Changes In Percent Body Fat Research Articles

Association between weight and body composition changes with falls risk in the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) study

ObjectiveBoth changes in body composition and increased fall risk occur with increasing age. While weight management may be considered a component of falls prevention, the long-term consequences of changes in...

Effects of Sulfonylureas and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors on Percentage Body Fat Change in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Metformin at 4 and 12 Weeks.

Introduction Anti-diabetic drugs used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a unique effect on the body weight and fat distribution of a patient. This study aimed to find out the change inpercentage body fat and body composition with the addition of sulfonylureas or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors to metformin monotherapy. Methods An observational 12-week follow-up study was conducted with a sample size of 52 patients. All patients enrolled in the study were evaluated forbaseline percentage body fat and body composition parameters including total body weight, total body water, and skeletal muscle mass using the ACCUNIQ BC300, added on to either sulfonylureas or DPP-4 inhibitors over a stable dose of metformin; repeat assessment performed at 4 weeks and 12 weeks, and change in values was noted. Results Of the 52 patients, 28 patients were on sulfonylureas and 24 were on DPP-4 inhibitors. In the sulfonylurea group, there was an increase in percentage body fat from 31.97 ± 8.77% at baseline to 32.65 ± 8.94% at 12 weeks (p = 0.041), while in the DPP-4 inhibitor group, there was a decrease in percentage body fat from 31.87 ± 7.41% at baseline to 31.24 ± 8.5% at 12 weeks (p = 0.102). In the sulfonylurea group, there was a decrease in body weight from 67.25 ± 14.79 kilograms (kg) at baseline to 66.97 ± 14.62 kg at 12 weeks (p = 0.429). In the DPP-4 inhibitor group, there was a decrease in body weight from 66.56 ± 10.82 kg at baseline to 65.76 ± 12.56 kg at 12 weeks (p = 0.079). In the sulfonylureagroup, total body water decreased from32.54 ±6.65 L at baseline to 32.06 ±6.51 L at 12 weeks (p = 0.084), while in the DPP-4 inhibitor group, the total body water decreased from 32.46 ±5.39 L at baseline to 32.18 ±5.48 L at 12 weeks (p = 0.741).Skeletal muscle mass decreased from 24.78 ±5.12 kgto 24.4 ±5.04 kg (p = 0.041) in the sulfonylurea group and from 24.74 ±4.2 kgto 24.53 ±4.25 kg(p = 0.666) in the DPP-4 inhibitor group. Conclusion Our study shows that sulfonylureas are associated with an increase in percentage body fat, while there were no significant changes associated with DPP-4 inhibitors when given in addition to metformin. There are no significant changes in body weight associated with sulfonylureas or DPP-4 inhibitors in addition to metformin. Also, sulfonylureas are associated with a decrease in skeletal muscle mass after 12 weeks.

Percent Body Fat and Weight Status of Youth Participating in Pediatric Weight Management Programs in the Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry.

Factors associated with change in percent body fat (%BF) of children in pediatric weight management (PWM) care may differ from those associated with change in weight status. Objective: To describe %BF and weight status at initial visits to 14 PWM sites, identify differences by sex, and evaluate factors associated with change over 6 months. Methods: Initial visits of 2496 males and 2821 females aged 5-18 years were evaluated. %BF was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: Sex-specific logistic regressions [806 males (32.3%), 837 females (29.7%)] identified associations with primary outcomes: lower %BF and metabolically impactful ≥5-point drop in percent of the 95th BMI percentile (%BMIp95) over 6 months. At the initial visit, males had lower %BF and higher %BMIp95 than females. Over 6 months, males had significantly (p < 0.001) greater median drop in %BF (-1.4% vs. -0.4%) and %BMIp95 (-3.0% vs. -1.9%) and a higher frequency of decreased %BF (68.9% vs. 57.8%), but similar percentage with ≥5-point %BMIp95 drop (36.5% vs. 32.4%; p = 0.080). For males, factors significantly associated with decreased %BF (older age, ≥6 visits, lack of developmental or depression/anxiety concerns) were not related to having a ≥5-point %BMIp95 drop. For females, lack of depression/anxiety concern was significantly associated with decreased %BF but was not associated with ≥5-point %BMIp95 drop. Conclusions: There are differences by sex in initial visit %BF and %BMIp95 and in characteristics associated with changes in these measures. PWM interventions should consider evaluating body composition and sex-stratifying outcomes.

The Impact of Parental Involvement in the Prevention and Management of Obesity in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Obesity in children is a critical public health issue in developed countries and developing countries. The establishment of health-related behaviors in childhood, significantly influenced by parental involvement, underscores the need for effective intervention measures. This original research is a systematic review and meta-analysis that aimed to investigate the impact of parental involvement on the prevention and management of childhood obesity, focusing on outcomes such as BMI z-score, exercise levels, screen time, dietary self-efficacy, and percentage body fat. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified through comprehensive searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, including RCTs involving children aged 2-18 years with parental or caregiver participation, reporting on the specified outcomes. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3, employing a random effects model. A total of 5573 participants were included. The meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in BMI z-score (MD = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.09 to -0.02, p = 0.005, I2 = 58%), a non-significant increase in exercise levels (SMD = 0.26, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.52, p = 0.05, I2 = 52%), and a significant reduction in screen time (MD = -0.36 h per day, 95% CI: -0.61 to -0.11, p = 0.005, I2 = 0%). Dietary self-efficacy also improved significantly (MD = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.12 to 1.05, p = 0.01, I2 = 0%). However, changes in percentage body fat did not reach statistical significance (MD = -1.19%, 95% CI: -2.8% to 0.41%, p = 0.15, I2 = 0%). Parental involvement in childhood obesity interventions significantly impacts BMI z-score, exercise levels, screen time, and dietary self-efficacy but not percentage body fat. These findings highlight the importance of engaging parents in obesity prevention and management strategies.

The effect of a 10-week TOCA Football System intervention program on sport-specific motor skills among junior footballers.

The objective of our study was to examine, in addition to using the TOCA Football System tool and training method, the effect of a 10-week intervention on elite youth athletes in terms of their sport-specific motor skills and anthropometric variables. The study covered a group of 32 young players practicing football (U14) (13.45 ± 0.64 years). The junior U14 footballers were randomly assigned to an intervention or TOCA group (TG, N = 15, 13.25 ± 0.58 years) and a control group (CG, N = 17, 13.63 ± 0.66 years). Before starting the test, we performed full anthropometric measurements and assessed the sample's agility with and without the ball and their sport-specific endurance. The measurements were then repeated after the 10-week intervention. Within-group analysis showed significant improvements in muscle mass (p < 0.001), sport-specific endurance (p < 0.001), (p < 0.004) and agility (in TG) both with and without the ball (p = 0.002), (p = 0.004) however, we did not find a significant change in body fat percentage in either group (p = 0.988, p = 0.288). In the CG, "agility with the ball" changed significantly only (p = 0.023). In the between-group analysis with a repeated-measures analysis of variance (mixed-design ANOVA), there was no significant interaction in any performance variables. The main findings of this study indicate that a TOCA Football training program in addition to normal training during the in-season period does not produce additional effects in anthropometric factors, sport-specific endurance and agility performance with the ball (dribbling) and without the ball in comparison with the control condition. From a practical point of view, the presented anthropometric and physical profiles of players can be useful for football coaches in optimizing soccer training. Overall, it also can be concluded that the device can be safely used in the sensitive age group in terms of the development of motor skills since we did not find any negative effects during the use of the device in terms of the parameters we examined. In addition to the expansion of the number of elements and the inclusion of other age groups, it is advisable to carry out further complex tests, as the TOCA Football System offers many research opportunities.

Efficacy and Safety of WCFA19 (Weissella confusa WIKIM51) in Reducing Body Fat in Overweight and Obese Adults.

Background: WCFA19 (Weissella confusa WIKIM51), found during the fermentation of kimchi, is known for its inhibitory effects on body weight and body fat. This study looked at the impact of WCFA19 isolated from dandelion kimchi on weight loss in overweight and obese adults that are otherwise healthy. Methods: This study was conducted as a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with 104 overweight and obese subjects. Subjects were randomized evenly into the test group (WCFA19, 500 mg, n = 40) or control group (n = 34) for 12 weeks from 14 June 2021 to 24 December 2021. Effects were based on DEXA to measure changes in body fat mass and percentage. Results: Among the 74 subjects analyzed, WCFA19 oral supplementation for 12 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in body fat mass of 633.38 ± 1396.17 g (p = 0.0066) in overweight and obese individuals in the experimental group. The control group showed an increase of 59.10 ± 1120.57 g (p = 0.7604), indicating a statistically significant difference between the two groups. There was also a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0448) in the change in body fat percentage, with a decrease of 0.41 ± 1.22% (p = 0.0424) in the experimental group and an increase of 0.17 ± 1.21% (p = 0.4078) in the control group. No significant adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Oral supplementation of 500 mg of WCFA19 for 12 weeks is associated with a decrease in body weight, particularly in body fat mass and percentage.

Association of short-term changes in HbA1c with body composition and the importance of muscle maintenance in patients with Type 2 diabetes

AimsThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in glucose metabolism and body composition in patients with diabetes. MethodsWe included 380 patients with type 2 diabetes, who underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis, in this longitudinal study. Changes in HbA1c (ΔHbA1c) levels and body composition indices were compared between baseline and 6 months. A multivariate analysis was performed to examine the relationship between ΔHbA1c and changes in body composition. ResultsHbA1c levels were significantly decreased at 6 months (P < 0.01), but there was no significant change in BMI. A linear multiple regression analysis showed that ΔHbA1c was negatively correlated with changes in muscle mass (β = −0.18; P = 0.047) and bone mineral content (β = −0.28; P < 0.001), but there was no significant association between ΔHbA1c levels and a change in body fat percentage. ConclusionsThis study shows a limited association between short-term changes in glucose metabolism and changes in body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, interventions aimed at reducing adiposity may not affect glucose metabolism in the short term, while interventions focused on maintaining or enhancing muscle mass and bone mineral content may play an important role in diabetes management.

Associations of change in body fat percentage with baseline body composition and diabetes remission after bariatric surgery.

The objective of this study was to determine the role of body fat percentage (BFP) changes in diabetes remission (DR) and the association between baseline body composition and its changes after bariatric surgery. We analyzed 203 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Body composition was measured using a gold-standard-derived predictive equation and magnetic resonance imaging. Body composition changes were calculated as 100 × (baseline value - follow-up value)/baseline value. We verified the results in a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy cohort with 311 patients. Compared with non-remission patients in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass cohort, those who achieved DR showed a higher baseline fat-free mass index (FFMI) and experienced the most significant changes in BFP (p < 0.001). In comparative analyses, BFP changes were significantly better than BMI changes in identifying short- and long-term DR. Linear regression analysis identified FFMI as the most significant baseline variable correlated with BFP changes (p < 0.001). Baseline BMI was positively correlated with changes in BFP but negatively correlated with changes in FFMI. These findings were replicated in the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy cohort. BFP changes determine DR after bariatric surgery, and baseline FFMI is crucial for BFP changes. A low initial BMI is associated with a smaller BFP reduction and greater FFMI loss after bariatric surgery.

Associations of radiologic characteristics of the neonatal hypothalamus with early life adiposity gain.

The mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) is a key brain area for regulation of energy balance. Previous neuroimaging studies suggest that T2-based signal properties indicative of cellular inflammatory response (gliosis) are present in adults and children with obesity, and predicts greater adiposity gain in children at risk of obesity. The current study aimed to extend this concept to the early life period by considering if, in full-term healthy neonates (up to n = 35), MRI evidence of MBH gliosis is associated with changes in early life (neonatal to six months) body fat percentage measured by DXA. In this initial study, neonatal T2 signal in the MBH was positively associated with six-month changes in body fat percentage. This finding supports the notion that underlying processes in the MBH may play a role in early life growth and, by extension, childhood obesity risk.

Healthy weight loss maintenance with exercise, GLP-1 receptor agonist, or both combined followed by one year without treatment: a post-treatment analysis of a randomised placebo-controlled trial

New obesity medications result in large weight losses. However, long-term adherence in a real-world setting is challenging, and termination of obesity medication results in weight regain towards pre-treatment body weight. Therefore, we investigated whether weight loss and improved body composition are sustained better at 1year after termination of active treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, supervised exercise program, or both combined for 1 year. We conducted a post-treatment study in extension of a randomised, controlled trial in Copenhagen. Adults with obesity (aged 18-65 years and initial body mass index 32-43kg/m2) completed an eight-week low-calorie diet-induced weight loss of 13.1kg (week-8 to 0) and were randomly allocated (1:1:1:1) to one-year weight loss maintenance (week 0-52) with either supervised exercise, the GLP-1 receptor agonist once-daily subcutaneous liraglutide 3.0mg, the combination of exercise and liraglutide, or placebo. 166 Participants completed the weight loss maintenance phase. All randomised participants were invited to participate in the post-treatment study with outcome assessments one year after treatment termination, at week 104. The primary outcome of the post-treatment assessment was change in body weight from after the initial weight loss (at randomisation, week 0) to one year after treatment termination (week 104) in the intention-to-treat population. The secondary outcome was change in body-fat percentage (week 0-104). The study is registered with EudraCT, 2015-005585-32, and with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04122716. Between Dec 17, 2018, and Dec 17, 2020, 109 participants attended the post-treatment study. From randomisation to one year after termination of combined exercise and liraglutide treatment (week 0-104), participants had reduced body weight (-5.1kg [95% CI-10.0;-0.2]; P=0.040) and body-fat percentage (-2.3%-points [-4.3 to-0.3]; P=0.026) compared with after termination of liraglutide alone. More participants who had previously received combination treatment maintained a weight loss of at least 10% of initial body weight one year after treatment termination (week-8 to 104) compared with participants who had previously received placebo (odds ratio [OR] 7.2 [2.4; 21.3]) and liraglutide (OR 4.2 [1.6; 10.8]). More participants who had previously received supervised exercise maintained a weight loss of at least 10% compared with placebo (OR 3.7 [1.2; 11.1]). During the year after termination of treatment (week 52-104), weight regain was 6.0kg [2.1; 10.0] larger after termination of liraglutide compared with after termination of supervised exercise and 2.5kg [-1.5 to 6.5] compared with after termination of combination treatment. The addition of supervised exercise to obesity pharmacotherapy seems to improve healthy weight maintenance after treatment termination compared with treatment termination of obesity pharmacotherapy alone. Body weight and body composition were maintained one year after termination of supervised exercise, in contrast to weight regain after termination of treatment with obesity pharmacotherapy alone. Helsefonden and the Novo Nordisk Foundation.

Electro-acupuncture for central obesity: a patient-assessor blinded, randomized sham-controlled clinical trial

BackgroundCentral obesity is considered as a significant health threat to individuals. Scientific research has demonstrated that intra-abdominal fat accumulation is associated with higher metabolic and cardiovascular disease risks independent of Body Mass Index (BMI). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of electro-acupuncture in treating central obesity compared with sham acupuncture.MethodThis was a patient-assessor blinded, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial. One hundred sixty eight participants aged between 18 and 65 years old with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) of men ≥ 90 cm / women ≥ 80 cm were enrolled and allocated to the acupuncture or sham acupuncture group equally. For the acupuncture group, disposable acupuncture needles were inserted into eight body acupoints, including Tianshu (ST-25), Daheng (SP-15), Daimai (GB-26), Qihai (CV-6), Zhongwan (CV-12), Zusanli (ST-36), Fenglong (ST-40), and Sanyinjiao (SP-6) with electrical stimulation. For the control group, Streitberger’s non-invasive acupuncture needles were utilized at the same acupoints with identical stimulation modalities. The treatment duration was 8 weeks with 2 sessions per week and the follow-up period was 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in WC before and after the treatment. The secondary outcomes were the changes in hip circumference, waist-to-hip circumference ratio, BMI, and body fat percentage during the treatment and follow-up period.ResultsThe acupuncture group displayed a significant change in WC compared to the sham group both treatment and follow-up period (MD = -1.1 cm, 95% CI = -2.8 to 4.1). Significant change in body fat percentage was recorded for both groups after treatment but no significance was observed during the follow-up period (MD = -0.1%, 95% CI = -1.9 to 2.2). The changes in hip circumference were also significant both treatment and follow-up period for the acupuncture group (MD = -2.0 cm, 95% CI = -3.7 to -1.7). Compared with sham acupuncture, the body weight (MD = -1 kg, 95% CI = -3.3 to 5.3), BMI (MD = -0.5, 95% CI = -0.7 to 1.9) also decreased significantly within and between groups. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups.ConclusionThis study provided evidence that electro-acupuncture could be effective in treating central obesity by reducing WC, hip circumference, body weight, BMI, and waist-to-hip circumference ratio.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03815253, Registered 24 Jan 2019.

Effectiveness of breath acetone monitoring in reducing body fat and improving body composition: a randomized controlled study

When attempts to lose body fat mass frequently fail, breath acetone (BA) monitoring may assist fat mass loss during a low-carbohydrate diet as it can provide real-time body fat oxidation levels. This randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of monitoring BA levels and providing feedback on fat oxidation during a three-week low-carbohydrate diet intervention. Forty-seven participants (mean age = 27.8 ± 4.4 years, 53.3% females, body mass index = 24.1 ± 3.4 kg m−2) were randomly assigned to three groups (1:1:1 ratio): daily BA assessment with a low-carbohydrate diet, body weight assessment (body scale (BS)) with a low-carbohydrate diet, and low-carbohydrate diet only. Primary outcome was the change in fat mass and secondary outcomes were the changes in body weight and body composition. Forty-five participants completed the study (compliance rate: 95.7%). Fat mass was significantly reduced in all three groups (all P < 0.05); however, the greatest reduction in fat mass was observed in the BA group compared to the BS (differences in changes in fat mass, −1.1 kg; 95% confidence interval: −2.3, −0.2; P = 0.040) and control (differences in changes in fat mass, −1.3 kg; 95% confidence interval: −2.1, −0.4; P = 0.013) groups. The BA group showed significantly greater reductions in body weight and visceral fat mass than the BS and control groups (all P < 0.05). In addition, the percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass were significantly reduced in both BA and BS groups (all P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in changes in body fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass between the study groups. Monitoring BA levels, which could have motivated participants to adhere more closely to the low-carbohydrate diet, to assess body fat oxidation rates may be an effective intervention for reducing body fat mass (compared to body weight assessment or control conditions). This approach could be beneficial for individuals seeking to manage body fat and prevent obesity.

Moderators of Resistance Training Effects in Healthy Young Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Molinari, T, Radaelli, R, Rech, A, Brusco, CM, Markarian, AM, and Lopez, P. Moderators of resistance training effects in healthy young women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 804-814, 2024-To systematically review and analyze the effects of resistance-based exercise programs and potential moderators of change in body fat percentage, whole-body fat and lean mass, muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength, and muscle power/rapid force in healthy young women (between 18 and 35 years). A systematic search was undertaken in 7 databases from inception to May 2022. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined the effects of resistance-based exercise programs on outcomes of interest in healthy young women. Meta-analysis was undertaken with a 3-level mixed-effects model. Associations between standardized mean difference (SMD) and potential moderators (number of sessions, weekly volume, and intensity) were tested by meta-regression models. Statistical significance was set at an α level of 0.05, whereas an α level of 0.05-0.10 was also considered for potential moderators of resistance training effects. Forty articles ( n = 1,312) were included. Resistance-based exercise programs resulted in a significant improvement of 0.4 SMD (95% confidence intervals [95% CI]: 0.2 to 0.5, p < 0.001) in lean mass/muscle hypertrophy and 1.2 SMD (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.5, p < 0.001) in muscle strength. A higher number of sessions was associated with changes in lean mass/muscle hypertrophy ( β = 0.01 ± 0.00, p = 0.009), whereas a higher weekly volume approached statistical significance to moderate changes in muscle strength ( β = 0.01 ± 0.01, p = 0.053). Body fat percentage (-0.4 SMD, 95% CI: -0.6 to -0.1, p = 0.006) and muscle power/rapid force (0.6 SMD, 95% CI: 0.2 to 1.1, p = 0.011) were significantly improved. In conclusion, a higher resistance training volume was associated with greater improvements in lean mass/muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength, and body fat percentage, whereas muscle power/rapid force improvements were observed irrespective of prescription characteristics. These findings may help in designing resistance training programs for muscle hypertrophy, strength and power, and body fat percentage in healthy women.

The Effect of High-intensity Functional Training on LRG1 Levels and Its Relationship with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Atherogenic Indices in Overweight and Obese Women

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity functional training on leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1(LRG1) levels and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors and atherogenic indicators in overweight and obese women. Method: In this semi-experimental study, 19 overweight and obese women were randomly divided into two groups of high-intensity functional training (n=9) and control (n=10). The participants of the training group performed high-intensity functional exercises three times per week for eight weeks. Before and after the intervention, blood samples were taken to measure LRG1 concentration and lipid profile, in addition to the calculation of atherogenic indices. Analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the data. Results: After eight weeks of high-intensity functional training, LRG1 concentration (P=0.027), plasma atherogenic index (P=0.000), Castelli risk index-I (CRI-I) (P=0.001), and Castelli risk index-II (CRI-II) (P=0.002) were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group. A positive and significant correlation was observed between changes in LRG1 concentration and changes in body fat percentage (r=0.437, P=0.041), plasma atherogenic index (r=0.512, P=0.025), and CRI-I (r=0.479, P=0.038). A negative and significant correlation was observed between the changes of LRG1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r =-0.569, P=0.011). Conclusion: Eight weeks of high-intensity functional training in overweight and obese women is effective in reducing LRG1 and improving cardiovascular risk factors and atherogenic indicators. Therefore, high-intensity functional exercises can be effective as auxiliary exercise interventions in controlling and reducing complications related to overweight and obesity

High intensity interval exercise maintains irisin level and reduces body fat in overweight women

Abstract A body mass index of more than 23 kg/m2 refers to being overweight. When overweight is not treated well, it can lead to obesity which is the condition of accumulation of excess adipose tissue. Obesity increases the risk of metabolic disease and physical activity has been known to prevent it. Irisin has been established to have a positive correlation with body fat burning. The purpose of this study is to analyse the acute effect of high intensity interval exercise on irisin level and body fat percentage in overweight sedentary women. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, the experimental (EXP) group (n = 10) and the control (CON) group (n = 10). The EXP group was using an ergo cycle of 10 sets, consisting of 60 s at 80-90% HRmax (cycling ∼120 rpm) and 60 s of active resting (cycling ∼40 rpm), intermittently. Blood serum and body fat percentage were measured before treatment and after 60 min of treatment. The results showed the serum irisin level was insignificant differences between EXP and CON groups. However, there was a significant decrease of irisin level between pre- and post-data in both EXP and CON, and the significant decrease of it between pre and post was in control group (EXP 6.65 ± 0.767 vs 5.76 ± 0.825, ; CON 7.46 ± 1.659 vs 5.80 ± 0.935 ng/ml, ). The change in body fat percentage was significant lower in EXP compared to CON (0.30 ± 0.217; 0.23 ± 0.118%; ). The conclusion is that the acute effect of HIIE can maintain the irisin level, and may also maintain the burning of body fat, which will lead to the reduction of body fat.

Associations between Power Training-Induced Changes in Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Men: A Pre-Test-Post-Test Experimental Study.

It is well-established that cross-sectional measurements of poor body composition are associated with impaired physical function and that power training effectively enhances total lean mass and physical function in older adults. However, it is unclear if power training-induced changes in body composition are associated with improved physical function in older adults. The present study investigated associations between body composition and physical function cross-sectionally and with power training-induced changes in older men. Forty-nine older men (68 ± 5 yrs) completed a 10-week biweekly power training intervention. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical function was assessed as a composite Z-score combining measures from Sit-to-stand power, Timed up-and-go time, and loaded and unloaded Stair-climbing time (15 steps). Linear and quadratic regression analyses were performed to assess associations between body composition and physical function. At baseline, total (R2 = 0.11, p < 0.05) and percentage body fat (R2 = 0.15, p < 0.05) showed a non-linear relationship with physical function. The apex of the quadratic regression for body composition was 21.5% body fat. Furthermore, there was a non-linear relationship between changes in body fat percentage and physical function from pre- to post-intervention (R2 = 0.15, p < 0.05). The present study's findings indicate that participants with a body composition of ~20% body fat displayed the highest level of physical function at baseline. Furthermore, despite small pre-post changes in body fat, the results indicate that those who either preserved their body fat percentage or experienced minor alterations observed the greatest improvements in physical function.

Which Anthropometric Index Is Most Strongly Correlated with Percent Body Fat Changes in Older Adults with Obesity?

Which Anthropometric Index Is Most Strongly Correlated with Percent Body Fat Changes in Older Adults with Obesity?

Bi-weekly Glycated Albumin Measurement was Useful to Encourage Behavioral Changes in People with Type2 Diabetes Mellitus.

HemoglobinA1c (HbA1c), representing the average blood glucose over 1-2months, is the most commonly used glycemic marker in people with diabetes. Glycated albumin (GA) reflects the average blood glucose over the most recent 1-2weeks. We considered whether the faster response of GA compared with HbA1c could make people with diabetes realize their glycemic control intuitively and effectively. We randomized 61 people with diabetes into the control and intervention groups. Blood samples were collected from both every fortnight over an 8-week period (five times; visit1-5). Only the intervention group was notified of the GA levels on the same day. At the beginning and end of the study, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Eating Behavior Questionnaire assessments, and body composition measurements were conducted. The body weight change was significantly lower in the intervention group at visit2 and visit5. The percent body fat change was lower, while the percent skeletal muscle mass change at visit5 was higher in the intervention group. Increasing GA trend was observed in the control group, but not in the intervention group. The fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c changes at visit5 were similar in the two groups. Physical activity level change tended to be higher in the intervention group. The YN Eating Behavior Questionnaire score changes were similar in the two groups. Bi-weekly GA measurement over an 8-week period in people with type2 diabetes induced behavioral changes. Development of this method is expected to improve diabetes management. UMIN000037795.

Correlation between Anthropometric Measurement and Kidney Function in the Elderly to Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a very common clinical problem in elderly patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The proportion of the elderly is predicted to further rise to 20% by the year 2030 caused by the demographic change from a pattern of high birth rates and high mortality to low birth rates. Delayed mortality has contributed to the rise in the elderly population. The aging process involves physiological and nutritional changes that will affect the nutritional status of the elderly, leading to malnutrition and overweight. Aging is associated with considerable changes in body composition, higher BMI is associated with improved survival in patients with CKD and very low BMI levels have been consistently associated with high all-cause mortality in the elderly. The changes in Body Fat Percentage (BFP) in the elderly will affect the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) in the elderly. This study aimed to determine the correlation between anthropometric measurement and kidney function in the elderly population. this research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design, which involved 42 elderly people with age &gt; 60 years in Guguak District, West Sumatera, Indonesia. Anthropometric measurement using the Waist-to-Height-Ratio (WHtR) method, Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist Circumference (WC), and Body Mass Index (BMI) and eGFR were calculated using the Cockcroft and Gault formula. The results of this study showed that the mean age of the elderly was 68±7.58 years, which consisted of 29.3% male and 70.7% female. The Pearson correlation test between WHR and eGFR obtained p&lt;0.05 with r= 0.439 and the Pearson’s correlation test between BMI and eGFR obtained p&lt;0.05 with r= 0.425. There was a moderate correlation between WHR with eGFR and BMI with eGFR in the elderly population.

Examining Body Fat Percentage, Galvanic Skin Response, and Muscle Grip Strength in Female Hypothyroid Patients.

Background The thyroid gland is an indispensable organ exerting control over the activity of multiple organ systems including the autonomic nervous system.This study attempted to monitor the variations in autonomic function parameters such as galvanic skin response (GSR) and muscle grip strength (HGS) in conjunction with changes in body fat percentage (BFP). Methodology This case-control study was conducted among 40 female hypothyroid patients as cases and 40 age-matched female healthy volunteers as controls. Anthropometric data were collected using standard techniques. GSR and HGS were measured using Equivital Sensory Electronic Module and Grip Force Transducer, respectively. Data extraction and analysis were done using the LabChart software. Results The mean age of the 40 female hypothyroid patients was 30.14 ± 5.91 years, whereas the mean age of the female controls was 29.37 ± 6.59 years. The waist circumference of cases was 85.81 ± 10.39 cm while that of controls was 80.90 ± 11.18 cm. The BFP of cases was 35.38% ± 6.74% while that of controls was 31.72% ± 5.63%. The GSR amplitude showed a significant difference between hypothyroid and healthy volunteers with values of 1.34 ± 1.14μS and 2.40 ± 1.86 μS, respectively. The HGS indices showed no significant difference between the two groups. A statistically negative correlation was noted between BFP and GSR amplitude (-0.32), whereas a positive correlation was noted between BFP and mean handgrip strength (0.31) in hypothyroid patients. Conclusions The changes in BFP and autonomic function through GSR and HGS were evaluated in female hypothyroid patients with respect to healthy females. The interrelationship between anthropometry and autonomic function was also explored in this study. The findings of this study can augment prognosis in patients and ensure timely corrective treatment for improving quality of life.