beringin Deli Serdang

The purpose of this research is to determine the curriculum change management from the 2013 Curriculum to the Merdeka Curriculum at the Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Hikmah, Beringin District, Deli Serdang. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. The results showed that the curriculum change management process at the Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Hikmah includes planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating. The conclusion of this research is that the curriculum change management from the 2013 Curriculum to the Merdeka Curriculum at the Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Hikmah, Beringin District, Deli Serdang has been implemented well.

Comprehensive Study of Critical Areas of Change Management as a Starting Point for Leaders in the Area of Managing Human Resources in Organizations: The Case of the Visegrad Four

(1) Background: This research deals with an element of strategic management, namely corporate changes. It applies to production enterprises operating in the countries of the Visegrad Group. Since similar studies in the area of change management in the V4 environment are absent, we consider the research to be beneficial for the subject area. The aim of the paper is to identify key elements in change management that would contribute to improving the work of leaders. (2) Methods: We conducted the research on a sample of 318 manufacturing companies operating in V4 countries. We verified the obtained data using several tests, including Chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact test or binomial test, through which we verified established research hypotheses. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was also used, which made it possible to identify critical factors in the area of change management. (3) Results: Critical change management factors emerged from the research, and we also determined the preconditions for successful management of these initiatives. We consider the results significant for change management leaders. (4) We consider the findings to be a contribution to the given field of management, as similar studies are absent in it, which creates a gap in this field.

Investigating the Role of Change Management in Achieving Sustainable Project Management in Construction Firms

Abstract Over the past years, the construction sector has seen significant transformation driven by sustainability and change management, as most construction companies strive to lower emissions, be future-proof, and slow down the rate of climate change. While these two disciplines have distinct goals, they share essential principles. Both change management and sustainable project management emphasize addressing the environmental, social, and economic aspects while maintaining ethics, transparency, and stakeholder demands. According to previous studies, incorporating sustainability concepts into project management systems could enhance organizational value, risk control, cost savings, stakeholders’ relationships, and long-term value generation. In the context of change management, integrating sustainability into project management systems strives to ensure that initiatives are not only financially feasible but also socially and ecologically responsible. Despite previous research in those fields, further investigation and application of the implementation methodologies are still recommended. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between sustainability in the project management field, its relation to change management procedures, and how it could be beneficial for the implementation process in the construction industry. A constructive literature review was adapted to develop a potential primary framework for future implementation, which facilitates future attempts at construction organization implementation processes.

Improving the secondary diagnoses capture rate in SingHealth Community Hospital discharge summaries: a quality improvement project made successful by change management principles

High-quality discharge summaries are essential for promoting patient safety during transitions between care settings. When the diagnosis list in the discharge summary is not accurate, the subsequent care provider will...

Developing a Performance Management Support System for Employees with Hidden Disabilities

Abstract This document outlines a strategy for the Aero Missile and Defense Conglomerate (AMDC) to support employees with hidden disabilities, following a survey revealing that 40% of employees have such conditions. GK Consulting proposes a performance management support system focused on education, accommodations, and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) compliance. Key components include Data Collection - surveying prevalence and types of hidden disabilities, and assessing current accommodations; Accommodations - implementing flexible work schedules, customized communication methods, assistive technologies, and mental health support; Leadership - applying transformational leadership to foster an inclusive workplace; Organizational Culture - using Schein’s Organizational Culture Model to align values with disability inclusion; Change Management - employing Kotter’s Eight-Step Change Model for sustainable implementation; and PESTEL Analysis - considering external political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. The strategy aims to create a supportive and inclusive environment, enhancing AMDC’s culture, driving innovation, and positioning the company as an inclusive employer where all employees can thrive.

Management of von Willebrand Disease for Orthognathic Surgery: Evidenced-Based Recommendations and Scoping Review of the Literature

BackgroundThe general management of von Willebrand Disease has evolved over the past several decades. Advances in blood product replacement manufacturing have led to changes in perioperative management of the bleeding diathesis in its various subtypes. Surgical management follows changes in medical management, but unique perioperative considerations exist depending on the type of surgery. Orthognathic surgery is considered a major surgery that can have life-threatening complications in patients with von Willebrand Disease (vWD) and updates in evidenced-based management are presented. ObjectivesThe objectives of this report are to review available literature regarding management of patients with von Willebrand Disease and other bleeding disorder undergoing orthognathic surgery and to provide a case report regarding the management of a patient vWD type 2M undergoing orthognathic surgery. Eligibility CriteriaArticles included for review were studies addressing patients with bleeding disorders undergoing orthognathic surgery. Sources of EvidencePubMed and Ovid were queried using the terms “orthognathic surgery OR jaw deformity” AND “von Willebrand OR bleeding disorders OR hemophilia.” Additional references relevant to the review were obtained from the reference lists of available articles ultimately deemed appropriate for inclusion in the review. MethodsA recent example case of a patient with type 2M vWD undergoing orthognathic surgery and the patient’s perioperative management is presented for consideration. A scoping review of the literature was undertaken for evaluation of available literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). ResultsInsufficient evidence exists for significant analysis of perioperative management strategies previously reported compared to the currently utilized management strategy for the case presented. A review of the available literature with reference to updated literature regarding management of patients with vWD undergoing surgical procedures other than orthognathic surgery yields primarily case reports, two randomized controlled trials, and one systematic review. The results indicate that an evolution in the general management of patients with vWD undergoing surgery can be applied to patients undergoing orthognathic surgery and that the addition of hemostatic agents such as tranexamic acid may be considered with a low level of evidence. ConclusionsFor patients undergoing orthognathic surgery, the use of cryoprecipitate in large quantities has been replaced with the use of Humate-P infusion and will likely be replaced with the use of recombinant von Willebrand factor (VWF). The timing of infusion of adjuncts preoperatively for patients with vWD can potentially be extended to the previous day, and the addition of medications to aid in hemostasis such as tranexamic acid may be considered. Prophylactic use of additional VWF adjuncts should be considered in the postoperative setting, and close monitoring is prudent. The use of newer agents may allow for the expansion of craniomaxillofacial surgery procedures that can be safely considered in patients with vWD.

The Outcome of Walking Cold Patients with Potential Mild Hypothermia to Safety-A Mountain Rescue Case Series.

Some experts recommend that ambulant hypothermic patients should be rewarmed, fed, and not permitted to exercise for 30 min because of concerns that afterdrop can cause cardiac instability. We investigated the outcome of ambulant hypothermic patients in a case series from mountain rescue teams in Great Britain. A questionnaire was used to collect information on a series of adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of mild hypothermia. All patients were alert on the AVPU scale and evacuated by walking from the mountain. The outcome measures were survival or a change in management because of medical deterioration during evacuation. A series of 108 eligible cases were reported over a 5-year period. When rescuers arrived on the scene, 98 (91%) patients were stationary, and 10 (9%) were still mobile. Thirty-eight (39%) of the stationary cases were walked immediately off the mountain without any on-scene delay. In the remaining 60 (61%) stationary cases, the decision was taken to delay evacuation to provide food, drinks, and additional clothing. In 3 cases, the use of heat packs indicated an intention to actively rewarm. In cases where the on-scene time was reported, 27 (79%) were known to be mobile again within 20 min. All patients survived, and no adverse medical events occurred in all 108 cases. In this study, no adverse events occurred because of immediate mobilization, suggesting that in these cases, there appears to be minimal risk of early activity.

A Multicentre Prospective Cohort Study to Identify High-Risk Transient Ischemic Attack/Minor Stroke Patients Benefitting from Echocardiography

BackgroundWe aimed to derive a clinical decision rule to identify patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke most likely to benefit from echocardiography. MethodsThis multicentre prospective cohort study enrolled adults diagnosed with TIA/minor stroke in the emergency department who underwent echocardiograms within 90 days, from 13 Canadian academic emergency departments from October 2006 to May 2017. Our outcome was clinically significant echocardiogram findings. ResultsIn 7149 eligible patients, a clinically significant finding was found in 556 (7.8%). There were a further 2421 (33.9%) with potentially significant findings. History of heart failure (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.9) or coronary artery disease (OR, 2.7) were the factors most strongly associated with clinically significant echocardiogram findings, whereas young age, male sex, valvular heart disease, and infarct (any age) on neuroimaging were modestly associated (OR, 1.3-1.9). The model combining these predictors into a score (range: 0-15), had a C-statistic of 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.70). A cut point of 6 points or more classified 6.6% of cases as high likelihood, defined as > 15% for clinically significant echocardiogram findings. ConclusionsEchocardiography is a very useful test in the investigations of patients with TIA/minor stroke. We identified high-risk clinical features—combined to create a clinical decision rule—to identify which patients with TIA/minor stroke are likely to have clinically significant echocardiogram findings requiring an immediate change in management. These patients should have echocardiography prioritized, whereas others may continue to have echocardiography conducted in a less urgent fashion.

Abstract P311: Revisiting unattended vs attended automated office blood pressure measurements: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Standardized automated office blood pressure (AOBP) measurement is now widely accepted as the preferred method for monitoring blood pressure (BP). However, disagreements persist amongst expert societies as to the need to perform AOBP in an unattended manner, where the patient is left alone in a quiet room. In 2019, two meta-analyses aiming to quantify the differences between unattended and attended BP showed opposite results. prompting the publication of several more studies on this subject. Our objective was thus to reassess the BP differences between unattended and attended AOBP when performed with the same device and an identical measurement protocol. Methods: This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and is registered on PROSPERO. Studies were included if both unattended and attended AOBP were measured on the same participants in a randomized or alternating sequence manner during a single visit with the same device and an identical measurement protocol apart from attendance status. Four databases were searched (Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar). The primary outcome was the difference between unattended and attended systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP, expressed as weighted mean differences (95% confidence interval) using random-effects models. Results: From 8,088 screened studies, data was extracted from 15 studies which met the inclusion criteria (n=1,747 participants). In the pooled analysis, the attended compared with unattended BP was higher for SBP by 2.7 mmHg (95%CI 0.6 to 4.7) and DBP by 0.9 mmHg (95%CI 0.1 to 1.8). In leave-one out analyses, results were similar except when excluding the study with the most extreme BP difference (Chotruangnapa 2023) where the difference became non-significant. Conclusion: Standardized attended AOBP measurements result in slightly higher readings than unattended AOBP. Whether such small differences translate into clinically significant changes in management of BP remains uncertain. Therefore, standardized attended AOBP could be viewed as a reasonable option for BP measurement in a real-life clinical setting.

Adapting to the Challenges of COVID-19: A Case Study of Premier Mental Therapy

Abstract Business environment adaptation is crucial to market longevity and sustainability. The COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed a global paradigm shift in remote services which led to technology and service innovations that impacted organizations, leaders, and employees. The resulting impacts have required organizational leaders to consider new market entry strategies, employees to consider new processes and procedures, and both to learn new technologies and capabilities. This case study examines and provides recommendations to Premier Mental Therapy with a focus on leadership, organizational, change management, and strategy theories to mitigate risks to mental health services resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and increase sustainability and revenue. Marketing and networking strategies are introduced as tools to lower barriers to entry into technology driven healthcare markets. RACI charts are recommended for roles and responsibilities definition, and balanced scorecard is recommended for performance measurement and awareness. These recommendations combine to provide a future business model for sustainable operations.

Low/no-code and traditional code integration in digital banking

This paper seeks to combine the merits of low/no-code programming (LNCP) with traditional programming (TP) systems for increased agility in digital banking software development. While it is easy to fall prey to shiny object syndrome in today’s dynamic banking technology landscape, it is not easy to select the right technology to suit the current and future needs of the financial industry. Instead, LNCP makes it possible to lower the technical entry barriers to technology development. Integrating TP with LNCP, when needed, compensates for the shortcomings related to LNCP and provides digital banks with a more comprehensive software development approach. The adoption of this approach improves time-to-market of new innovative financial solutions. There has been little progress in this direction, academically or in practice. This paper includes an empirical study, interviews with banking professionals, on the merits of LNCP and TP, as well as an experimental project implementation that integrates LNCP and TP in the development of a retail Internet banking application. In the context of digital banking solution development, the result of the experiment reveals the merits of LNCP/TP hybrid systems in terms of agility, scalability, change management and cost-effectiveness.