Changes In Air Humidity Research Articles

Research on the self-correction method of substation crane operation safety height based on Kalman filter

In order to avoid the influence of changes in air humidity and uneven road surface at the location where the crane operates, the operating range calculated by the crane safety operation system and the actual minimum safe distance contour surface around the transmission wire are in contact, which affects the normal and safe operation of the substation. This paper proposes and implements a self-correction method for the safety height of substation cranes based on Kalman filtering. Firstly, the method integrates multi-source information, such as air temperature and humidity, attitude Angle between crane boom and horizontal plane and vertical plane, and crane boom elongation distance, and adopts multi-classification neural network intelligent algorithm to obtain the maximum safe operating height between the crane boom end and the high-voltage cable; then, combined with the Kalman filter algorithm to filter out the error data output by the laser ranging sensor, to achieve real-time correction and optimization of the vertical distance between the crane arm and the cable. The experimental results show that when the relative air humidity exceeds 80%, the safety alarm error rate is reduced by 12.76%, which effectively improves the reliability of the safe operation of the crane safety operation system when the air humidity exceeds 80%.

PARTICULAR FEATURES IN CHANGES OF CLIMATE COMFORT FOR HUMAN IN BELARUS FOR MONTHS AND SEASONS OF THE YEAR

In this article the study of comfort level of climate has been performed on the basis of analysis of spatiotemporal changes of bioclimatic indexes: effective temperature, equivalent-effective temperature and bioclimatic air heat content index for the period from 1966 to 2020. The increase in average temperatures, the decrease in wind speed and insignificant changes in air humidity led to the improvement in the comfort level of climate and weather and decrease in frequency of days with very cold weather. Usually, the increase in climate comfort level was less evident in mid-seasons than in winter and summer. In total, since late 1970s the most significant increase in values of climate comfort indices was observed in July–August and November–December; significant increase in values of effective temperature and equivalenteffective temperatures was also observed in February–April. This pattern of changes corresponds to climate changes during distinct phases of warming period, characterized by more significant increase in the average temperature in certain
 seasons. Thus, due to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of climate warming, the nature of changes, bioclimatic comfort
 indices is also heterogeneous. Nevertheless, it is possible to state that values of comfort indexes steadily increase since 1980s.

Evaluation of Frost Impact on Traditional Ceramic Building Materials Utilized in Facing Walls.

This paper takes into consideration the performance of traditional bricks as part of a building exterior wall finish. Exterior wall materials change their properties when exposed to external environment. This process is extended over time and its intensity is closely related to microstructure, moisture and freeze–thaw cycles. Two methods of freeze–thaw durability tests were used in this study: standard and defined by the authors. The authors’ method incorporated the actual conditions of masonry unit function in exterior wall finish, i.e., cyclical effects of precipitation water, changes in temperature and air humidity. The laboratory test study included 50 freeze–thaw cycles. Three characteristic ranges of pore dimensions were indicated in the analysis: below 0.1 µm, between 0.1 and 3.0 µm and above 3 µm. Based on the method of freeze–thaw durability testing, the areas of microstructure changes were determined. The obtained results were related to the absorption of ceramic building materials. The authors’ method confirms the usage of traditional ceramic building materials designed for use in protected walls against water penetration in unprotected exterior wall finish. The critical water saturation method of masonry units (standard) based on extreme environmental conditions generates significant changes in porosity distribution that do not reflect real, i.e., moderate, conditions. This method is appropriate for masonry units operating in severe conditions, i.e., F2. The aim of this study is to suggest a methodology for durability tests of traditional ceramic masonry units to cyclic freezing and thawing, which are only exposed to F1 (moderate) conditions during operation. Changes in the microstructure of the ceramic building materials were used as the primary evaluation criterion. In order to determine the effect of cyclic temperature changes, the freeze–thaw durability test was performed according to generally accepted standard procedures and in-house methodology. The purpose of the study is to point out the individual approach for the analysis of the material–environment system. At the same time, it should inspire researchers to innovative methods which use external conditions in a laboratory environment.

Evaluating Dimensional Stability in Modified Wood: An Experimental Comparison of Test Methods

Dimensional stability is a commonly targeted property for improvement through wood modification. Here four different tests have been performed on three types of modified wood to compare methods of measuring dimensional stability behavior. These tests cover long and short time periods, as well as dimensional changes caused by contact with liquid water, or from changes in air humidity. All the tests showed increased dimensional stability of the modified samples relative to the unmodified controls; however, the relative behavior of the different modifications varied between tests. Soaking in water until maximum swelling showed no differences between thermally modified and furfurylated samples, but a subsequent test showed large differences in the rate of swelling for each wood type, with the furfurylated samples swelling very slowly. Long-term swelling in humid air showed similar results to soaking in water, but with the thermally modified samples having significantly greater dimensional stability than the furfurylated samples. Swelling for a short period in humid air showed no difference in swelling between the modified wood types, but there was a threefold reduction in swelling compared to the unmodified controls. For a more complete understanding of dimensional stability, several tests employing different test conditions should be used.

Allergic rhinitis in children: a comprehensive approach to treatment

Prevalence of allergic rhinitis among chronic upper respiratory diseases in pediatrics is one of highest. Beside anti-inflammatory drugs (topical steroids, antileukotrienes, antihistamines), reliever therapies are important too in treatment of allergic rhinitis. Decongestant prescription in children should lasts no more than 7–10 days; combination of alpha1-adrenomimetic with topical antihistamines is one of possible ways to improve the efficacy, for example, the combination of dimetindene maleate with phenylephrine as nasal drops. We present the results of retrospective evaluation of 625 patients aged from 0 to 17 years with allergic rhinitis, diagnosed not less than 12 month ago. Among examined group, mild allergic rhinitis prevalence was 56.9%, moderate 37.2% and severe 5.9%. During the year all patients experienced 1754 exacerbations (on average, 2.79 ± 1.13 exacerbations per patient). Contact with allergen (35.3%) and respiratory infections (28.8%) were more prevalent reasons of exacerbation; non-specific trigger provocation (pungent smells, air humidity or temperature change etc.) (19.8%) and unknown reason (16.4%) of allerhttps://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-1-184-189 gic rhinitis exacerbation were less prevalent. When treated with combined nasal drops of dimetindene maleate and phenylephrine median [Q25; Q75] duration of exacerbation was a bit shorter 7.94 [6.25; 17.15] days, than using other decongestants, but difference was statistically insignificant. Combined nasal drops were maximal clinically efficient among patients under 12 years old with exacerbations, caused by allergens contacts. We did not register any adverse events caused by decongestant treatment, during our study. Patients with allergic rhinitis should be provided with written action plan for the disease exacerbation. Using as reliever therapy combined nasal drops (dimetindene maleate and phenylephrine) registered for patients from 1 year old, decrease number of medicines and reduce allergic rhinitis exacerbations duration.

Mechanics of inactive swelling and bursting of porate pollen grains

The structure of pollen grains, which is typically characterized by soft apertures in an otherwise stiff exine shell, guides their response to changes in the humidity of the environment. These changes can lead to desiccation of the grain and its infolding but also to excessive swelling of the grain and even its bursting. Here we use an elastic model to explore the mechanics of pollen grain swelling and the role of soft, circular apertures (pores) in this process. Small, circular apertures typically occur in airborne and allergenic pollen grains so that the bursting of such grains is important in the context of human health. We identify and quantify a mechanical weakness of the pores, which are prone to rapid inflation when the grain swells to a critical extent. The inflation occurs as a sudden transition and may induce bursting of the grain and release of its content. This process crucially depends on the size of the pores and their softness. Our results provide insight into the inactive part of the mechanical response of pollen grains to hydration when they land on a stigma as well as bursting of airborne pollen grains during changes in air humidity.

Climate change impact on extreme precipitation and peak flood magnitude and frequency: observations from CMIP6 and hydrological models

Changes in climate intensity and frequency, including extreme events, heavy and intense rainfall, have the greatest impact on water resource management and flood risk management. Significant changes in air temperature, precipitation, and humidity are expected in future due to climate change. The influence of climate change on flood hazards is subject to considerable uncertainty that comes from the climate model discrepancies, climate bias correction methods, flood frequency distribution, and hydrological model parameters. These factors play a crucial role in flood risk planning and extreme event management. With the advent of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6, flood managers and water resource planners are interested to know how changes in catchment flood risk are expected to alter relative to previous assessments. We examine catchment-based projected changes in flood quantiles and extreme high flow events for Awash catchments. Conceptual hydrological models (HBV, SMART, NAM and HYMOD), three downscaling techniques (EQM, DQM, and SQF), and an ensemble of hydrological parameter sets were used to examine changes in peak flood magnitude and frequency under climate change in the mid and end of the century. The result shows that projected annual extreme precipitation and flood quantiles could increase substantially in the next several decades in the selected catchments. The associated uncertainty in future flood hazards was quantified using aggregated variance decomposition and confirms that climate change is the dominant factor in Akaki (C2) and Awash Hombole (C5) catchments, whereas in Awash Bello (C4) and Kela (C3) catchments bias correction types is dominate, and Awash Kuntura (C1) both climate models and bias correction methods are essential factors. For the peak flow quantiles, climate models and hydrologic models are two main sources of uncertainty (31% and 18%, respectively). In contrast, the role of hydrological parameters to the aggregated uncertainty of changes in peak flow hazard variable is relatively small (5%), whereas the flood frequency contribution is much higher than the hydrologic model parameters. These results provide useful knowledge for policy-relevant flood indices, water resources and flood risk control and for studies related to uncertainty associated with peak flood magnitude and frequency.

Leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit differently affects barley depending on soil water availability

Plant response to drought may be altered by the variation in air temperature and humidity and these interactions may be more frequent and intense with expected climate changes. The study examines impact of temporal changes in air temperature and air humidity on spring barley grown in dry and wet soil.The impact of two hours long changes in air temperature and relative humidity (RH) was evaluated on spring barley grown in soil of optimum and limited soil water availability. The alterations in stomatal conductance, transpiration photosynthesis, leaf temperature in response of air humidity and air temperature were analyzed.Air RH strongly differentiated leaf stomatal conductance in plants grown in well-watered soil. Despite the low impact of air RH on leaf conductance in plants grown in dry soil, a significant decline in transpiration with an increase in air RH occurred. The increase in air RH induced significant increase in leaf temperature in well-watered plants. Changes in leaf vapor pressure deficit (LVPD) differently affected stomatal conductance (gH2O) in plants grown in soil with optimum and limited water availability.Temporal changes in air humidity and temperature differently affected barley grown under optimum and limited water availability.

KELEMBABAN UDARA DENGAN ALAT HUMYDIMETER PADA LAHAN SAWAH DI KELURAHAN TANAH MERAH

Humidity is the concentration of water vapor in the air. In agriculture, air humidity is associated with increased productivity and development of cultivated plants, humidity in the environment where it grows can determine the selection of appropriate plant species, the purpose of this study was to determine air humidity in paddy fields between April, May , and June, changes in air humidity at any time describe the water vapor content in the air can be expressed as absolute humidity, relative or vapor pressure deficit, relative humidity compares the actual water vapor content/pressure with its saturation state or the air's capacity to accommodate water vapor. The relationship between air humidity in paddy fields in Tanah Merah Village is relatively low, this is the impact of changes in temperature, quantity and quality of radiation, wind movement, air pressure, vegetation, and availability of water and productivity of irrigated ricefields

Building the bridge between safety requirements and numerical modeling: an example considering crack development of Opalinus clay in laboratory and field scales

Abstract. Salt, crystalline and clay formations are under discussion as potential host rocks for storage of heat-generating radioactive waste. Each of these rocks has a different structure and composition, and consequently a different material behavior. The latter needs to be studied and evaluated with respect to the main aim: to find a place to store the waste in a safe and sustainable manner. Several requirements in the context of the safety of a repository need to be fulfilled, concerning the long-term as well as the operational phase. One key point in this matter is the integrity, which refers to retention of the isolating rock zone's containment capabilities. With the focus on some experimental and numerical investigations on the excavation influenced near-field behavior of Opalinus clay (OPA), this contribution aims to illustrate an example for the role of numerical modeling in safety assessment. Once, e.g. anthropogenic action such as excavation starts, the natural state of equilibrium in the formation is disturbed. Trying to restore it, the rock deforms (convergence) and/or releases energy in other ways such as cracking. This could lead to loss of integrity since crack nucleation and propagation can affect the mechanical stability and create paths to transport contaminants. During operation in the excavated rock, environmental changes, e.g. temperature and humidity, further affect its behavior. The understanding of these dynamic phenomena ideally needs to occur at the in situ scale; however, performing an experiment in the spatial and time scales of interest is not always possible. For this reason, the in situ problem needs to be formulated, abstracted and mathematically modeled. The interpretation of the results must take place with simplifying assumptions and complementary laboratory scale experiments can be used to improve understanding of the system. The real problem is approached stepwise, each step associated to the size of the model and its complexity. The gradually obtained knowledge is necessary to achieve a better understanding of the process and to evaluate the capacities and limitations of the models. This contribution aims at showing the basic practical steps for numerical modeling with particular focus on the preparation and interpretation of the models and results, e.g. model calibration, verification and validation. As an example, the OPA at the Mont Terri site is chosen. The material parameters are obtained either experimentally or from the literature. We choose and perform laboratory scale simulations that are related to nearly the same mechanism as in the in situ scale. To have a first impression on the latter, a simplified, large-scale numerical model is prepared. The mechanism in study is drying and wetting, which is associated with shrinkage and swelling. We analyze the pore pressure and stress development in both scales. Thus, hydraulic mechanically coupled approaches are essential. The concept of effective stress is used, which combines the contributions of the solid and fluid phases (gas and liquid). In the current modeling approach, the gas pressure remains constant (atmospheric pressure) and during drying, the liquid pressure induces capillary pressure development and decrease of saturation. The laboratory scale simulation is important to evaluate the model of choice and to assess potential numerical problems. Furthermore, it can be used to perform a sensitivity study of material and numerical parameters. This step is necessary during the development or extension of numerical models as well as to evaluate their applicability on new research questions. The simplified in situ scale numerical model is then extended. In this phase the numerical model is evaluated once again, especially with respect to its complexity. Furthermore, specific questions related to this scale are posed: overall behavior of the rock, influence of the excavation, seasonal and long-term effects. In this contribution we deal with the long-term cyclic deformation (CD-A) experiment. The CD-A experiment has been taking place in the Mont Terri Rock Laboratory since October 2019. It consists of twin niches, a closed and an open niche, subjected to either high air humidity or seasonal humidity changes leading to saturation/desaturation during summer/winter in the OPA, respectively. Several parameters are periodically or continuously measured, including relative air humidity, convergence and crack development. We attempt to transfer the knowledge and numerical models developed in the small scale to the large scale and to evaluate the possibilities and limitations of the chosen approaches by comparing the numerical and experimental results.

Lightning Behaviour during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background COVID-19 has drastically dampened human activities since early 2020. Studies have shown that this has resulted in changes in air temperature and humidity. Since lightning activities are dependent on air temperature and humidity, this study is conducted to evaluate the correlation between the intensity of lightning activities with the atmospheric changes, and investigates the changes, in lightning activities due to atmospheric changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The hypothesis was tested through a t-test and Pearson's correlation study. The variation trend of lightning strikes count (LSC) in Europe and Oceania during the five months COVID-19 lockdown period (March - July) compared to the same period in the previous five years from 2015 to 2019 is investigated. Results Statistical analysis shows the LSC in Europe and Oceania during the lockdown period dropped significantly by more than 50% and 44% respectively compared to the same period in previous five years. Furthermore, LSC was found to be positively correlated with air temperature and relative humidity in Europe. However, in Oceania, LSC seems to be only positively correlated with air temperature but negatively correlated with relative humidity. Conclusions This study seems to suggest that lightning activities have significantly changed during this pandemic due to reduction in human activities.

Lightning Behaviour during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background COVID-19 has drastically dampened human activities since early 2020. Studies have shown that this has resulted in changes in air temperature and humidity. Since lightning activities are dependent on air temperature and humidity, this study is conducted to evaluate the correlation between the intensity of lightning activities with the atmospheric changes, and investigates the changes, in lightning activities due to atmospheric changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The hypothesis was tested through a t-test and Pearson's correlation study. The variation trend of lightning strikes count (LSC) in Europe and Oceania during the five months COVID-19 lockdown period (March - July) compared to the same period in the previous five years from 2015 to 2019 is investigated. Results Statistical analysis shows the LSC in Europe and Oceania during the lockdown period dropped significantly by more than 50% and 44% respectively compared to the same period in previous five years. Furthermore, LSC was found to be positively correlated with air temperature and relative humidity in Europe. However, in Oceania, LSC seems to be only positively correlated with air temperature but negatively correlated with relative humidity. Conclusions This study seems to suggest that lightning activities have significantly changed during this pandemic due to reduction in human activities.

Experimental and Modeling Investigations on the Water Sorption Behaviors of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete.

The thermal and moisture properties of building envelope materials determine their performance over many years of use. Moisture has a particularly negative impact, impairing all the technical parameters and adversely affecting the microclimatic conditions inside the building. This article presents research and analysis on the moisture behavior of partitions made of autoclaved aerated concrete. Autoclaved aerated concrete is a very popular material for building external walls because of its relatively good thermal insulation and sufficient strength, if it is not subjected to increased moisture. This study investigated how the moisture content of this material changes with the change in relative air humidity. The four most popular density classes were studied. The sorption isotherms were determined by the static gravimetric method throughout the whole hygroscopic range. Moreover, the applicability of various models to describe sorption isotherms of this material group has been extensively evaluated. The tested models (Peleg, Redlich, Chen, Oswin, Henderson, Lewicki, Caurie, and GAB) all provided a very good fit with the experimental results for the tested material group (R2 ranged from 0.9599 to 0.9978). This paper indicates that the use of two additional approximation parameters (SSE and RMSE) allows a more precise assessment of the quality of individual models.

Accelerated ageing of paper: effect of lignin content and humidity on tensile properties

Paper degradation menaces the useful lifetime of books, manuscripts, and works on paper during storage, circulation, and display in libraries, archives, and museums. Severe damages such as embrittlement, decay, and mold often occur to the paper that might threaten to lose cultural heritage. However, the shelf life of papers stored in suitable conditions can be extended by hundreds of years. The most important external factors affecting the deterioration of paper-based materials include, in particular, changes in temperature and air humidity. In this study, the effects of accelerated aging under different conditions, including substantially different relative humidity, were considered relative to the strength properties of the paper sheets. These include the mechanical strength, such as breaking length, tear resistance, and bursting strength of the paper samples before and after dry heat aging and hydrothermal aging. Samples with various content of lignin produced in neutral pH were examined to exclude the adverse influence of acidity on paper properties. The results indicate that impact of moisture on tensile properties and pH-value of paper is much greater than the effect of increased temperature. The results of this work are intended to consolidate and expand the theoretical foundation and provide technical support for the conservators and library staff on the storage of paper cultural relics.

Leaf Water Storage and Robustness to Intermittent Drought: A Spatially Explicit Capacitive Model for Leaf Hydraulics.

Leaf hydraulic networks play an important role not only in fluid transport but also in maintaining whole-plant water status through transient environmental changes in soil-based water supply or air humidity. Both water potential and hydraulic resistance vary spatially throughout the leaf transport network, consisting of xylem, stomata and water-storage cells, and portions of the leaf areas far from the leaf base can be disproportionately disadvantaged under water stress. Besides the suppression of transpiration and reduction of water loss caused by stomatal closure, the leaf capacitance of water storage, which can also vary locally, is thought to be crucial for the maintenance of leaf water status. In order to study the fluid dynamics in these networks, we develop a spatially explicit, capacitive model which is able to capture the local spatiotemporal changes of water potential and flow rate in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous leaves. In electrical-circuit analogs described by Ohm's law, we implement linear capacitors imitating water storage, and we present both analytical calculations of a uniform one-dimensional model and numerical simulation methods for general spatially explicit network models, and their relation to conventional lumped-element models. Calculation and simulation results are shown for the uniform model, which mimics key properties of a monocotyledonous grass leaf. We illustrate water status of a well-watered leaf, and the lowering of water potential and transpiration rate caused by excised water source or reduced air humidity. We show that the time scales of these changes under water stress are hugely affected by leaf capacitance and resistances to capacitors, in addition to stomatal resistance. Through this modeling of a grass leaf, we confirm the presence of uneven water distribution over leaf area, and also discuss the importance of considering the spatial variation of leaf hydraulic traits in plant biology.

Lightning Behaviour during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background COVID-19 has drastically dampened human activities since early 2020. Studies have shown that this has resulted in changes in air temperature and humidity. Since lightning activities are dependent on air temperature and humidity, this study is conducted to evaluate the correlation between the intensity of lightning activities with the atmospheric changes, and investigates the changes, in lightning activities due to atmospheric changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The hypothesis was tested through a t-test and Pearson’s correlation study. The variation trend of lightning strikes count (LSC) in Europe and Oceania during the five months COVID-19 lockdown period (March – July) compared to the same period in the previous five years from 2015 to 2019 is investigated. Results Statistical analysis shows the LSC in Europe and Oceania during the lockdown period dropped significantly by more than 50% and 44% respectively compared to the same period in previous five years. Furthermore, LSC was found to be positively correlated with air temperature and relative humidity in Europe. However, in Oceania, LSC seems to be only positively correlated with air temperature but negatively correlated with relative humidity. Conclusions This study seems to suggest that lightning activities have significantly changed during this pandemic due to reduction in human activities.

Changes of the Microbiota Composition on the Surface of Pig Carcasses during Chilling and Its Associations with Alterations in Chiller's Temperature and Air Humidity.

In this study, we investigated changes of microbiota composition on the surface of pig carcasses during chilling and their associations with temporal and spatial changes of wind speed, air temperature, and air humidity. The composition of microbiota on a carcass surface varied greatly with sampling sites; in particular, the surfaces of forelegs and neck had higher load of microorganisms and different microbiota composition compared to in the air and other carcass parts. However, such a difference in the microbiota composition decreased as chilling time extended. The positive detection ratios of microbial genes resistant to sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, and β-lactams were found different greatly with chilling time and sampling sites. The β-lactam and tetracycline resistant genes were observed in higher ratios in airborne microorganisms in the chiller, while the sulfa and tetracycline resistant genes had higher ratios in the microbiota on pig carcasses. Actual measurements and dynamic simulation showed that air temperature and humidity varied greatly among different places in a chiller within the first 8 h of chilling, with higher values close to the door, but the differences became smaller afterwards. The micro-environmental differences and changes in the chiller may cause the different composition of microbiota on pig carcasses.

Lightning Behaviour during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background COVID-19 has drastically dampened human activities since early 2020. Studies have shown that this has resulted in changes in air temperature and humidity. Since lightning activities are dependent on air temperature and humidity, this study is conducted to evaluate the correlation between the intensity of lightning activities with the atmospheric changes, and investigates the changes, in lightning activities due to atmospheric changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The hypothesis was tested through a t-test and Pearson's correlation study. The variation trend of lightning strikes count (LSC) in Europe and Oceania during the five months COVID-19 lockdown period (March - July) compared to the same period in the previous five years from 2015 to 2019 is investigated. Results Statistical analysis shows the LSC in Europe and Oceania during the lockdown period dropped significantly by more than 50% and 44% respectively compared to the same period in previous five years. Furthermore, LSC was found to be positively correlated with air temperature and relative humidity in Europe. However, in Oceania, LSC seems to be only positively correlated with air temperature but negatively correlated with relative humidity. Conclusions This study seems to suggest that lightning activities have significantly changed during this pandemic due to reduction in human activities.

Bin Weather Data for HVAC Systems Energy Calculations

The increase in global air temperature is well documented, as during the last several years each decade has been consecutively warmer than the preceding. As climatic conditions affect the energy performance of buildings, the changes in outdoor air temperature and humidity will inevitably lead to significant alterations in energy consumption and costs for the heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) of buildings. The availability and quality of climatic data play an important role in the accuracy of energy analysis results. In this study, the hourly temperature and relative humidity of outdoor air measurements, for a period of three decades (1983–2012), recorded at the climatic station of the National Observatory of Athens were processed, and an up-to-date set of specific data for the application of bin methods was produced and presented. The data were then used to calculate changes in the energy demands in a typical office building throughout the specified period. Results showed a progressive reduction in the low and increase in the high temperature intervals, leading to an increase in the building’s annual energy requirements for air conditioning of up to 14.5% from the first to the third decade, with decrease in the energy demands for heating and increase in the energy demands for cooling.

Contemporary Direction of Eggplant Selection for the South of Russia

Eggplant selection is crucial for the south of Russia due to the concentration of production and processing capacities in this region. When selecting eggplants, regional characteristics, in particular specific stressors, should be taken into account. The main stressors are low temperatures in the initial period of plant growth and development, sharp changes in soil and air temperature and humidity during the growing season, high temperatures during crop formation, and harmful fungal and mycoplasma diseases. It is possible to reduce the dependence on imports by developing production in spring greenhouses, which will extend the consumption period by 3-4 months. This requires varieties and hybrids with specific properties: high productivity, high adaptability, compact habit of plants, lack of thorns, low pubescence, etc. F1 hybrids combining high productivity with adaptability and product quality can grow in greenhouses. When collecting linear materials for creating hybrids, it is advisable to use hard provocative backgrounds with a subsequent assessment of the combinational ability. This research aimed to develop new varieties and hybrids of eggplant for the south of Russia. The study was conducted in the Rostov Selection and Seed Center in 2010-2019 on fields and in spring greenhouses. Materials from different regions of the world were collected. Varieties and hybrids were evaluated by their valuable traits and properties. Linear materials were created for sources and donors of characters that are in demand. The collection of the best varieties was involved in selection programs for creating an assortment for the south of Russia. More than 10 eggplant varieties and hybrids with high productivity and adaptive qualities were obtained.
 Keywords: eggplant, source material, variety, hybrid, selection, signs, applications, stability, heterosis