Changes In Waist Circumference Research Articles

Lifestyle intervention based on exercise and behavioural counselling and its effect on physical and psychological health in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. An exploratory, pragmatic randomized clinical trial.

Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) often lead unhealthy lifestyles. This pragmatic trial evaluated the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention, consisting of a 12-week aerobic exercise program and behavioural counselling, in SSD outpatients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). It also aimed to assess persistence of potential effects in a 24-month long-term follow-up. Effectiveness was measured in terms of a wide range of outcomes involving physical and psychological health, quality of life, physical activity and changes in motivation to exercise within the context of the self-determination theory. Our primary outcome was waist circumference change. Thirty-three out of 48 participants completed the study. No differences between groups were found in terms of BMI change or other metabolic parameters. However, the active group (AG) showed improvement regarding waist circumference, negative symptomatology and identified motivation to exercise during the study and follow-up. The AG exhibited changes toward a more active pattern of activity after intervention. Moreover, belonging to the AG was a significant predictor for achieving any degree of clinical improvement after 24-month follow-up. Combined interventions of exercise and behavioural counselling in SSD patients with MetS should be considered as an essential part of the integral treatment in the context of mental health services.

Added sugar intake is associated with weight gain and risk of developing obesity over 30 years: The CARDIA study

Background and aimsNumerous prospective studies have examined sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) intake associated with weight gain or incident obesity. Because SSB accounts for only 33 % of added sugar (AS) intake, we investigated the associations of AS intake with change in weight and waist circumference and risk of developing obesity. Methods and resultsAt baseline (1985–86) Black and White women and men, aged 18–30 years, enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study and were followed for 30 years (2015–16). A diet history assessed dietary intake 3 times over 20 years. Multivariable linear regression evaluated the associations of change in weight (n = 3306) and waist circumference (n = 3296) across quartiles of AS, adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors, and anthropometrics. Proportional hazards regression analysis evaluated the associations of time-varying cumulative AS intake with risk of incident obesity (n = 4023) and abdominal obesity (n = 3449), adjusting for the same factors. Over 30 years of follow-up, greater AS intake was associated with gaining 2.3 kg more weight (ptrend = 0.01) and 2.2 cm greater change in waist circumference (ptrend = 0.005) as well as increased risk of incident obesity (HR 1.28; 95 % CI: 1.08–1.53) and incident abdominal obesity (HR 1.27; 95 % CI:1.02–1.60). ConclusionOur findings are consistent with recommendations from the 2020–2025 U S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans to limit daily AS intake.

Four-year longitudinal associations of physical activity, waist circumference, and blood pressure in UK adolescents.

This study assessed the specific influence of physical activity (PA) and waist circumference (WC) on the 4-year growth trajectory of blood pressure in UK high-school students. Four-year longitudinal monitoring of 1501 adolescents was conducted as part of the EoEHHS. Measurements were taken in Grades (G)7, 9, and 11. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased over the 4-year period (SBP G7 114.6 ± 8.9 mmHg, G9 118.1 ± 9.7 mmHg, G11 122.8 ± 7.8 mmHg; DBP G7 66.7 ± 6.6 mmHg, G9 68.0 ± 6.4 mmHg, G11 70.0 ± 5.2 mmHg). Baseline WC predicted baseline and growth in SBP, but the strongest contribution to SBP came from changes in WC (β = 0.084, p = 0.002). Baseline PAQ-A score (β = -0.822, p = 0.020) and changes in PAQ-A score (β = -0.650, p = 0.019) were associated with smaller increases in DBP over the 4-year measurement period. Baseline and change in WC predicted the growth trajectory of SBP, while baseline and change in PA predicted the growth trajectory of DBP. PA and WC have a prognostic value in predicting changes in blood pressure in adolescents. Increasing PA during adolescence could slow the rise in DBP over time. This is meaningful for future hypertension and CVD risk reduction into adulthood. Hypertension in adolescents is a growing health problem that is often overlooked. Baseline and changes in waist circumference over a 4-year period predicted development of systolic blood pressure, while baseline and changes in physical activity predicted development of diastolic blood pressure. Physical activity and waist circumference have a prognostic value in predicting changes in blood pressure in adolescents and could be valuable in planning programmes to prevent hypertension in similar communities and reduce the risk of future adult hypertension.

THU651 Testosterone Treatment And Sexual Function In Men With Or At Risk Of T2D: The T4DM Study

Abstract Disclosure: G.A. Wittert: Advisory Board Member; Self; Bayer Schering Pharma. Speaker; Self; Bayer Schering Pharma, Besin. K. Robledo: None. M. Grossmann: None. B.B. Yeap: Advisory Board Member; Self; Bayer Schering Pharma. Grant Recipient; Self; Bayer Schering Pharma, Lawley. B.G. Stuckey: None. W.J. Inder: None. K. Bracken: None. D.R. Jesudason: None. C.A. Allan: None. D.J. Handelsman: None. Background: In T4DM (men aged 50 – 74 yrs., waist circumference (WC) ≥95cm cm, prediabetes, or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and serum testosterone (T) ≤ 14 nmol/L), 2 years treatment with T-undecanoate (1000 mg IM 3 monthly) vs placebo while enrolled in a lifestyle weight management program, decreased fat mass, and reduced the risk of T2D by 40%. Aim: To determine baseline predictors and T treatment effects on sexual function (SF) over time, including interactions with changes in waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), glucose and mood. Methods: Adjusting for baseline sociodemographic, clinical parameters and serum sex steroid (LCMS) concentrations, linear mixed effects models were fitted to assess T treatment effects on measures of SF (erectile function (EF), sexual desire (SD), orgasmic function (OF), intercourse satisfaction (IS) and overall satisfaction (OS) via questionnaire (IIEF)) completed by each participant at baseline and weeks 30, 54, 78, and 102, together with WC, BP, glucose, trough T, estradiol (E), T:E ratio and mood (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) at weeks 0, 54 and 102. Results Among men on T (504) or placebo (503) at baseline, age was inversely associated with all SF scales (p <0.001), and WC and CES-D score inversely associated with EF (p=0.041) and SD (p=0.029). There was no effect of baseline T, E or T:E ratio on SF. T treatment improved all SF measures (p<0.001) peaking at 30-54 weeks). The T treatment effect on SD and OF (both p-int=0.014) was greater in older men. Increasing WC over time was inversely associated with EF (p=0.036) and SD (p=0.043) scores, with no interaction with T treatment. SF scores were unaffected by changes in glucose, BP, or trough T, E or T:E ratio. Increase in depression scores corresponded to decreases in all SF scores (p <0.001). T treatment increased SD more in those with higher depression scores (p int=0.026) while not affecting the CES-D scores. Conclusion: Baseline age, WC, and depression scores, but not T were inversely associated with SF measures which improved with T treatment regardless of baseline T, E, or T:E ratio. T treatment improved SD and OF more in older men, and SD in those with more depressive symptoms. Change in WC was inversely associated with EF and SD, independent of T treatment. A pharmacological effect of T treatment to improve SF, particularly in older and depressed men, coexists with benefits from reduced central adiposity. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

Thyroid-Related Hormones Changes Predict Changes in Anthropometric Measures and Incidence of Obesity in Chinese Euthyroid Persons.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of thyroid-related hormones changes within the reference range with the changes in anthropometric measures and incidence of obesity. The study included 4850 subjects with normal thyroid-related hormones at baseline and at follow-up. We evaluated the relationship of changes in thyroid-related biomarkers with anthropometric measures changes and incidence of obesity. In euthyroid persons, changes in serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations and FT3/FT4 ratio were independent predictors of changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in men, changes in serum FT3 and FT4 concentrations and FT3/FT4 ratio were independent predictors of changes in BMI and WC in women. Every single unit increment in ΔFT3/FT4 was accompanied by a 7.144 and 7.572 times risk of having obesity in men and women, respectively. Every single unit decrement in ΔFT4 was accompanied by a 21.0% and 26.9% lower risk of having obesity in men and women, respectively. In conclusion, in euthyroid individuals, changes in thyroid-related hormones were associated with anthropometric measures changes and incidence of obesity.

DNA Methylation at ABCG1 and Long-term Changes in Adiposity and Fat Distribution in Response to Dietary Interventions: The POUNDS Lost Trial.

To examine whether participants with different levels of diabetes-related DNA methylation at ABCG1 might respond differently to dietary weight loss interventions with long-term changes in adiposity and body fat distribution. The current study included overweight/obese participants from the POUNDS Lost trial. Blood levels of regional DNA methylation at ABCG1 were profiled by high-resolution methylC-capture sequencing at baseline among 673 participants, of whom 598 were followed up at 6 months and 543 at 2 years. Two-year changes in adiposity and computed tomography-measured body fat distribution were calculated. Regional DNA methylation at ABCG1 showed significantly different associations with long-term changes in body weight and waist circumference at 6 months and 2 years in dietary interventions varying in protein intake (interaction P < 0.05 for all). Among participants assigned to an average-protein (15%) diet, lower baseline regional DNA methylation at ABCG1 was associated with greater reductions in body weight and waist circumference at 6 months and 2 years, whereas opposite associations were found among those assigned to a high-protein (25%) diet. Similar interaction patterns were also observed for body fat distribution, including visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, deep subcutaneous adipose tissue, and total adipose tissue at 6 months and 2 years (interaction P < 0.05 for all). Baseline DNA methylation at ABCG1 interacted with dietary protein intake on long-term decreases in adiposity and body fat distribution. Participants with lower methylation at ABCG1 benefitted more in long-term reductions in body weight, waist circumference, and body fat distribution when consuming an average-protein diet.

Efficacy and Side Effects of Aripiprazole and Olanzapine in Patients with Psychotic Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

In clinical experience, selecting atypical antipsychotics optimally balancing their benefits and potential side effects is seen to improve treatment adherence in patients. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and side effect profiles of aripiprazole and olanzapine in patients with psychotic disorders. In this double-blind clinical trial, the subjects were patients with psychotic disorders treated with aripiprazole and olanzapine. The subjects were randomly divided into two equally sized groups. One group was treated with olanzapine and the other group with aripiprazole. All participants were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale and side effects were monitored over a two-month follow-up period. The participants comprised N = 76 patients (65 male; 11 female). Treatments with both aripiprazole (n = 38) and olanzapine (n = 38) were associated with a significant decrease in the severity of psychotic symptoms over the two-month treatment period. This decrease was achieved faster in the olanzapine group. There were no significant differences in the changes in body mass index, waist circumference, blood sugar, triglyceride, or cholesterol between the two groups. A qualitative difference between the groups was found in their total sleep duration. Olanzapine was more effective than aripiprazole in reducing psychotic symptoms. There were no significant differences between the overall side effect profiles of the two drugs.

Dietary approach to stop hypertension and healthy eating index 2015, modify the association between FTO polymorphisms and obesity phenotypes

This study aimed to investigate the interaction of the healthy eating index (HEI) and the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet scores with FTO polymorphisms in relation to change in obesity traits. A total of 4480 subjects aged ≥ 18 years were selected from participants of the Tehran lipid and glucose study and followed-up 3 years. Selected polymorphisms (rs1421085, rs1121980, rs8050136) were genotyped and genetic risk score (GRS) was computed. HEI and DASH scores were computed based on dietary data. Changes in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were measured. Higher adherence to both DASH and HEI scores were increased with higher ages. Individuals with high GRS had a lower change in BMI when they had higher adherence to HEI, compared to subjects with lower HEI score (P trend = 0.01). Change in WC in participants in the fourth quartile of HEI score in minor allele carriers of FTO variants was lower compared to the first quartile; conversely, higher adherence to the DASH score by this genotypic group was related to increase in WC. No significant interaction was seen between FTO polymorphisms and both diet scores regarding changes in any of obesity traits. In conclusion, in individuals with high GRS higher adherence to HEI score was associated with lower change in BMI and WC, while higher adherence to DASH diet was associated with higher change in WC, compared to individuals with lower adherence to both scores.

Changes in Leptin to Adiponectin Ratio After Antiretroviral Therapy: A Pilot Observational Study.

Weight gain with the use of dolutegravir, bictegravir, and tenofovir alafenamide for antiretroviral therapy has been reported. However, studies on changes in body composition and the leptin/adiponectin ratio after antiretroviral therapy initiation are limited. These factors are important because they can be used as indicators of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk. This study aimed to investigate the changes in waist circumference, body composition, and adipokine levels after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy consisting of dolutegravir, bictegravir, and tenofovir alafenamide and evaluate the relationships between these parameters in Japanese patients living with human immunodeficiency virus. This is a single-center, prospective, observational study. Waist circumference, body composition, and adipokine levels were measured at baseline and 12 months after antiretroviral therapy initiation in antiretroviral therapy-naive Japanese patients living with human immunodeficiency virus. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. We included 11 patients (10 bictegravir/TAF/emtricitabine, 1 dolutegravir/lamivudine) in this study. The results showed no significant changes in waist circumference and body composition among the patients. The leptin/adiponectin ratio and serum leptin levels significantly increased after antiretroviral therapy initiation. Changes in waist circumference, fat mass, and visceral fat area showed a strong positive correlation. The leptin/adiponectin ratio increased following antiretroviral therapy initiation. The waist circumference measurement can be a simple, inexpensive, and useful method to identify changes in fat mass and visceral fat area after initiation of antiretroviral therapy.

Association between waist circumference trajectories and incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Waist circumference (WC) is linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence. However, the impact of longitudinal WC changes on NAFLD remains unclear. We investigated WC trajectories and NAFLD incidence in a large population-based cohort. We analyzed data from 2666 participants without NAFLD, who underwent biennial check-ups for 16 years, divided into a 6-year exposure period and a 10-year event accrual period. Participants were classified into increasing and decreasing WC trajectory groups during the median 5.9-year exposure period by group-based trajectory modeling. Multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analysis estimated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident NAFLD. During the median 9.7-year event accrual period, 799 participants developed NAFLD. The increasing WC trajectory group had a higher NAFLD risk than the decreasing group, with an HR of 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02-1.42). After adjusting for confounders, the adjusted-HR was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.07-1.53). Subgroup analyses revealed significant findings for groups, regardless of abdominal obesity status. An increasing WC trend was associated with a higher NAFLD risk, independent of abdominal obesity status. Monitoring WC changes may facilitate early detection of NAFLD risk groups and promote lifestyle modifications to prevent NAFLD onset.

Change in the food environment and measured adiposity in adulthood in the Christchurch Health and development birth cohort, Aotearoa, New Zealand: A birth cohort study.

This study investigated associations between change in the food environment and change in measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS) birth cohort. Our findings suggest that cohort members who experienced the greatest proportional change towards better access to fast food outlets had the slightly larger increases in BMI and WC. Contrastingly, cohort members who experienced the greatest proportional change towards shorter distance and better access to supermarkets had slightly smaller increases in BMI and WC. Our findings may help explain the changes in BMI and WC at a population level.

The Weight-loss Effect of GLP-1RAs Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Non-diabetic Individuals with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

BackgroundGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are new drugs for the treatment of obesity. ObjectiveTo assess the weight-loss effects of GLP-1RAs in the treatment of patients with overweight or obesity without diabetes. MethodsThis is a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from their inception to January 1, 2022. Eligible trials report on outcomes including body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), or total body fat (TBF). Mean differences (MDs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were summarized using random-effects models. ResultsForty-one trials involving 15,135 participants were included. Compared with controls, GLP-1RAs significantly reduced BW (MD -5.319 kg, 95% CI: -6.465, -4.174), BMI (MD -2.373 kg/m2, 95% CI: -2.821, -1.924), WC (MD -4.302 cm, CI:-5.185 to -3.419), WHR (MD -0.011, CI -0.015 to -0.007), but not TBF (MD -0.320%, CI -1.420 to -0.780). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) supported conclusive evidence of the effects of GLP-1RAs on BW, BMI, and WC for weight loss. GLP-1RAs had nonlinear dose-response relationships with weight loss. Extensive sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of the results, though the GRADE certainty of the evidence ranged from high to very low. High to moderate GRADE certainty of evidence suggested semaglutide as the most effective GLP-1RA agent, with the best efficacy and low to moderate risk of adverse effects. ConclusionsThe present study provides conclusive evidence for the effect of GLP-1RAs on weight loss in a nonlinear dose-response manner in patients with obesity or overweight without diabetes. In terms of changes in BW, BMI, and WC, there is firm evidence for the overall weight-loss effects of GLP-1RAs. Of the GLP-1RAs, semaglutide might be the most effective agent.

Comparative efficacy and safety profile of once-weekly Semaglutide versus once-daily Sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background The emergence of genetically-modified human proteins and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have presented a promising strategy for effectively managing diabetes. Due to the scarcity of clinical trials focusing on the safety and efficacy of semaglutide as an adjunctive treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycemic control with metformin, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. This was necessary to fill the gap and provide a comprehensive assessment of semaglutide compared to sitagliptin, a commonly prescribed DPP-4 inhibitor, in this patient population. Methods A comprehensive and systematic search was carried out on reputable databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Elsevier’s ScienceDirect to identify relevant studies that compared the efficacy of once-weekly Semaglutide with once-daily Sitagliptin in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The analysis of the gathered data was performed utilizing the random-effects model, which considers both within-study and between-study variations. Results The meta-analysis incorporated three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), encompassing 2401 participants, with a balanced distribution across the treatment groups. The primary focus of the study revolved around evaluating changes in HbA1C, blood pressure, pulse rate, body weight, waist circumference, and BMI. The findings revealed that once-weekly Semaglutide showed substantially improved HbA1C (WMD: −0.98; 95% CI: −1.28, −0.69, p-value: < 0.0001; I2: 100%), systolic (WMD: −3.73; 95% CI: −5.42, −2.04, p-value: <0.0001; I2: 100%) and diastolic blood pressures (WMD: −0.66; 95% CI: −1.02, −0.29, p-value: 0.0005; I2: 100%), and body weight (WMD: −3.17; 95% CI: −3.84, −2.49, p-value: <0.00001; I2: 100%) compared to once-daily Sitagliptin. However, there was an observed increase in pulse rate (WMD: 3.33; 95% CI: 1.61, 5.06, p-value: <0.00001; I2: 100%) associated with Semaglutide treatment. Regarding secondary outcomes, there was an elevated risk of total adverse events and premature treatment discontinuation with Semaglutide. The risk of serious, severe, moderate, and mild adverse events did not significantly differ between the two treatments. Conclusions In conclusion, the administration of once-weekly Semaglutide exhibited a substantial reduction in HbA1c, average systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and a rise in pulse rate, as opposed to the once-daily administration of Sitagliptin.

Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Single-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Study

Background: It has been revealed that low serum magnesium (Mg) is often associated with insulin Resistance (IR), cardiovascular problems, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are known to have a high incidence of insulin resistance. Objective: To assess the effects of magnesium supplementation on insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted in the Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from January 2021 to December 2021. A total of 74 women diagnosed of infertility with PCOS were included in this study. Eligible women who gave their informed consent were allocated into either group A: (Magnesium oxide) or group B (placebo) on the basis of a computerized generated table system allocated into two groups 37 patients (group-A) and 37 patients (group -B). Group A received magnesium oxide &amp; group B received a placebo for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of treatment, both groups were advised to repeat biochemical assay for fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, serum testosterone &amp; serum lipid profile at the follow-up visit. Results: Magnesium supplementation for 12 weeks among women with PCOS had favorable effects on waist circumference (changes from baseline in the intervention group: -0.76±3.1 vs. -1.7±1.8 cm in the placebo group) and BMI (-2.13±0.98 vs. -0.32±0.52 kg/m2) compared with the placebo group. Magnesium oxide led to a significant reduction in HOMA-IR (-1.49±0.95 vs. 0.09± 0.29) compared with placebo. Serum triglycerides was significantly decreased (-36.7±53.5 vs. 0.1±17.9 mg/d) in the magnesium group than placebo. HDL level was significantly increased in the magnesium group (2.3±5.9 mg/dl), while HDL level was decreased in the placebo group (-1.7±2.7 mg/dl). Significant mean change of total testosterone in magnesium group (0.43±0.35 ng/dL) than placebo group (-0.01±0.05 ng/dL). However, total cholesterol and LDL were also decreased in the magnesium group than in the placebo group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05) compared between the two groups. Conclusion: The present study provides evidence showing that magnesium supplementation resulted in reduced WC, BMI, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and testosterone levels in women with PCOS. Also, magnesium supplementation might increase serum HDL levels. Though there was a significantly increased pregnancy rate of magnesium supplementation than in a placebo group.

Effects of non-nutritive sweetened beverages versus water after a 12-week weight-loss program: A randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to compare non-nutritive sweetened (NNS) beverages versus water for weight loss after a 12-week behavioral weight-management program. This is an ongoing, 2-year, parallel-group, open-label, controlled equivalence trial; week-12 data are reported. Adults with BMI of 27 to 35 kg/m2 who regularly drank cold beverages were randomized 1:1 to intention-to-treat water or NNS beverages while undergoing a weekly 12-week group behavioral weight-management program. Weight change to week 12 was the primary end point (equivalence: two-sided p > 0.05); changes in waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, glycemic control markers, fasting lipid profiles, liver function tests, hunger (visual analog scale), sugar and sweetener consumption, and activity levels were secondary end points. Overall, 493 participants were randomized (water: n = 246; NNS beverages: n = 247); 24.1% were NNS beverage naïve. Weight change was equivalent with water versus NNS beverages (-5.6 vs. -5.8 kg; difference [90% CI]: -0.2 kg [-0.7 to 0.4]). There were no significant differences between groups for secondary end points except reductions in waist circumference (greater with NNS beverages vs. water), glycated hemoglobin, and consumption of any type of sweetener (both greater with water vs. NNS beverages). Weight loss was equivalent with NNS beverages and water following a 12-week behavioral weight-management program.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of variations of anthropometric measures of obesity with age in the Jackson Heart Study

ObjectiveTo explore how anthropometric measures of obesity vary with age among African American (AA) adults.Participants and setting3634 AA adults participated in the Jackson Heart Study (Jackson, Mississippi, USA) from 2004...

Relationship Between Change of Waist and Hip Circumferences Due To Online Lectures in Medical Students of Yarsi University Class of 2019 and The Review in Islamic Perspectives

Abstract written in English maximum 250 words. Abstract is made concise and clear with italic format. Abstract contains Online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic are implemented to reduce face-to-face activities. Online lectures have various impacts on students, one of them is reduced physical activity. The result of online lectures is a change in waist circumference and hip circumference. This may cause obesity in students. The objective of this study is to show the changes that occur and the relationship between changes in the shape of the hip and waist circumference due to online lectures in Medical Students of YARSI University Class of 2019. This study used a descriptive analytic study with a Paired t-Test research design. The sample size used in this study is 72 students. Sampling method used in this study is a purposive sampling method. The research instrument is a sheet recording the waist and hip circumferences measured by a tape and repeated 2 times. Statistical analysis was performed by univariate test and bivariate Paired t-Test. Islamic views regarding changes in the body, one of which is waist and hip circumference due to lifestyle, will be held accountable later. Allah commands His people to be responsible for the body that has been given and take good care of it.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Incidence and Remission and Their Predictors During 7 Years of Follow-up Among Finns.

The incidence and remission of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are sparsely studied outside Asia. This prospective study aimed to investigate NAFLD incidence and remission, and their predictors among a general Finnish population. The applied cohort included 1260 repeatedly studied middle-aged participants with data on liver ultrasound and no excessive alcohol intake. Hepatic steatosis was assessed by liver ultrasound with a 7.2-year study interval. Comprehensive data on health parameters and lifestyle factors were available. At baseline, 1079 participants did not have NAFLD, and during the study period 198 of them developed NAFLD. Of the 181 participants with NAFLD at baseline, 40 achieved NAFLD remission. Taking multicollinearity into account, key predictors for incident NAFLD were baseline age (odds ratio 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.13; P = .009), waist circumference (WC) (2.77, 1.91-4.01 per 1 SD; P < .001), and triglycerides (2.31, 1.53-3.51 per 1 SD; P < .001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) (1.90, 1.20-3.00 per 1 SD; P = .006) concentrations as well as body mass index (BMI) change (4.12, 3.02-5.63 per 1 SD; P < .001). Predictors of NAFLD remission were baseline aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) concentration (0.23, 0.08-0.67 per 1 SD; P = .007) and WC change (0.38, 0.25-0.59 per 1 SD; P < .001). During follow-up, NAFLD developed for every fifth participant without NAFLD at baseline, and one-fifth of those with NAFLD at baseline had achieved NAFLD remission. NAFLD became more prevalent during the follow-up period. From a clinical perspective, key factors predicting NAFLD incidence and remission were BMI and WC change independent of their baseline level.

Association of changes in body mass index and waist circumference with cardiovascular risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A nationwide study

BackgroundWe investigated whether changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are associated with cardiovascular risk in patients with NAFLD using a nationwide dataset. MethodsUsing the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) data in Korea, a total of 19,057 subjects who underwent two consecutive medical check-ups (2009–2010 and 2011–2012) and who had a fatty-liver index (FLI) value of ≥ 60 were included in the analysis. Cardiovascular events were defined as the occurrence of stroke or transient ischemic attack, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular death. ResultsAfter multivariable adjustment, the risk of cardiovascular events was significantly lower in subjects with decreases in both BMI and WC (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69–0.99) and those with increased BMI and decreased WC (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59–0.94) when compared with those who showed increases in both BMI and WC. The effect of cardiovascular risk reduction among the group with increased BMI but decreased WC was particulary pronounced among those who had metabolic syndrome during the second check-up (HR, 0.63; 95% CI 0.43–0.93, p for interaction 0.02). ConclusionsChanges in BMI and WC were significantly associated with cardiovascular risk in NAFLD patients. NAFLD patients with increased BMI and decreased WC had the lowest cardiometabolic risk.

Sugar and low/no-calorie-sweetened beverage consumption and associations with body weight and waist circumference changes in five European cohort studies: the SWEET project

PurposeResults of prospective studies investigating associations between low/no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) and body weight-related outcomes are inconclusive. We conducted dose–response and theoretical replacement individual patient data meta-analyses using harmonised prospective data to evaluate associations between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, low/no-calorie sweetened beverage (LNCB) consumption, and changes in body weight and waist circumference.MethodsIndividual participant data were obtained from five European studies, i.e., Lifelines Cohort Study, NQplus study, Alpha Omega Cohort, Predimed-Plus study, and Feel4diabetes study, including 82,719 adults aged 18–89 with follow-up between 1 and 9 years. Consumption of SSB and LNCB was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires. Multiple regression analyses adjusting for major confounders and including substitution models were conducted to quantify associations in individual cohorts; random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool individual estimates.ResultsOverall, pooled results showed weak adverse associations between SSB consumption and changes in body weight (+ 0.02 kg/y, 95%CI 0.00; 0.04) and waist circumference (+ 0.03 cm/y, 95%CI 0.01; 0.05). LNCB consumption was associated with higher weight gain (+ 0.06 kg/y, 95%CI 0.04; 0.08) but not with waist circumference. No clear associations were observed for any theoretical replacements, i.e., LNCB or water for SSB or water for LNCB.ConclusionIn conclusion, this analysis of five European studies found a weak positive association between SSB consumption and weight and waist change, whilst LNCB consumption was associated with weight change only. Theoretical substitutions did not show any clear association. Thus, the benefit of LNCBs as an alternative to SSBs remains unclear.