Changes In Skeletal Muscle Mass Research Articles

Longitudinal changes in skeletal muscle mass in patients with advanced squamous cell lung cancer.

BackgroundSkeletal muscle depletion (sarcopenia) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer. We analyzed changes in skeletal muscle area using serial computed tomography (CT) until the death of patients with advanced squamous cell lung cancer (SQCLC).MethodsThis retrospective study comprised 70 consecutive patients who underwent palliative chemotherapy for SQCLC. The cross‐sectional area of the skeletal muscle at the level of the first lumbar vertebra (L1) was measured using chest CT. An artificial intelligence algorithm was developed and used for the serial assessment of the muscle area. Sarcopenia was defined as an L1 skeletal muscle index <46 cm2/m2 in men and < 29 cm2/m2 in women.ResultsThe median age was 69 years; 62 patients (89%) had metastatic disease at the time of initial diagnosis. Sarcopenia was present in 58 patients (82.9%) at baseline; all patients experienced net muscle loss over the disease trajectory. The median overall survival was 8.7 (95% confidence interval 5.9–11.5) months. The mean percentage loss of skeletal muscle between the first and last CT was 16.5 ± 11.0%. Skeletal muscle loss accelerated over time and was the highest in the last 3 months of life (p < 0.001). Patients losing skeletal muscle rapidly (upper tertile, >3.24 cm2/month) had shorter overall survival than patients losing skeletal muscle slowly (median, 5.7 vs. 12.0 months, p < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients with advanced SQCLC lose a significant amount of skeletal muscle until death. The rate of muscle area reduction is faster at the end of life.

도시숲 활용 산림치유 프로그램이 여성노인의 골격근량, 내장지방량 및 우울에 미치는 영향 1) - 안성 비봉산을 사례로 -

This study was conducted to check whether the activities of forest healing programs in urban forests have changed the skeletal muscle mass, visceral fat, and depression of elderly women living in cities. The subjects of the study were elderly women aged 60 or older living in A-city, Gyeonggi-do, consisting of a total of 33 people, 21 in the experimental group and 12 in the control group. The forest healing program was conducted once a week and total of eight times for two hours each time. Before and after the program, bone muscle mass and Visceral Fat were measured using the Inbody 720 (Biospace, Korea), and the depression scale was used. The average age of subjects in the experimental group was 60.3±9.4 and the average age of the control group was 63.6±5.8. After participation in the forest healing program, the Skeletal Muscle Mass changes in subjects showed significant changes from 2.52 before participation to 2.47 after participation, but the control group was not a significant change from 1.64 to 1.99. The change in visceral fat volume was significant for subjects in the experimental group, from 34.27 before participation to 31.64 after participation, but The control group was not a significant change from 35.02 to 33.18. The change in depression in the experimental group showed significant changes from 5.10 before participation to 3.85 after participation. It was confirmed that forest healing program activities using urban forests had a positive effect on Skeletal Muscle Mass and gut fat, which are factors for chronic diseases in elderly women, and depression in the experimental group was also reduced. Through the participation of regular and continuous forest healing programs, we would like to propose them as one basic data that contributes to the promotion of the physical health and psychological health of the elderly, such as depression.

Chronological Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass Two Years after Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Preoperative loss of skeletal muscle mass, defined as sarcopenia, has been reported to be associated with higher incidence of complications following esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer. Although skeletal muscle loss promotes disability and reduced quality of life (QOL), only a few studies have focused on changes in skeletal muscle mass after surgery. This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the chronological changes in skeletal muscle mass after minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). Patients with esophageal cancer scheduled to undergo MIE at our institution were prospectively registered. Skeletal muscle mass was evaluated before and 2, 6, 12, and 24months after surgery. The effects of preoperative sarcopenia on surgical outcomes and chronological changes in skeletal muscle mass were evaluated. Among the 71 eligible preoperative patients, 29 (40.8%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia had significantly higher incidences of total (79.3% vs 52.4%, p = 0.026) and gastrointestinal (37.9% vs 11.9%, p = 0.019) complications and a significantly longer length of hospital stay (31 vs 23days, p = 0.005) than those without sarcopenia. The median skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m2) was 7.09 before surgery, which decreased to 6.46 two months after surgery (- 7.2%, P < 0.01). Thereafter, values of 6.90, 6.86, and 7.06 were reported at 6, 12, and 24months after surgery, respectively. Patients with preoperative sarcopenia developed more postoperative complications than those without it. Additionally, patients experienced a decrease in skeletal muscle mass during the early postoperative period following MIE. Further research on perioperative countermeasures to prevent skeletal muscle loss during the early postoperative period and to prevent postoperative complications is necessary for patients undergoing MIE.

Patient-Reported Health Status in Relation to Change in Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function during Left Ventricular Assist Device Support

Purpose Patients with heart failure (HF) frequently experience loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. It is unknown if loss of muscle mass and/or strength in patients with HF is associated with quality of life (QoL) reductions. Understanding the relationship between loss of muscle mass, strength and HF-specific patient reported health status is essential in defining the clinical importance of skeletal muscle wasting. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data collected prospectively between 5/2016-3/2020 from patients with advanced systolic HF requiring left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. There were 3 visits: 0 (baseline), 3 and 6 months of LVAD support. Each visit included whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to calculate appendicular lean mass (ALM), a hydraulic hand dynamometer for handgrip strength, and a Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). KCCQ is a HF-specfic measure of patient-reported health status, symptoms, physical/social functioning and QoL, with summary scores ranging 0-100 (higher indicates better health status) and domain-specific subscores. Linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate relationships between ALM, handgrip strength and KCCQ scores over time, adjusted for potential confounders. Results The cohort was 90% (36/40) male with mean age 57 ±12 years. The median HF duration was 50 months. From baseline to 6 months, there was a significant increase in KCCQ scores (baseline: 46.6 ±19.0, n=40; 3 months: 65.4 ±18.3, n=35, p Conclusion Among patients with advanced HF, skeletal muscle mass and patient-reported health status are positively associated and both significantly increase over the first 6 months of LVAD support. While muscle strength does not significantly change with time, it is significantly associated with patient-reported health status. Further research is necessary to fully evaluate the significance of restoring muscle mass and function to optimize patient-reported QoL.

Changes in the estimated renal function after hepatitis C virus eradication with direct-acting antiviral agents: Impact of changes in skeletal muscle mass.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can cause renal dysfunction, expected to improve upon HCV eradication. However, adverse effects of HCV eradication using direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) on renal function have been recently reported. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate renal function with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) estimated using creatinine (eGFRcre) and cystatin C (eGFRcys). Complete clinical information and preserved serum samples were collected from 207 patients with HCV infection treated with interferon-free DAA at baseline and SVR48 (SVR48). Patients who underwent paired computed tomography (CT) at baseline and ≥12months after DAA were evaluated for changes in skeletal muscle mass using the psoas muscle mass index (PMI). eGFRcre significantly worsened at SVR48, while eGFRcys was similar at baseline and SVR48. At baseline, eGFRcre was significantly higher than eGFRcys; eGFRcre and eGFRcys were similar at SVR48. Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of liver cirrhosis and low-albumin level, as well as cirrhosis and age, was significantly associated with the overestimation of renal function by eGFRcre at baseline and SVR48, respectively. In the 57 patients who underwent paired CT at baseline and≥12months after DAA, relative values of PMI significantly increased after DAA. After DAA, in patients with increased PMI (65% 37/57), eGFRcre significantly worsened but did not change in patients without increased PMI. eGFRcre significantly worsened after DAAs; however, this might not reflect accurate changes in renal function, partially because of changes in skeletal muscle mass. eGFRcys did not change after DAAs, and it is a potential alternative to eGFRcre.

Comparative study of the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and oral administration of branched-chain amino acid on preventing sarcopenia in patients after living-donor liver transplantation: study protocol for an open-label randomized controlled trial

BackgroundLiver cirrhosis is the irreversible fibrosis of the liver and causes refractory ascites and hepatic encephalopathy, which might not respond to treatment. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is an effective treatment for patients with cirrhosis. However, post-LDLT patients are prone to muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. Therefore, physiotherapy of post-LDLT patients is essential for preventing the progression of sarcopenia. Recently, rehabilitation using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been reported to be useful for preventing the progression of sarcopenia. Similarly, nutrition therapy is essential for post-LDLT patients because these patients frequently experience malnutrition. However, the effects of combined NMES and nutrition therapy on post-LDLT patients remain unknown.Methods/designThis open-label, randomized, parallel-group study will compare the effects of combined therapy with NMES and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) with those of NMES alone in patients with decompensated cirrhosis after LDLT. After LDLT, 50 patients with decompensated cirrhosis will be randomly assigned to receive NMES with BCAA or NMES without BCAA. The duration of the intervention will be 3 months. To analyze the change in skeletal muscle mass, InBody 770 body composition and body water analysis and ultrasonography will be performed before LDLT and 4 weeks and 12 weeks post-LDLT. The primary endpoint is changes in the skeletal muscle mass from baseline to 3 months. Important secondary endpoints are the changes in the skeletal muscle mass from baseline to 1 month and changes in the quadriceps strength from baseline to 1 month.DiscussionThe results of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the effect of NMES combined with BCAA therapy on the skeletal muscle of post-LDLT patients.Trial registrationJapan Registry of Clinical Research jRCTs071190051. Registered on February 26, 2020.

Marked loss of adipose tissue during neoadjuvant therapy as a predictor for poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer: A retrospective cohort study.

The influence of body composition changes during neoadjuvant treatment (NT) on long-term survival in patients with gastric cancer (GC) undergoing radical gastrectomy remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the association between changes in body composition during NT and survival in patients with GC. GC patients treated with NT and radical gastrectomy between 2015 and 2018 were included in this retrospective study. Skeletal muscle mass, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were measured by computer tomography before and after NT. Body composition changes during NT were compared with Kaplan-Meier curves. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were applied to determine the predictors of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). In total, 157 GC patients were studied. A marked loss of adipose tissue was associated with poor nutritional status. The median follow-up time for all patients was 25months. Patients with marked VAT loss (≥35.7%) during NT had significantly shorter OS (p=0.028) and DFS (p=0.03). Similarly, poorer OS (p=0.033) and DFS (p=0.003) were observed in patients with marked SAT loss (≥30.1%) during NT. Changes in skeletal muscle mass and body weight during NT were not associated with survival. Marked VAT loss accompanied by marked SAT loss was an independent predictor of OS (hazards ratio=2.447; p=0.045) and DFS (hazards ratio=2.674; p=0.018). Patients with locally advanced GC have a worse survival when they experienced marked loss of adipose tissue during NT.

Clinical effect of enteral nutrition support during neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the preservation of skeletal muscle mass in patients with esophageal cancer

Reductions in skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant therapy can have a negative effect on short- and long-term outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer. However, effective treatment for suppressing reductions in skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant therapy has not been established. Eighty-seven patients were included in this study who were enrolled in a previous randomized study comparing the effects of enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) on chemotherapy-related toxicities during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal cancer patients. Changes in skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant therapy were compared between the two groups. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) decreased from 45.8cm2/m2 before treatment to 43.7cm2/m2 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 87 patients (p=0.092). The total calorie intake during neoadjuvant therapy was equal between the two groups. SMI reduction was significantly smaller in the EN group than in the PN group (-1.4cm2/m2 vs-3.0cm2/m (Gebski etal., 2007) [2], p<0.001). EN support was identified as the only independent factor adversely associated with severe SMI reduction (p<0.001). Patients with low SMI after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were more susceptible to postoperative complications than patients with moderate SMI (47.6% vs 16.7%, p=0.007), especially pulmonary complications (31.8% vs 10.8%, p=0.003). Patients with low SMI after neoadjuvant chemotherapy tended to show worse prognosis than patients with moderate SMI (5-year overall survival rate: 43.8% vs 62.1%, p=0.194). Compared with PN support, EN support during neoadjuvant chemotherapy suppressed reductions in skeletal muscle mass in patients with esophageal cancer.

The Relationship between Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels and Body Composition Changes after Sleeve Gastrectomy

Introduction: We previously reported that preoperative serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a predictor of total weight loss percentage (%TWL) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). IGF-1 may suppress muscle loss after surgery. IGF-1 almost accurately reflects the growth hormone (GH) secretion status, and GH has lipolytic effects. Therefore, IGF-1 may influence both the maintenance of skeletal muscle and the reduction of adipose tissue after LSG. The identification of the relationship between preoperative serum IGF-1 and body composition changes after LSG can help in understanding the pathophysiology of obesity. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 72 patients with obesity who underwent LSG and were followed up for 12 months. We analyzed the relationship between preoperative serum IGF-1 levels and body composition changes after LSG. A multiple regression model was used. Results: LSG led to a significant reduction in body weight. Both body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass decreased after LSG. Preoperative serum IGF-1 levels significantly correlated with %TWL, changes in skeletal muscle mass, and body fat mass after LSG. The multiple regression model showed that preoperative serum IGF-1 levels were related to decreased body fat mass and maintaining skeletal muscle mass after LSG. Discussion/Conclusion: Preoperative IGF-1 measurement helps predict not only successful weight loss but also decreases body fat mass and maintains skeletal muscle mass after LSG.

Change in skeletal muscle mass is associated with lipid profiles in female rheumatoid arthritis patients -TOMORROW study-

To examine the relationship between changes in skeletal muscle mass and lipid metabolism and glycometabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Data were analyzed from 148 female RA patients and 145 age-matched non-RA (control) female subjects from a prospective cohort study (TOMORROW; TOtal Management Of Risk factors in Rheumatoid arthritis patients to lOWer morbidity and mortality study). Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated as ASM divided by the square of height. The reference value for SMI in Asian women, 5.4kg/m2, was used to define low SMI. Data were assessed using cross-sectional (2010 baseline data) and longitudinal (change in value from 2010 to 2013) methods from the retrospective cohort. At baseline in RA patients, the low SMI group showed significantly higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol) (p=0.015), apolipoprotein (Apo)B (p=0.046), and ApoB-to-A1 (ApoB/A1) (p=0.025) than the normal SMI group. In multiple regression analysis of RA patients, sequential changes from 2010 to 2013 (Δ) in SMI and ApoB and ApoC2 showed significant negative relationships (β=-0.19,-0.18, respectively) even after adjusting for age, RA duration, exercise habits, medication for RA, disease severity, activities of daily living (ADL) and body fat mass. No significant relation was evident between ΔSMI and various glycometabolism parameters in RA patients. Skeletal muscle mass might be related to lipid metabolism in RA patients. This relationship is independent of factors such as disease severity and body fat mass.

Exploring the Impact of Obesity on Skeletal Muscle Function in Older Age.

Sarcopenia is of important clinical relevance for loss of independence in older adults. The prevalence of obesity in combination with sarcopenia (“sarcopenic-obesity”) is increasing at a rapid rate. However, whilst the development of sarcopenia is understood to be multi-factorial and harmful to health, the role of obesity from a protective and damaging perspective on skeletal muscle in aging, is poorly understood. Specifically, the presence of obesity in older age may be accompanied by a greater volume of skeletal muscle mass in weight-bearing muscles compared with lean older individuals, despite impaired physical function and resistance to anabolic stimuli. Collectively, these findings support a potential paradox in which obesity may protect skeletal muscle mass in older age. One explanation for these paradoxical findings may be that the anabolic response to weight-bearing activity could be greater in obese vs. lean older individuals due to a larger mechanical stimulus, compensating for the heightened muscle anabolic resistance. However, it is likely that there is a complex interplay between muscle, adipose, and external influences in the aging process that are ultimately harmful to health in the long-term. This narrative briefly explores some of the potential mechanisms regulating changes in skeletal muscle mass and function in aging combined with obesity and the interplay with sarcopenia, with a particular focus on muscle morphology and the regulation of muscle proteostasis. In addition, whilst highly complex, we attempt to provide an updated summary for the role of obesity from a protective and damaging perspective on muscle mass and function in older age. We conclude with a brief discussion on treatment of sarcopenia and obesity and a summary of future directions for this research field.

Frequent and personalized nutritional support leads to improved nutritional status, activities of daily living, and dysphagia after stroke.

Evidence for appropriate nutritional assessment, energy prediction, and adaptation and their effect on outcomes after stroke is scarce. We sought to determine the frequency of individualized dietary prescriptions issued for individuals undergoing rehabilitation after stroke and to analyze the effect of diet-prescription frequency on outcomes after stroke. This single-center prospective cohort study included poststroke patients newly admitted to convalescent rehabilitation wards. The frequency and content of dietary prescriptions issued as part of nutritional assessments were examined. Study outcomes were nutritional status assessed using changes in skeletal muscle mass, physical function assessed using the Functional Independence Measure motor score, dysphagia status assessed using the Food Intake LEVEL Scale (score < 7), and length of hospital stay. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine whether the frequency of dietary prescriptions issued during hospitalization was independently associated with outcomes of interest, after adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 454 participants (mean age=71.8 y; 53.1% men, 46.9% women) were included in the final analysis data set. A median of five (range, 2-11) dietary prescriptions were issued per participant during the median 96 d of hospitalization, with the most common items being diet-texture modification for dysphagia and oral energy/protein enhancement. In multivariate analyses, the frequency of dietary prescriptions was independently associated with the change in skeletal muscle mass (β=0.165, P=0.028), Functional Independence Measure motor scores at discharge (β=0.104, P=0.045), length of stay (β=-0.056, P=0.019), and presence of dysphagia at discharge (odds ratio=0.949, P=0.032). Frequent and individualized nutritional support is associated with improved nutritional status, physical function, and dysphagia after stroke. Intensive nutritional support through multidisciplinary discussion plays a central role in the prevention and management of malnutrition to maximize the improvement of patient outcomes. This study is the first to report this association.

Loss of skeletal muscle mass during palliative chemotherapy is a poor prognostic factor in patients with advanced gastric cancer

Cancer causes muscle mass loss, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy may also reduce muscle mass. We investigated skeletal muscle mass change during palliative chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and its association with treatment outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed 111 consecutive AGC patients who underwent first-line palliative chemotherapy. Skeletal muscle area was measured before and after chemotherapy at the third lumbar vertebra level using computed tomography scans. We compared skeletal muscle index (SMI), body mass index (BMI), and body weight changes to chemotherapy response and survival. The 80 male and 31 female patients’ median age was 65 (range 31–87) years, and 46.8% had sarcopenia at baseline. Median pre-chemotherapy to post-chemotherapy SMI, BMI, and body weight decreases were − 4.5 cm2/m2 (− 11.3%) (P < 0.001); − 0.7 kg/m2 (− 3.2%) (P < 0.001); and − 2.0 kg (− 3.5%) (P < 0.001), respectively. Median SMI decreases for patients with objective response, stable disease, and disease progression were − 4.0 cm2/m2 (range − 20.1 ~ 9.5); − 4.5 cm2/m2 (range − 19.8 ~ 0.8); and − 3.8 cm2/m2 (range: − 17.6 ~ 0.1), respectively. Response to chemotherapy was not associated with SMI decrease (P = 0.463). In multivariable analysis, sarcopenia at baseline (HR 1.681; 95% CI 1.083–2.609, P = 0.021), decreased SMI (HR 1.620; 95% CI 1.041–2.520; P = 0.032) were significant poor prognostic factors for survival. Skeletal muscle mass decreased significantly during chemotherapy in AGC patients, but was not associated with chemotherapy response. Decreased SMI was a poor prognostic factor in AGC patients during first-line palliative chemotherapy.

Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss During Cancer Treatment: Differences by Race and Cancer Site.

To examine skeletal muscle mass change in a racially diverse sample of patients undergoing cancer treatment, determine significant predictors of muscle mass loss, and explore the interaction of race and cancer site. A retrospective analysis was conducted for 212 patients seeking treatment at a university hospital clinic. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was determined by computed tomography at the time of cancer diagnosis and with cancer treatment. One hundred thirty-four patients (63%) had SMI loss with cancer treatment. Race and cancer site were found to be significant predictors of SMI loss. Compared to other racial groups, non-Hispanic Black (NHB) patients had the greatest SMI loss (p < 0.001) with cancer treatment. NHB patients with rectal cancer experienced the greatest SMI loss compared to patients of other races and cancer types. To improve survivorship care for patients with cancer, it is essential to develop strategies for assessing and managing skeletal muscle mass loss throughout treatment, particularly for NHB patients with rectal cancer.

Effects of 12 Weeks Combined Exercise on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Leukocyte Telomere Length in Elderly Women

PURPOSE: This study is to investigate the effects of combined exercise on body composition, physical fitness and leukocyte telomere length in elderly women.METHODS: Twenty-six elderly women were randomly divided into two group: combined exercise group (EXE, n=14) and control group (CON, n=12). EXE group performed combined exercise for 60 mintues per day, 2days/week for 12 weeks.RESULTS: There was significant interaction between groups and time points in body composition (e.g., skeletal muscle mass, visceral fat area, and Inbody score). EXE group was no significant changes in skeletal muscle mass, visceral fat area and Inbody score, but the CON group showed significant decrease in skeletal muscle mass and Inbody score. Furthermore, increased in visceral fat area. Among the measurement variable of physical fitness, there was significant interaction between group and time in 6 minutes walking test, chair sit test, and knee flexion muscle endurance. In EXE group, 6 minutes walking test and chair test was significantly increased, and there were no significant differences in knee flexion muscle endurance, whereas CON group, the 6 minutes walking test and knee flexion muscle endurance significantly decreased, and there was no significant difference in chair test. In addition, there was significant interaction between groups and time points in leukocyte telomere length. EXE group was no significant changes, but CON group significantly decreased.CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggest that combined exercise-induced improvement of body composition and physical fitness may have had a positive effect on leukocyte telomere length in elderly women.

Impact on postoperative complications of changes in skeletal muscle mass during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastro-oesophageal cancer.

BackgroundRisk assessment is relevant to predict postoperative outcomes in patients with gastro‐oesophageal cancer. This cohort study aimed to assess body composition changes during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and investigate their association with postoperative complications.MethodsConsecutive patients with gastro‐oesophageal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery with curative intent between 2016 and 2019 were identified from a specific database and included in the study. CT images before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were used to assess the skeletal muscle index, sarcopenia, and subcutaneous and visceral fat index.ResultsIn a cohort of 199 patients, the mean skeletal muscle index decreased during neoadjuvant therapy (from 51·187 to 49·19 cm2/m2; P < 0·001) and the rate of sarcopenia increased (from 42·2 to 54·3 per cent; P < 0·001). A skeletal muscle index decrease greater than 5 per cent was not associated with an increased risk of total postoperative complications (odds ratio 0·91, 95 per cent c.i. 0·52 to 1·59; P = 0·736) or severe complications (odds ratio 0·66, 0·29 to 1·53; P = 0·329).ConclusionSkeletal muscle index decreased during neoadjuvant therapy but was not associated with postoperative complications.

Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) and Measured Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) of Older Adults Following a 6-month Weight Loss Program

Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) and Measured Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) of Older Adults Following a 6-month Weight Loss Program

Effects of High Intensity Dynamic Resistance Exercise and Whey Protein Supplements on Osteosarcopenia in Older Men with Low Bone and Muscle Mass. Final Results of the Randomized Controlled FrOST Study.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of high intensity dynamic resistance exercise (HIT-DRT) and whey protein supplementation (WPS) on bone mineral density (BMD) and sarcopenia parameters in osteosarcopenic men. Men ≥ 72 years with osteosarcopenia (n = 43) were randomly assigned to a HIT-RT (HIT-RT: n = 21) or a non-training control group (n = 22). Supervised HIT-RT twice/week was applied for 18 months, while the control group maintained their habitual lifestyle. Supplying WPS, total protein intake amounted to 1.5–1.6 (HIT-RT) and 1.2 g/kg/body mass/d (control). Both groups were supplied with calcium and vitamin D. Primary study outcomes were BMD and the sarcopenia Z-score. After adjusting for multiplicity, we observed significant positive effects for sarcopenia Z-score (standardized mean difference (SMD): 1.40), BMD at lumbar spine (SMD: 0.72) and total hip (SMD: 0.72). In detail, effect sizes for skeletal muscle mass changes were very pronounced (1.97, p < 0.001), while effects for functional sarcopenia parameters were moderate (0.87, p = 0.008; handgrip strength) or low (0.39, p = 0.209; gait velocity). Apart from one man who reported short periods of temporary worsening of existing joint pain, no HIT-RT/WPS-related adverse effects or injuries were reported. We consider HIT-RT supported by whey protein supplementation as a feasible, attractive, safe and highly effective option to fight osteosarcopenia in older men.

Indicators of Absolute and Relative Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass during Adulthood and Ageing

This study aimed to explore the set of variables related to skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in both sexes, and to create age- and sex-related models of changes in SMM, using the most representative indicator of muscular status. Body composition was assessed in 8733 subjects (♀ = 3370 and ♂ = 5363), allocated into subsamples according to age: 18–29.9, 30–39.9, 40–49.9, 50–59.9, 60–69.9, and 70.0–79.9 years. Nine variables were used: protein mass, protein percent, protein mass index, SMM, percent of SMM, SMM index, fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, and protein/fat index. Univariate and multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA and MANOVA) were used to determine between- and within-sex difference in all variables by age. Correlation analysis established the relationship between age and muscularity variables. Principal Component Analysis extracted the variables that loaded highest in explaining muscularity, while regression analysis determined the linearity of association between the age and indicators of muscular status. Variables SMMI and PSMM were extracted as the most sensitive to age, with SMMI being gender-independent while showing the parabolic and sinusoidal form of change as function of ageing in males and females, respectively; and PSMM being sex-dependent while showing a linear trend of decrease in both sexes.

Dietary betaine intake is associated with skeletal muscle mass change over 3 years in middle-aged adults: the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study.

A higher dietary intake or serum concentration of betaine has been associated with greater lean body mass in middle-aged and older adults. However, it remains unknown whether betaine intake is associated with age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). We assessed the association between dietary betaine intake and relative changes in SMM after 3 years in middle-aged adults. A total of 1242 participants aged 41-60 years from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study 2011-2013 and 2014-2017 with body composition measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were included. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to collect general baseline information. After adjustment for potential confounders, multiple linear regression found that energy-adjusted dietary betaine intake was significantly and positively associated with relative changes (i.e. percentage loss or increase) in SMM of legs, limbs and appendicular skeletal mass index (ASMI) over 3 years of follow-up (β 0·322 (se 0·157), 0·309 (se 0·142) and 0·303 (se 0·145), respectively; P < 0·05). The ANCOVA models revealed that participants in the highest betaine tertile had significantly less loss in SMM of limbs and ASMI and more increase in SMM of legs over 3 years of follow-up, compared with those in the bottom betaine tertile (all Ptrend < 0·05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that elevated higher dietary betaine intake may be associated with less loss of SMM of legs, limbs and ASMI in middle-aged adults.