Changes In Economic System Research Articles

Challenges and Triumphs of Democratisation in Mongolia

The major socio-political change in Mongolia was the change of political system from one-party socialist to multi-party democracy in 1990s. The political liberalisation of ideas- the change of economic system, inauguration of the new constitution in 1992 and the first ever free parliamentary elections are the key features of the Mongolia’s Democratic revolution. The importance of researching democratic consolidation in Mongolia can be underscored in several keyways. Firstly, Mongolia serves as an exemplary case of a nation that has transitioned positively towards democracy in a global landscape where democracy often remains an outlier rather than the norm. From the events that Mongolia had to overcome and the knowledge that was gained, there is much to learn on how democratisation processes could be maintained in transitional societies. Qualitative research approach is fitting for this study since it enables the researcher to gain an insight into subjective experiences as well as perceptions of those who are either involved in or affected by a democratic transition in Mongolia. Findings of this research highlights Mongolia's democratisation process both possibilities as well as difficulties involved. Mongolia has done fairly well in terms of institutionalising democracy, but numerous challenges are still persistent which require continuous attention and concerted efforts being made towards addressing them. By introducing strategic reforms, endorsing comprehensive development, fostering transparency culture and nurturing a sense of accountability within state institutions Mongolia can reinforce further consolidation of its democratic gains.

Peran Pemimpin terhadap Perubahan Sistem Ekonomi Menuju Indonesia Maju

This research aims to analyze the role of leaders in changing the economic system towards an advanced Indonesia. This research will use a qualitative approach with a case study method. The qualitative approach was chosen because it allows for in-depth information and meaning about the role of leaders in economic system change, which cannot be captured by quantitative methods. The findings of this research provide a deep insight into the role played by President Joko Widodo in driving change in Indonesia's economic system towards a more advanced Indonesia. Through careful analysis of the data, it can be concluded that strong leadership, clear vision, high commitment to economic development, and the ability to build consensus have been key factors in Jokowi's success.

Radiocarbon Dates from the Archaeological Site of Sakas, Bihar, India

AbstractDates from recently excavated Gangetic site of Sakas in Bihar, India, place it at ca.1800–1100 BC. The ceramic and lithic chronologies have been interpreted as Early Farming, Transitional and Chalcolithic/Developed Farming in date. However, depending on where in the Ganges Plains is studied, the time frame of Early, Developed and Advanced Farming periods varies widely, from 7th millennium to 2nd millennium BC and beyond, making the chronological framing of absolute dates within a regional scheme highly complex. In this paper we report the new radiocarbon results from Sakas and note how while these are critical for cementing the absolute dating of the site, until such time as a more stable periodization linked not only to relative and absolute dates but also human lifeways within the different zones of the Ganges plains is created, there remains difficulties in understanding how Sakas and other sites of similar date fit into the changing social, cultural and economic systems in this region.

Соціокультурне походження грошей і взаємодоповнення реального та віртуального простору метавсесвіту

Understanding the socio-cultural foundations of the institution of money, relying in interaction with donors on the deep, "silent", essential foundations of the functioning of the monetary system is an important prerequisite for success in ensuring the financial stability of a national economy. The purpose of the paper is to trace the evolution of the qualitative and quantitative components of the institution of monetary relations in the process of changing economic systems as an important prerequisite for financial support of Ukraine during the defense of its independence and post-war recovery. Attention is focused on the interdisciplinary nature of the study of the phenomenon of money as an institution that complementarily combines virtual and real economic components of the metauniverse. The conflicting relationship between the phenomenal and the essential, the sacred and the profane, the quantitative and the qualitative, is revealed in the institution of money. The evolution of forms of money from the archaic to the digital economy and the influence of sacred factors on it are traced. The author reveals the complementarity of monetary, religious, ideological, political, and legal institutions as a tool for ensuring the existence of society as a whole in the combination of its virtual and real components. Attention is given to the actualization of reciprocity relationships in the process of forming the digital economy. It is shown that the prerequisites for their formation are kinship, and closeness by social attitudes. Accordingly, relations of exchange (market) and redistribution (state) are complemented by system-forming institutions of gift. M. Godelier attributes to the conditions for the formation of "gift management" the following: the leading role of personal relationships in the creation of social ties, the interest of individuals and social groups in selflessness for social reproduction and their own existence, and the prevalence of traditions of mutual relations-obligations. "What creates the obligation to give is that the giving creates obligations" - this is how the scientist formulates this principle. Solidarity is based on the voluntary transfer of part of what you have. At the same time, accepting a gift puts the recipient in the position of debtor in relation to the donor. It is shown that preferential lending, provision of grant support, involvement in joint projects, in particular in the field of supporting Ukraine's defense capability and the development of the national economy, can be considered an example of a complementary combination of quantitative, real (purely economic exchange relations) and qualitative, virtual (reciprocal relations) components of the monetary system.

A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of Remittances on Economic Growth in the Balkans

Remittances have been the positive consequences of the painful phenomena of poor countries. Emigration has been in the past of the European Continent and continues to be a significant feature in many countries of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. The states of the Western Balkans have been interested in this phenomenon in a sustainable way in the last 20 years due to war, changes in economic systems, or political instability. In the various studies related to the effects of Remittances in the countries of origin, direct and positive impacts on GDP have been observed, but in other cases, these impacts are questioned since Remittances also mean that the workforce or human resources are not active in the country of origin and at the same time create a lack of GDP growth. For this reason, remittances and their fluctuations have never had a positive impact on the GDP of the countries of origin. The objective of this paper is to identify if there is a positive and direct impact between the level of remittances in relation to the Gross Domestic Product and economic growth for the five countries of the Western Balkans (Serbia, Bosnia Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Albania) during the period 2000-2021 with annual data according to World Bank data.

Forecasts of K. Marx and F. Engels on the Post-Capitalist Future: The Test of Time

The modern world has entered a complex controversial era of changing economic systems, clearly visible in a variety of new phenomena. These include the completion of industrialization in developed countries with the development of the third industrial revolution and the entry into the era of technology development of the Fourth industrial revolution. Such a change resolves the fundamental contradiction of capitalism that has reached a critical level, in the author's interpretation, on the side of the productive forces acting as an environmental crisis, on the side of industrial relations – inequality in income and property. In the era of changing economic systems, it is appropriate to ask a question about the relevance of classical forecasts regarding the future of capitalism, and there are two such in their scientific heritage. The first of them is the well–known socialist one, set out in the Manifesto of the Communist Party, published in 1848, and, on the contrary, the forecast about the «transformation of the capitalist mode of production into an associated one,» which Marx outlined very succinctly, but clearly and unambiguously in the third volume of Capital. The followers of the classics picked up the first forecast, contrary to their expectations, which never took place in the history of capitalism in developed countries, addressed directly to them by the classics, but implemented in semi-feudal Russia. However, the age of socialism turned out to be short-lived in it, but the reasons for its fleeting death are not fully realized to this day. And on the contrary, the second forecast took place: capitalism underwent such a transformation at the stage of mastering the second industrial revolution and even more – the third. Let's try to figure out how popular a socialist forecast can be in modern conditions. This is also relevant in view of the steady increase in state ownership, which abolishes the monopoly of private ownership forms inherent in capitalism and contributes to the increasing role of the state as a macroeconomic entity.

Preface: Techno-Economic Directions for a Green Future

Human civilization not only faces frightening forces but also sees encouraging developments. The dark triad of climate change, pandemic, and war interact dangerously. Climate change, for example, leads to mass migration, which in turn accelerates the spread of pathogens. Nations may soon go to war to capture resources that were lost to their homelands due to Earth’s changing environment. The primary resources of which I speak are energy, water, and food – though others like materials and education cannot go unmentioned. Researchers are certain that we cannot achieve sustainability – much less meet the UN’s multi-faceted Sustainable Development Goals – with current technology. Corporations that are the biggest polluters are slow even to adopt existing green technologies. Now that I have painted a grim picture, I turn to a most hopeful one. By creating and disseminating knowledge, we can innovate and develop sustainable technologies. We can educate and encourage the entrepreneurs who will bring these green innovations to the populations who need it. In other words, knowledge, innovation, and entrepreneurship are among the very most important keys to a sustainable human civilization. They are already showing impact. New advances in water desalinization and battery technology, for example, will help back us away from the edge of climate disaster. I emphasize technology to show that the answer is not purely economic. Yet the answer will require radical change in economic systems. Radically changing times mean we need an economics focused not on efficiency (equilibrium) but on flexibility and perpetual disequilibria. We need an economics that penalizes – rather than rewards – the creation of negative environmental and social externalities. An economics in which incumbent industries will not attempt to quash newer and greener technologies. And an economics that encourages enterprises to think long-term, rather than obsess about quarterly earnings. This new journal, Green and Low-Carbon Economy, under its brilliant Editor-in-Chief and with the help of your thoughtful research articles, will move us in these needed directions.

Energy Security: A Conceptual Overview

In a dynamically changing socio-economic environment with significant technical and technological progress, the notion of energy security takes on a new, broader meaning. Modern literature presents a variety of operational definitions of energy security. Most authors dealing with the issue of energy security expose its different aspects while standing in opposition to competing concepts. As a result, literature that addresses the problems of energy policy is becoming a platform for debates on the essence of energy security and the applicability of its various approaches to individual situations. There is no unanimity among authors with regard to the theoretical framework or the components of this notion. However, the issue of diversity of views is quite typical in social sciences and should not be taken negatively. Despite this, and perhaps contrary to the definitional wealth, experts in the field of energy policy constantly stress the necessity and urgency of undertaking work on the conceptualization of energy security. The aim of the article is a comprehensive review of the concept of energy security in the context of new trends in the development of the energy sector based on a narrative review of scientific literature. The main differences in the perception of energy security have been identified, and it has been pointed out that the “supply concept” of energy security is giving way to an approach in which energy is a factor initiating deep transformations of social systems by changing consumption patterns, reducing energy consumption, and forcing changes in economic systems by imposing energy efficiency standards and environmental standards.

Development of the intellectual potential of the enterprise in the conditions of modern changes

Introduction. The direction of the development of intellectual potential as a fundamental factor of ensuring the effectiveness of activities at the micro level in the conditions of changes in economic systems is studied. The strengthening of the influence of intellectual capital on the development of the intellectual potential of enterprises has been proven. An analysis of the state and dynamics of the intellectual added value of milk processing enterprises was carried out. Reserves have been established for the development of the intellectual potential of milk processing enterprises based on the improvement of intellectual capital management. The subject of the study is the development of the intellectual potential of the enterprise. The purpose of the study is to analyze the development of the intellectual potential of milk processing enterprises and to identify reserves for its improvement based on the improvement of intellectual capital management in the conditions of modern changes. Method (methodology). In the process of research, a complex of general scientific and special methods was used for the validity of the provisions given in the article, in particular: logical - when substantiating the impact of intellectual capital on the development of the intellectual potential of the enterprise; analysis and synthesis - for evaluating the main approaches to the interpretation of concepts and methods of assessing the amount of intellectual added value; comparison and grouping - for the systematization of indicators used to evaluate the effectiveness of managing the development of the enterprise's intellectual potential; graphic method - for visual representation of the results of analytical studies; abstract-logical - for theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions. The results. Reserves for the development of intellectual potential based on the improvement of management of the intellectual capital of milk processing enterprises have been identified. It has been proven that intellectual capital is the basis for the development of an enterprise's intellectual potential. The concept of the intellectual potential of the enterprise as an opportunity to create intellectual added value by setting up the production and commercialization of intellectual-intensive products, which ensures innovative business development, has been clarified. Predictive models of changes in intellectual added value for milk processing enterprises were built, as the main indicator of the level of management of the development of intellectual potential. The expediency of intensifying the processes of forming the intellectual capital of milk processing enterprises to increase the flows of intellectual added value is substantiated. Reserves have been established to increase the coefficient of intellectual added value at milk processing enterprises to increase the intellectual capacity of production. Scope of results. Spreading in the practical activities of Ukrainian enterprises that operate in the field of milk processing approaches to intensify the development of intellectual potential will allow to strengthen their intellectual capacity and innovativeness, which will improve opportunities for entering international markets.

Komunikasi Antar Budaya Dalam Perspektif Antropologi Islam

Intercultural communication develops based on two interconnected premises. First, you live in a time when changing technology, travel, economic and political systems, immigration patterns, and population density have resulted in a world in which you regularly interact with people from different cultures. Second, nowadays, people are very sensitive to the fact that the influence of culture on communication is very close and great. Your cultural background and experience help you determine how the world should be for you and how you will interact with it. Anthropological perspective in intercultural communication is looking at intercultural communication from an anthropological point of view, because the communication already contains cultural values. Intercultural communication is part of the marriage between the disciplines of anthropology and communication which later became a separate discipline both in communication science and in anthropology. Anthropology is one of the fields of science that is the root or foundation of the birth of communication science. In subsequent developments, cultural experts realized the importance of communication in the cultural field.
 Keywords: Intercultural communication and in anthropological perspective
 
 
 

The Issue of Post-Industrial Brownfields in Piraeus, Greece: Suggesting International Best Practices in the Era of Globalization

Piraeus, Greece’s capital port city since the ancient times, is now home to many abandoned industrial sites that present an opportunity for revitalization through regeneration. This article presents applications of brownfield regeneration policies from the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the EU Brodise Program for the case of Piraeus, Greece. The paper includes a theoretical framework that introduces the historical patterns of development through globalization and changing economic systems that led to the presence of brownfield sites around the world. The research utilizes field work at major brownfield sites in Piraeus including site visits and stakeholder interviews, alongside literature review. The ultimate goal of the article is to exemplify areas of proven brownfield regeneration success internationally that can be applied to future policies to support efficient, transparent, and sustainable regeneration projects in Greece.

20,000 years of small game hunting in southern Somalia

Archaeologists relate increasing forager reliance on small animals and broad-spectrum resource use to environmental and demographic changes in temperate regions during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2, 29-14.7 thousand years ago (ka), and MIS 1, after 14.7 ka. However, little research has examined the factors that influenced small game hunting in the arid and semi-arid tropics of eastern Africa during this period. To address this research gap, we report on a large MIS 2/1 (N = 81,986) faunal assemblage from Guli Waabayo rock shelter in southern Somalia. Dates from the site show repeated Later Stone Age (LSA) forager occupation throughout the mostly arid MIS 2 and wetter African Humid Period (AHP; 14.7–5 ka). Evidence of a major lithic transition between MIS 2 and the AHP suggests changing LSA mobility patterns and economic systems corresponded with regional precipitation fluctuations. However, unusually high frequencies of small taxa (e.g., dik-dik, rock hyrax, monitor lizard) and fewer large and medium species (e.g., kudu and warthog) throughout the Guli Waabayo sequence crosscut both climatic and technological changes. These findings contrast with studies in other world regions that emphasize small game hunting in response to environmental reorganization, changing forager land use strategies, and large game overhunting.

Komunikasi Antar Budaya Dalam Perspektif Antropologi Islam

Intercultural communication develops based on two interconnected premises. First, you live in a time when changing technology, travel, economic and political systems, immigration patterns, and population density have resulted in a world in which you regularly interact with people from different cultures. Second, nowadays, people are very sensitive to the fact that the influence of culture on communication is very close and great. Your cultural background and experience help you determine how the world should be for you and how you will interact with it. Anthropological perspective in intercultural communication is looking at intercultural communication from an anthropological point of view, because the communication already contains cultural values. Intercultural communication is part of the marriage between the disciplines of anthropology and communication which later became a separate discipline both in communication science and in anthropology. Anthropology is one of the fields of science that is the root or foundation of the birth of communication science. In subsequent developments, cultural experts realized the importance of communication in the cultural field.
 Keywords: Intercultural communication and in anthropological perspective
 
 
 

Teal companies as an effective form of organization in conditions of turbulence of the world economy

In the context of the COVID–19 pandemic, maintaining the sustainability of the socio-economic system is one of the main priorities of states. The basis of the economy is small and medium-sized businesses, whose representatives are daily faced with the solution of managerial and organizational tasks of different levels. Main purpose of study was to research the possibility “teal” strategies usage in activities of Kazakhstani companies. The article describes aspects of the implementation of the basics of “teal” strategy as a flexible form of business structures in offline and online modes. The introduction of elements of the “teal” strategy will allow integrating into the changing economic system in the future by revising the organizational structure of management. The article also discusses the experience of implementing the teal strategy on the example of foreign, including Russian, companies. The teal model in these companies is based on the principles of self-organization and self-development of the company's personnel, which allows the maximum use of human potential for self-development and internal motivation in achieving the company's business goals. Based on the results of the conducted research, the main conclusions are made about the possibility of applying the strategies of “teal” organizations in the practice of Kazakhstan SMEs. In addition, the difficulties of implementing “teal” strategies are identified and the main competencies necessary for the personnel of companies to transition to the proposed business structure models are proposed.

كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - جامعة تكريت

During the past decades, the world has witnessed large and rapid transformations, and these changes coincided with a change in economic systems from central planning to an economy directed by market forces, in order to reformulate international relations within a legal framework appropriate to the conditions of globalization. Oil to support development and raise the level of economic growth helped build a strong economic structure and vital and promising economic sectors, as a result of the state’s activation of the policy of diversifying sources of income and focusing on economic sectors promising development. As for the Iraqi economy, we find it, like other developing economies, from inherited problems that deepened its connection with global markets being a unilateral economy, the oil sector represents the important factor in revitalizing the economy and the source of economic growth and the survival of oil revenues, the main source of financing the government’s general budget, which led to a distortion in the structure of the economy and the weakness of its productive structure. The research was divided into three sections, as the first topic deals with the definition of the reality of the UAE economy and its development according to economic indicators, while the second topic deals with the reality of the state of the UAE economic structure and the sectors’ contribution to it and its development, while the third topic deals with the possibility of simulating the UAE experience in economic diversification with the Iraqi economy.

АНАЛІЗ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗРОСТАННЯ І ЙОГО ДИНАМІКИ В РЕСПУБЛІЦІ БІЛОРУСЬ

At the moment, the model of the economy of the Republic of Belarus is constantly developing, filling with new content as the external conditions and internal factors of the functioning of the national economic system change. The purpose of the study is to analyze the economic growth in the Republic of Belarus based on various methods. The methodological basis of the study was the methods of dialectics, methods and principles of interdisciplinary scientific knowledge of a subject of complex quality, the rules for constructing a paradigm and its terminological support. Research hypothesis. At the moment in the Republic of Belarus a "modern knowledge economy" is being formed, that is, the economic system, the economic order and the economic mechanism are constantly being improved .. Presentation of the main material. The article formulates the main hypotheses of the research, shows the stages of new economic relations, which are being reformed at a faster pace, taking into account the requirements of technical progress. It is substantiated that intensive or extensive types of economic growth do not exist in their pure form. There is always a combination of them with the predominance of one - predominantly intensive or predominantly extensive economic growth. The originality and practical significance lies in the attribution of growth to one type or another, depending on the value of the specific weight of the increase in production obtained due to a qualitative or quantitative change in its factors. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Based on an analysis of the past, an assessment of the existing problems and the results achieved in the present, it is possible to avoid possible risks in the future, and this is precisely what management excellence is about. And the correct perception and analysis of the reasons for the lag contains the potential for growth. Further research on the topic should be focused on clarifying the institutional foundations that can really streamline the limitations of the system for analyzing the economic growth of the state.

Цифровая трансформация как инструмент развития компаний в цифровой экономике на примере Татарстана

Objective: to describe the behavior of economic entities implementing the first projects in the sphere of digital transformation by the example of several service enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan (medium-size businesses).Methods: abstract-logical and dialectical, phenomenological methods.Results: the main motives of digital transformation are described; conclusions are drawn about the main external and internal challenges of such transformations for business entities (enterprises) in terms of changes in socio-economic factors and structural changes in economic systems at the meso-level. Three stages of implementation of the first projects in the sphere of digital transformation among the Russian private companies are identified by the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. Scientific novelty: it is shown that the implementation of projects in the field of digital transformation by enterprises leads to a lot of external effects; the reluctance to finance the benefits of other economic agents of the enterprise can reduce interest in digital transformation; the relevance of the research in the field of the digital transformation impact on the business development of modern enterprises is shown; the authors show the need to develop research of the impact of digital transformation on the business development of modern enterprises, depending on the industry and the business model used. Practical significance: the understanding of the economic entities’ behavior during implementation of the first projects in the field of digital transformation, revealed in the work, makes it urgent to develop a set of non-profit organizations in the field of digital economy to increase social capital in the society, and also creates a basis for further research in this area.

Bağımsız Denetçi Değişikliğinin Belirleyicileri: BİST Şirketleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Independent auditing firm rotation and independent auditor change is a significant issue in the context of globalization, in a challenging competitive environment created by developing technology and changing economic systems, in enhancing financial information security that affects the decisions of financial information users, ensuring auditor independence and the quality of the auditing. The study was carried out in order to determine the relationship betweenthe change of independent audit firm of companies traded in Borsa Istanbul (BIST) in Turkey, the province where the company to be audited, the sector in which it operates and the opinion of the independent auditor on a yearly basis. Within the scope of the research, the independent audit reports of 477 companies traded in the Borsa Istanbul (BIST TUM) XUTUM index, which are legally obliged to have their financial statements audited, between the years 2015-2020 wereexamined. According to the results of the research, when the rates of changing independent audit firms are evaluated separately in terms of province, sector and opinion, significant changes are detected. In the panel regression model, it has been determined that the variables of the province, the sector in which it operates and the opinion of the independent auditor do not have a significant effect on the change of independent audit firm.

Komunikasi Antar Budaya Dalam Perspektif Antropologi

Intercultural communication develops based on two interconnected premises. First, you live in a time when changing technology, travel, economic and political systems, immigration patterns, and population density have resulted in a world in which you regularly interact with people from different cultures. Second, nowadays, people are very sensitive to the fact that the influence of culture on communication is very close and great. Your cultural background and experience help you determine how the world should be for you and how you will interact with it. Anthropological perspective in intercultural communication is looking at intercultural communication from an anthropological point of view, because the communication already contains cultural values. Intercultural communication is part of the marriage between the disciplines of anthropology and communication which later became a separate discipline both in communication science and in anthropology. Anthropology is one of the fields of science that is the root or foundation of the birth of communication science. In subsequent developments, cultural experts realized the importance of communication in the cultural field.

Komunikasi Antar Budaya Dalam Perspektif Antropologi


 Intercultural communication develops based on two interconnected premises. First, you live in a time when changing technology, travel, economic and political systems, immigration patterns, and population density have resulted in a world in which you regularly interact with people from different cultures. Second, nowadays, people are very sensitive to the fact that the influence of culture on communication is very close and great. Your cultural background and experience help you determine how the world should be for you and how you will interact with it. Anthropological perspective in intercultural communication is looking at intercultural communication from an anthropological point of view, because the communication already contains cultural values. Intercultural communication is part of the marriage between the disciplines of anthropology and communication which later became a separate discipline both in communication science and in anthropology. Anthropology is one of the fields of science that is the root or foundation of the birth of communication science. In subsequent developments, cultural experts realized the importance of communication in the cultural field.
 Keywords: Intercultural communication and in anthropological perspective