Changes In Physiological Parameters Research Articles

Feasibility of wearable sensor signals and self-reported symptoms to prompt at-home testing for acute respiratory viruses in the USA (DETECT-AHEAD): a decentralised, randomised controlled trial

Early identification of an acute respiratory infection is important for reducing transmission and enabling earlier therapeutic intervention. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the feasibility of home-based diagnostic self-testing of viral pathogens in individuals prompted to do so on the basis of self-reported symptoms or individual changes in physiological parameters detected via a wearable sensor. DETECT-AHEAD was a prospective, decentralised, randomised controlled trial carried out in a subpopulation of an existing cohort (DETECT) of individuals enrolled in a digital-only observational study in the USA. Participants aged 18 years or older were randomly assigned (1:1:1) with a block randomisation scheme stratified by under-represented in biomedical research status. All participants were offered a wearable sensor (Fitbit Sense smartwatch). Participants in groups 1 and 2 received an at-home self-test kit (Alveo be.well) for two acute respiratory viral pathogens: SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus. Participants in group 1 could be alerted through the DETECT study app to take the at-home test on the basis of changes in their physiological data (as detected by our algorithm) or due to self-reported symptoms; those in group 2 were prompted via the app to self-test only due to symptoms. Group 3 served as the control group, without alerts or home testing capability. The primary endpoints, assessed on an intention-to-treat basis, were the number of acute respiratory infections presented (self-reported) and diagnosed (electronic health record), and the number of participants using at-home testing in groups 1 and 2. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04336020. Between Sept 28 and Dec 30, 2021, 450 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to group 1 (n=149), group 2 (n=151), or group 3 (n=150). 179 (40%) participants were male, 264 (59%) were female, and seven (2%) identified as other. 232 (52%) were from populations historically under-represented in biomedical research. 118 (39%) of the 300 participants in groups 1 and 2 were prompted to self-test, with 61 (52%) successfully completing self-testing. Participants were prompted to home-test more frequently due to symptoms (41 [28%] in group 1 and 51 [34%] in group 2) than due to detected physiological changes (26 [17%] in group 1). Significantly more participants in group 1 received alerts to test than did those in group 2 (67 [45%] vs 51 [34%]; p=0·047). Of the 61 individuals who were prompted to test and successfully did so, 19 (31%) tested positive for a viral pathogen-all for SARS-CoV-2. The individuals diagnosed as positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the electronic health record were eight (5%) in group 1, four (3%) in group 2, and two (1%) in group 3, but it was difficult to confirm if they were tied to symptomatic episodes documented in the trial. There were no adverse events. In this direct-to-participant trial, we showed early feasibility of a decentralised programme to prompt individuals to use a viral pathogen diagnostic test based on symptoms tracked in the study app or physiological changes detected using a wearable sensor. Barriers to adequate participation and performance were also identified, which would need to be addressed before large-scale implementation. Janssen Pharmaceuticals.

Evaluation of three doses of oral trazodone and their impact on handling, activity, and physiological parameters in rabbits: a prospective, blinded, randomized cross-over study.

No study has determined the minimal effective dose of trazodone required to induce behavioral changes and its safety profile in rabbits. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the minimal effective dose of trazodone to improve compliance to handling, and to evaluate associated changes in motor activity, physiological and arterial blood gas parameters. Eight intact female New Zealand White rabbits (2-month-old; 1.66 ± 0.12 kg) were included in this prospective, blinded, randomized cross-over study. After a 10-day acclimation, rabbits randomly received placebo or trazodone 10, 20 or 30 mg/kg orally (PLAC, TRAZ10, TRAZ20, TRAZ30) with a 1-week wash-out period. Compliance scoring (dynamic interactive visual analog scale; DIVAS), activity levels measured with accelerometry (T0-T600), physiological parameters (temperature, heart, and respiratory rates), and arterial blood gas parameters (up to T240) were evaluated. Compliance scores, accelerometry, physiological and arterial blood gas parameters and hypoxemia prevalence (PaO2 <60 mmHg) were analyzed using linear mixed models and Chi-squared tests, respectively (P<0.05). When compared with PLAC, DIVAS scores were significantly higher at T80-120, T40-120 and T120-200 in TRAZ10, TRAZ20 and TRAZ30 post-administration, respectively. When compared with baseline, DIVAS scores were significantly higher from T80-160, T40-240 and T80-200 in TRAZ10, TRAZ20 and TRAZ30, respectively. All other parameters were not significantly different. In TRAZ30, hypoxemia was observed in 2/8 rabbits (P=0.104). In conclusion, oral trazodone improved rabbit compliance at all studied dosages, especially 20 mg/kg improved rabbit compliance without decreasing motor activity or causing hypoxemia.

Metoda pomiaru temperatury ciała człowieka za pomocą kamery termowizyjnej

Measurement and monitoring of human physiological parameters play an important role in many applications such as health care, sports training and prevention of disease spread. Dynamic changes in physiological parameters can reveal not only changes in a patient’s physiological state and function, but also be used to assess a person’s activity status, fitness and fatigue. Body temperature is among the most important human physiological parameters for assessing basic vital functions, apart from heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate. In medical practice, various types of measuring instruments are used to measure temperature, such as liquid thermometers, electronic thermometers, non-contact ear thermometers, non-contact forehead thermometers. Liquid and electronic thermometers require the appropriate sensors to be connected to a person, which may be undesirable or impossible as, for example, in newborns or during sports training. Non-contact thermometers operate over short distances and often force a specific position of the person during the measurement. In addition, the above body temperature measurement techniques require direct supervision by medical personnel, which often reduces the effectiveness and efficiency of screening temperature measurement. In screening temperature measurements of a large number of people, especially those on the move, a measuring thermal imaging camera works well. The article presents a method for measuring human body temperature using a thermal imaging camera. The presented method is characterized by high accuracy of temperature measurement, which allows medical use of the obtained measurements. The measurement method has been tested on a test stand and for a selected test sample of people. The measurements and tests carried out confirmed the possibility of obtaining temperature measurement accuracy with an expanded uncertainty of less than 0.05 K with a resolution of less than 0.1 K.

Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of pantoprazole to evaluate the role of CYP2C19 genetic variation and obesity in the pediatric population.

Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor indicated for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, a condition that disproportionately affects children with obesity. Appropriately dosing pantoprazole in children with obesity requires understanding the body size metric that best guides dosing, but pharmacokinetic (PK) trials using traditional techniques are limited by the need for larger sample sizes and frequent blood sampling. Physiologically-based PK (PBPK) models are an attractive alternative that can account for physiologic-, genetic-, and drug-specific changes without the need for extensive clinical trial data. In this study, we explored the effect of obesity on pantoprazole PK and evaluated label-suggested dosing in this population. An adult PBPK model for pantoprazole was developed using data from the literature and accounting for genetic variation in CYP2C19. The adult PBPK model was scaled to children without obesity using age-associated changes in anatomical and physiological parameters. Lastly, the pediatric PBPK model was expanded to children with obesity. Three pantoprazole dosing strategies were evaluated: 1 mg/kg total body weight, 1.2 mg/kg lean body weight, and US Food and Drug Administration-recommended weight-tiered dosing. Simulated concentration-time profiles from our model were compared with data from a prospective cohort study (PAN01; NCT02186652). Weight-tiered dosing resulted in the most (>90%) children with pantoprazole exposures in the reference range, regardless of obesity status or CYP2C19 phenotype, confirming results from previously published population PK models. PBPK models may allow for the efficient study of physiologic and developmental effects of obesity on PK in special populations where clinical trial data may be limited.

Exploring indoor environmental perception through questionnaires, physiological monitoring, and facial expression recognition

Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has a profound impact on occupant health, comfort, and performance. Various methods are employed to collect feedback from building users, ranging from conventional questionnaires, increasingly utilized physiological monitoring, to recently developed automatic facial expression recognition. This study explores the feasibility of detecting environmental perception and satisfaction by continuous monitoring of facial expression and physiological parameters and compares the results with questionnaire results. Using independently controlled twin climate chambers, we established two distinct air pollution and noise exposure conditions and invited 25 participants to experience them in counter-balanced orders. They engaged in different activities including resting, taking cognitive tests, and watching a relaxing landscape video. Survey results suggested stark differences in self-reported environmental perceptions between the two conditions. Among the 31 unique facial action units (FAU) identified, some showed significant differences between the two air pollution and noise exposure conditions, especially during cognitive tests, while changes in physiological parameters were minor. We also established a model for predicting dissatisfaction with overall IEQ based on facial and physiological data and achieved an accuracy of 0.71, despite the weak correlation between individual FAUs and self-assessed perceptions. Our findings underscore the potential and the challenges of innovative methods for characterizing human responses to indoor environmental stimuli.

Investigating the relationship between heat load and shade seeking behaviour in dairy buffaloes.

The study presented in this Research Communication aimed to investigate the relationship between physiological responses, body surface temperature and shade-seeking behaviour in Nili Ravi dairy buffaloes during summer months. We enrolled 60 buffaloes, and each animal was observed for three consecutive days starting before sunrise until they moved towards the shade structures. A repeated measures ANOVA was employed to assess the changes in physiological parameters and body surface temperature between the early morning and the occurrence of shade-seeking behaviour. The average temperature humidity index and heat load index during the behavioural monitoring period (0400 to 1200 h) were 81.3 ± 6.5 and 92.9 ± 17, respectively (mean ± sd). There was no significant difference in core body temperature between sunrise and the time of shade-seeking event. However, the buffaloes had a slightly higher respiration rate at the time of shade-seeking (19.2 vs. 22.4 breaths/min). In addition, body surface temperature, measured at the flank region, shoulder, base of the ear and forehead was significantly higher at the occurrence of shade-seeking behaviour compared to the early morning. On average, the buffaloes sought shade when the surface temperature was 2°C higher than the temperature recorded before sunrise. Overall, the current findings suggest that body surface temperature, rather than core body temperature was strongly associated with shade-seeking behaviour in dairy buffaloes. These findings could be useful in developing strategies to mitigate the effects of heat stress in dairy buffalo herds and thereby improve animal welfare.

Treatment with inhaled Argon: a systematic review of pre-clinical and clinical studies with meta-analysis on neuroprotective effect

Argon (Ar) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent in multiple clinical conditions, specifically in organ protection. However, conflicting data on pre-clinical models, together with a great variability in Ar administration protocols and outcome assessments, have been reported. The aim of this study was to review evidence on treatment with Ar, with an extensive investigation on its neuroprotective effect, and to summarise all tested administration protocols. Using the PubMed database, all existing pre-clinical and clinical studies on the treatment with Ar were systematically reviewed (registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7983D). Study titles and abstracts were screened, extracting data from relevant studies post full-text review. Exclusion criteria included absence of full text and non-English language. Furthermore, meta-analysis was also performed to assess Ar potential as neuroprotectant agent in different clinical conditions: cardiac arrest, traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, subarachnoid haemorrhage. Standardised mean differences for neurological, cognitive and locomotor, histological, and physiological measures were evaluated, through appropriate tests, clinical, and laboratory variables. Invivo studies were evaluated for risk of bias using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation tool, while invitro studies underwent assessment with a tool developed by the Office of Health Assessment and Translation. The systematic review detected 60 experimental studies (16 invitro, 7 exvivo, 31 invivo, 6 with both invitro and invivo) investigating the role of Ar. Only one clinical study was found. Data from six invitro and nineteen invivo studies were included in the meta-analyses. In pre-clinical models, Ar administration resulted in improved neurological, cognitive and locomotor, and histological outcomes without any change in physiological parameters (i.e., absence of adverse events). This systematic review and meta-analysis based on experimental studies supports the neuroprotective effect of Ar, thus providing a rationale for potential translation of Ar treatment in humans. Despite adherence to established guidelines and methodologies, limitations in data availability prevented further analyses to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity due to study design. This study was funded in part by Italian Ministry of Health-Current researchIRCCS and by Ministero della Salute Italiano, Ricerca Finalizzata, project no. RF 2019-12371416.

Physiological responses of the microalgae Thalassiosira weissflogii to the presence of the herbicide glyphosate in the medium.

We evaluated changes in growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and basic physiological and biochemical parameters of the microalgae Thalassiosira weissflogii cells under the influence of the herbicide glyphosate in concentrations 0, 25, 95 and 150μgL-1 . The toxic effect of glyphosate on algae is weakly dependent on the level of cell mineral nutrition. High concentrations of the herbicide do not lead to the death of microalgae but block the process of algae cell division. An increase in the glyphosate concentration in the medium leads to a slowdown or stop of algal growth, a decrease in their final biomass, an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarisation of mitochondrial membranes and metabolic activity of algae. Glyphosate inhibits the photosynthetic activity of cells and inhibits the relative rate of electron transport in the photosynthetic apparatus. Glyphosate at the studied concentrations does not affect the size characteristics of cells and the intracellular content of chlorophyll in T. weissflogii . The studied herbicide or products of its decay retain their toxic properties in the environment for at least 9days. This result shows the need for further in-depth studies to assess the physiological response and possible acclimation changes in the functional state of oxygenic phototrophs in response to the herbicide action. The species specificity of microalgae to the effects of glyphosate in natural conditions is potentially dangerous due to a possible change in the species structure of biocoenoses, in particular, a decrease in the contribution of diatoms.

A Comparative Analysis between Whole Chinese Yam and Peeled Chinese Yam: Their Hypolipidemic Effects via Modulation of Gut Microbiome in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice.

Chinese yam is a "medicine food homology" food with medical properties, but little is known about its health benefits on hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, the effect of peeling processing on the efficacy of Chinese yam is still unclear. In this study, the improvement effects of whole Chinese yam (WY) and peeled Chinese yam (PY) on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic mice were explored by evaluating the changes in physiological, biochemical, and histological parameters, and their modulatory effects on gut microbiota were further illustrated. The results show that both WY and PY could significantly attenuate the HFD-induced obesity phenotype, accompanied by the mitigative effect on epididymis adipose damage and hepatic tissue injury. Except for the ameliorative effect on TG, PY retained the beneficial effects of WY on hyperlipemia. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that WY and PY reshaped the gut microbiota composition, especially the bloom of several beneficial bacterial strains (Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibaculum) and the reduction in some HFD-dependent taxa (Mucispirillum, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, and Candidatus_Saccharimonas). PICRUSt analysis showed that WY and PY could significantly regulate lipid transport and metabolism-related pathways. These findings suggest that Chinese yam can alleviate hyperlipidemia via the modulation of the gut microbiome, and peeling treatment had less of an effect on the lipid-lowering efficacy of yam.

Pain Assessment in Cattle during Castration Using Facial Expressions as a Promising Tool

Abstract Pain is a significant welfare issue in farm animals including cattle, impacting their wellbeing and normal behaviors. The frequent occurrence of pain in cattle is due to husbandry procedures, injuries, and diseases. Cattle, as a prey species, avoid expressing pain which makes pain identification a challenging issue. Rapid pain recognition is crucial to its effective treatment. Several pain assessment tools have been developed, and some of them rely on observing alterations in animal behaviors such as activity, locomotion, feeding, play, and grooming. Moreover, changes in physiological parameters including blood biomarkers and heart rate have been used as indicators of pain. Furthermore, grimace scales, which rely on evaluating facial expressions of animals, have been developed and proven to be accurate pain assessment tool in multiple species. To reliably identify pain in cattle, it is preferred to employ a combination of diagnostic methods, as no single approach can stand alone in assessing pain accurately. Mitigation strategies become imperative when pain is anticipated during husbandry procedures such as castration. Prompt application of treatment strategies is paramount to avoid transition of acute to chronic pain which is hard to be treated. Information © The Author 2024

A polymetric approach for measuring brain activity and behavior: Considerations for gait, gaze and fNIRS measurements in a 10-m walking of elderly and young adults.

The actual changes in biological and physiological parameters during walking are little understood in multiple aspects. The objective of this paper was to examine and link the disparate measures of motor, vision, and brain activity for elderly and young adults. The participants were 15 elderly adults and 10 young adults. Accelerometry, eye tracking, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity in the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were used to evaluate the participants in a 10-m walking test. The results for the elderly adults were 1) low variabilities of velocity and acceleration along the front-back and up-down axes, 2) a wider gaze range on the right-left axis than the young adults, 3) a high mean PFC activity, and 4) a larger number of high-relation pairs than the young adults for the correlation coefficients of both gait vs. gaze and gait vs. PFC activity. The variabilities of velocity and acceleration, gaze and PFC activity changes for the young adults were selective. Measuring 10-m walking in a polymetric approach may capture some indicators related to physical and cognitive difficulties such as frailty and dementia.

Dietary protein-to-carbohydrate ratio effects development and metabolism in Drosophila larvae and imago

Background. Nutrition during growth and development affects various traits not only in larvae but also imago including lifespan, reproduction, feeding, metabolism, and stress resistance. In this study, we have tested the hypothesis of whether the dietary protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio in the developmental diet could be related to subsequent changes in metabolic profile and physiological parameters in Drosophila larvae and imago. Materials and Methods. Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S strain were used in this study. Larvae were fed diets with different P:C ratios. Experimental media were composed of either 2 % or 5 % dry yeast and 0 %, 1 %, or 10 % of sucrose. We tested developmental rate, wet or dry body weight and the levels of certain metabolites inclu­ding glucose, glycogen, triacylglycerides and total lipids. The developmental rate was assessed by counting the number of generated pupae every 6/6/12 hours. For wet or dry weight measurement, 20 larvae or flies were weighed and transferred to plastic vial with a cut bottom. The flies were dried at 60 °C with the subsequent weighing after two days. Another two-day flies cohort were separated by sex and frozen in liquid nitrogen for further biochemical assays. Hemolymph glucose, total lipid concentration, triacyl­glycerides (TAG), body glucose and glycogen contents were determined spectrophotometrically. Results. We found that a low 0.08 P:C ratio in the diet slowed down pupation by ~20 % and decreased body weight in larvae. Hemolymph glucose levels in both larvae and imago were inversely associated with dietary P:C. Larvae developing on a diet with a low P:C ratio displayed a lower level of glycogen pool, but a higher level of lipids. Developmental dietary P:C ratio also influences metabolic traits such as hemolymph glucose, glycogen, TAG and total lipids in male and female imago. A higher total protein intake combined with restriction of sucrose consumption had glucose-lowering and lipids-lowering effects. Conclusions. Our study demonstrated that nutritional conditions during larval development trigger adaptive changes that provide a level of regulation necessary to surpass dietary stress in Drosophila imago.

Review on conductometric, volumetric and computational studies on surfactants-amino acids interactions

AbstractIn this review amino acid-surfactant interactions mainly in aqueous solution has been explained. Amino acids and surfactants interactions are important in many studies because of their enhanced effectiveness in both living and non-living worlds. As physicochemical properties are additive, the study of interactions between amino acids and surfactants offer insights into how proteins unfold and denaturate in various media, which further alters with a change in physiological parameters like pH, additives, no of carbon in the chain and temperature. Keeping this in mind, in this review main emphasis has been on conductometric, volumetric and computational studies for detailed exploration of solute–solvent interactions of amino acids and surfactants in aqueous medium and effect of temperature on these interactions. Conductance data has been used to find the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant. Using CMC, standard Gibbs free energy of micellization, ($${\Delta G}_{{\text{m}}}^{{0}}$$ Δ G m 0 ), enthalpy of micellization, ($${\Delta H}_{{\text{m}}}^{{0}}$$ Δ H m 0 ), entropy of micellization, ($${\Delta S}_{{\text{m}}}^{{0}}$$ Δ S m 0 ) have been determined for surfactant in presence of amino acids. In volumetric investigation, density data has been utilized to find apparent molar volumes of amino acids, (ϕv) and partial molar volume (ϕ0v), which is used to find soute-solvent interaction. In computational studies the effects of carbon tail length on CMC and aggregation number, (Ag) for the pure Gemini surfactant system were examined and these data were compared with experimental results to find the agreement between different methods.

Modifiability of surgical timing in postinjury multiple organ failure patients.

Postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF) is the leading cause of late trauma deaths, with primarily non-modifiable risk factors. Timing of surgery as a potentially modifiable risk factor is frequently proposed, but has not been quantified. We aimed to compare mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), and ICU LOS between MOF patients who had surgery that preceded MOF with modifiable timings versus those with non-modifiable timings. Retrospective analysis of an ongoing 17-year prospective cohort study of ICU polytrauma patients at-risk of MOF. Among MOF patients (Denver score>3), we identified patients who had surgery that preceded MOF, determined whether the timing of these operation(s) were modifiable(M) or non-modifiable (non-M), and evaluated the change in physiological parameters as a result of surgery. Of 716 polytrauma patients at-risk of MOF, 205/716 (29%) developed MOF, and 161/205 (79%) had surgery during their ICU admission. Of the surgical MOF patients, 147/161 (91%) had one or more operation(s) that preceded MOF, and 65/161 (40%) of them had operation(s) with modifiable timings. There were no differences in age (mean (SD) 52 (19) vs 53 (21)years), injury severity score (median (IQR) 34 (26-41)vs34 (25-44)), admission physiological and resuscitation parameters, between M and non-M-patients. M patients had longer ICU LOS (median (IQR) 18 (12-28)versus 11 (8-16)days, p<0.0001) than non-M-patients, without difference in mortality (14%vs16%, p=0.7347), or hospital LOS (median (IQR) 32 (18-52)vs27 (17-47)days, p=0.3418). M-patients had less fluids and transfusions intraoperatively. Surgery did not compromise patient physiology. Operations preceding MOF are common in polytrauma and seem to be safe in maintaining physiology. The margin for improvementfrom optimizing surgical timing is modest, contrary to historical assumptions.

High Prevalence of Bovine Cardiac Cysticercosis in Upper Egypt: An Epidemiological and Histopathological Study.

Bovine cysticercosis is categorized as a serious parasitic zoonotic infestation. The infection is mainly caused by the tapeworm Taenia saginata, which infects cattle and humans. The larval stage, Cysticercus bovis (C. bovis), is found in the skeletal and cardiac muscles of infected cattle. Despite its potential public health concern, few studies have been conducted on cardiac cysticercosis in Upper Egypt. This study investigates the prevalence, epidemiology, and impact of cardiac cysticercosis in Upper Egypt, emphasizing how histopathological changes in cardiac muscle and physiological parameters might be associated with the infection. From December 2022 to October 2023, a total of 941 animals from Assiut province, Upper Egypt, were slaughtered and their cardiac muscles were examined for the presence of C. bovis. Cysts were classified as viable or degenerated through macroscopic inspection. The overall prevalence of C. bovis infected hearts made up 10.8% of the total examined. The highest prevalence rate was in the summer season followed by spring; winter had the lowest infections. The histopathological examination of infected tissues revealed immune cell infiltration around Cysticercus-infected areas. Additionally, Bax immunostaining demonstrated the apoptotic effect of cysticercosis. Regarding the measured physiological parameters, there were non-significant changes in plasma levels of total protein and albumin in cattle infected with cysticercosis compared with control animals. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) combined with a significant increase in lipid peroxide (Malondialdehyde) (MDA), troponin T, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in infected animals. The present work documented a set of epidemiological and pathological findings, revealing that C. bovis is a potentially harmful parasite and can cause significant health problems in both cattle and humans.

Canine preclinical safety evaluation of a multimodal nanoparticle agent (Nanotrast-CF800) for image-guided cancer surgery.

Surgical oncology often requires the use of contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging preoperatively to characterize solitary tumours and identify sentinel lymph nodes. Intraoperative optical guidance can effectively aid tissue-sparing tumour excision and locate sentinel lymph nodes. Nanotrast-CF800 (CF800) is a novel dual-modality contrast agent, which co-encapsulates iohexol and indocyanine green (ICG) within a liposomal nanoparticle. It was developed for preoperative and intraoperative imaging of solitary tumours and sentinel lymph node mapping and its efficacy has been demonstrated in preclinical animal models (Zheng et al. 2015). The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety profile of CF800 following intravenous administration in healthy dogs. Six research dogs were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received a low dose (1 mL/kg) and group 2 received a high dose (5 mL/kg). Dogs were placed under general anesthesia and a continuous rate infusion of CF800 was administered based on group allocation. Physiologic parameters including heart rate, respiratory rate, direct arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and temperature were measured at set time points. Plasma concentrations of iohexol, ICG, and histamine were measured at set time points. Dogs underwent whole body computed tomography scans pre-injection, 2-, and 7-days post-injection (p.i.). Contrast enhancement was measured in select organ systems and great vessels at each time point. There were no significant changes in physiologic parameters following IV infusion of CF800 in all dogs. Plasma iohexol and ICG concentrations peaked at 1 day p.i., while histamine concentrations peaked at 30 minutes p.i. Significant contrast enhancement was noted within the liver, heart, aorta, and caudal vena cava on day 2 p.i., which was significantly different compared to baseline. Prolonged contrast retention within the liver was identified. Intravenous administration of CF800 was safe to use in healthy dogs with no significant systemic adverse effects.

Analysis of the psychological and physiological conditions of blockchain technology in college physical education

Abstract Blockchain technology, with its decentralization, traceability, and immutability, offers promising solutions across various sectors, including education. This study explores the application of blockchain in enhancing the security and personalization of educational resource sharing within university physical education (PE). We ensure secure resource sharing by developing a blockchain-based model for PE resource distribution and refining the consensus algorithm. Our research involved a 10-week experiment with 80 university students, measuring changes in psychological factors (e.g., anxiety, depression) and physiological parameters (e.g., lung capacity). Results indicated a notable improvement in students’ psychological well-being, with anxiety and depression levels dropping by an average of 15%, and a significant enhancement in physiological health, evidenced by an average increase in lung capacity of 2.11±1.00 ml/kg. These findings underscore the potential of blockchain technology to elevate university PE teaching practices and positively impact student health, highlighting its significant applicability and future potential in educational contexts.

Results of a pilot study of the structure and evaluation of the therapy for chronic sleep disorders in comorbid patients with chronic cerebral ischemia

To evaluate the effect of the drug Cortexin on the clinical course and treatment of comorbid insomnia. The study included 50 patients, average age 50.4±2.26 years, with CHI stage 1-2. with concomitant diseases arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus (study CHRONAS). All patients were examined on the day of treatment, 11-15 days and 30-31 days after the end of therapy. At all visits, complaints, neurological status, and changes in physiological and laboratory parameters were assessed. The condition was assessed using the following scales: mental status assessment (MMSE), quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D), assessment of general health, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth daytime sleepiness assessment, hospital anxiety and depression (HADS)).: Patients with additional diabetic polyneuropathy were assessed using the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). A high percentage of the prevalence of comorbid insomnia in patients was revealed. The structure of sleep disturbances in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia consisted of disturbances in sleep duration, difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings at night, and daytime sleepiness. After treatment, there was a regression of the main complaints, the severity of symptoms, including anxiety and depression, decreased, and a significant stabilization of cognitive status was observed. The positive dynamics persisted 1 month after the end of therapy. An additional normalizing effect of the drug on a number of biochemical parameters was revealed. Clinical dynamics were recorded already by the 11-15th day of treatment and persisted for up to 1 month. During observation, no patient had adverse drug interactions with other drugs (hypotensives, antiplatelet agents, statins). The clinical effectiveness of the drug Cortexin has been proven for all types of sleep disorders. The clinical effectiveness of the drug Cortexin at a dose of 10 mg IM for 10 days has been proven in patients with chronic sleep disorders due to CHI.

Exogenous silicon induces aluminum tolerance in white clover (Trifolium repens) by reducing aluminum uptake and enhancing organic acid secretion.

Excessive aluminum (Al) in acidic soils is a primary factor that hinders plant growth. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect and physiological mechanism of exogenous silicon (Si) in alleviating aluminum toxicity. Under hydroponic conditions, 4 mM Al significantly impeded the growth of white clover; however, pretreatments with 1 mM Si mitigated this inhibition, as evidenced by notable changes in growth indicators and physiological parameters. Exogenous silicon notably increased both shoot and root length of white clover and significantly decreased electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to aluminum treatments. This positive effect was particularly evident in the roots. Further analysis involving hematoxylin staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and examination of organic acids (OAs) demonstrated that silicon relieved the accumulation of bioactive aluminum and ameliorated damage to root tissues in aluminum-stressed plants. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis revealed that additional silicon was primarily distributed in the root epidermal and cortical layers, effectively reducing the transport of aluminum and maintaining the balance of exchangeable cations absorption. These findings suggest that gradual silicon deposition in root tissues effectively prevents the absorption of biologically active aluminum, thereby reducing the risk of mineral nutrient deficiencies induced by aluminum stress, promoting organic acids exudation, and compartmentalizing aluminum in the outer layer of root tissues. This mechanism helps white clover alleviate the damage caused by aluminum toxicity.

РОЛЬ РИТМИЧЕСКОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ В ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИИ И ТЕЧЕНИИ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ

The article substantiates the essential role of natural physical cosmoplanetary fields, in particular, those associated with the Moon, in the regulation of life processes in biological systems of any level of organization, including humans in normal and in various diseases. The results of studies demonstrating changes in several physiological and biochemical parameters of the human body in different phases of the lunar cycle are presented.The possible molecular and cellular mechanisms through which the influence of the Moon on terrestrial processes can be realized are generalized. The literature data indicating the existence of interrelations between the phases of the lunar cycle, the occurrence and course of acute disorders of coronary and cerebral blood flow, acute aortic dissections and some other cardiovascular diseases are presented. The expediency of considering the phases of the lunar cycle and other cosmic factors in the organization of medical care for patients of cardiotherapy and cardiac surgery is indicated.