Changes In Cultural Values Research Articles

Relationships Between Demographic Factors and Trajectories of Identity Distress in Various Life Domains Among Young Adults: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACT Youth develop identities in various life domains by resolving identity-related subjective distress (i.e., identity distress) as well as engaging in identity processes (e.g., exploration and commitment). Despite this proposition, previous studies have relatively neglected identity distress in different domains. Moreover, previous research on identity distress in various domains has used cross-sectional data with Western samples. To obtain a deeper understanding of identity distress, it is imperative to examine this issue using longitudinal data with non-Western samples that include heterogenous youth in terms of demographic characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the roles of various demographic factors (i.e., gender, age, parents’ educational levels, family income, and region) in trajectories of identity distress in different domains (i.e., long-term goals, career choice, friendships, sexual orientation and behavior, religion, values or beliefs, and group loyalties) among a sample of Japanese youth. A total of 912 Japanese young adults participated in a three-wave longitudinal study. Results indicated that young Japanese people are likely to experience severe identity distress for domains that are closely related to their future goals. Additionally, the findings highlighted the relationships between various demographic factors and trajectories of identity distress, reflecting rapid changes in cultural values and social situations in contemporary Japan.

A unique Solo City

A city is a unique artifact that has meaning in the form of sites, events, and signs. Solo City should be seen as a place with cultural value, with a residential function and as an articulation of physical form. The development of the city must consider its unique conditions. The cultural values of the community must be considered while the elements of the city, functionally are synergistic and link resources and carrying capacity of the environment. Therefore, this paper addresses the question of what the city of Solo’s distinctive pattern of place, inhabitation and articulationis. The study used a qualitative descriptive method. It found that the city of Solo has experienced a change in cultural values; from mystic and utopian to realistic and pragmatic. The increase in economic activities is marked by the availability of facilities. The urban spatial structure of Solo was initially planned for the interests of transportation and defense by taking into account the concept of cosmology. Currently, Solo City has developed into a built environmentfor many activities. The city’s pattern of urban spatial changes is in line with its development dynamics.

Cultural Changes in Five Islamic Countries: A Cross-national Comparative study of Jordan, Malaysia, Morocco, Turkey and Egypt

본 연구는 이슬람 국가의 문화가치관 변화를 실증적으로 분석한 연구이다. 슈워츠(Schwartz)의 10가지 가치관과 보수주의-변화개방과 자기초월-자기강화의 영역으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 요르단, 말레이시아, 모로코, 터키, 이집트의 경우 복잡한 패턴을 보였지만 가치관의 변화를 보여주었다. 이들 5개 국가는 공통적으로 전통, 안전, 보편주의를 중요하게 여기는 경향이 강했다. 보수주의-변화개방과 자기초월-자기강화의 영역에서 말레이시아, 이집트, 요르단은 자기초월이 높아졌고 터키와 이집트는 변화에 대한 보수주의에서 변화에 대한 개방성이 높아지는 방향으로 변화하였다. 모로코와 말레이시아는 변화에 대한 개방성이 낮아지고 보수주의 경향이 높아지는 방향으로 변화하였다.This study is an empirical analysis of changes in cultural values of Muslim countries. Specifically, Schwartz s ten values and the areas of conservatism/openness to change and self-transcendence/self–enhancement were analyzed. Very complex cultural change patterns in Jordan, Malaysia, Morocco, Turkey and Egypt were found. These five Islamic countries changed to consider tradition, safety and universalism as more important factors in common. In terms of conservatism/openness to change and self-transcendence/self–enhancement, the importance of self-transcendence, showed an increase in Malaysia, Egypt and Jordan. Turkey and Egypt have changed in the direction from increased openness to conservatism to change. Morocco and Malaysia have shifted toward less openness to change.

Sweet baby Jesus, the band who must not be named, and friends U can’t trust: Disparaging, immoral and scandalous trademarks in the United States and the European Union

ABSTRACT This article will compare the ways in which the European Union’s Office of Intellectual Property (EUIPO) and the US Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) have interpreted and applied their respective trademark laws, sometimes reaching opposite conclusions. Whereas EUIPO may not register trademarks considered to be “contrary to public policy and accepted principles of morality,” the US Supreme Court has struck down as unconstitutional a Lanham Act provision that had prohibited trademarks that were “disparaging,” and the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has struck down a Lanham Act provision that had prohibited trademarks that were “immoral” or scandalous.” After analyzing the legal arguments in trademark litigation in both Europe and the United States, this article concludes that the US Supreme Court should affirm the Federal Circuit’s decision in In re Brunetti because it is more efficient to “allow the marketplace to decide” rather than place the onus of keeping up with changes in cultural values on PTO examiners. This article assumes that the European Union will continue in its efforts to prevent registration of trademarks containing hate speech or racial slurs.

Redefining “Family” and Reconstructing Child Custody in Canada


 
 
 This paper examines the historical revolution of custody regimes in Canada, with an emphasis on the twentieth century to custody practices in courts today. The law has undergone numerous critical reforms to restructure what it means to be a ‘political family’ from a socio-legal perspective. The last decade we have seen a shift in the framework that is used to define the concept of family that has paralleled changes in cultural values, gender roles and parental responsibilities. The family model now largely focuses on the child as the centerpiece of the framework, which has been reflected in recent legal reform and ongoing revisions. The shared responsibility of raising a child as a married couple reflects both the slight shift in the gender roles defined by society and the changing configuration of family dynamic from the nuclear family norm (traditional) towards a “political family”. In the political family, whether the family is “traditional” or “alternative”, each family is understood as a product of collective decisions and values. As a result of the shift towards the understanding of intersectionality within families, and acceptance of the complexity of families, legal activism in family law studies are pushing for legislation that can provide an all- encompassing framework to better aid judges within the family courts to reduce the potential for bias in judicial review. Family law studies are challenging the language around rights and obligations within a family and pushing for a “responsibility framework”. Further, the field is emphasizing a child-centered approach to divorce cases, to assess what is ultimately in the best interest of the child. As we understand the role of the family in society, we need to emphasize the responsibility of a parent and what it means to be a parent to better understand what ‘custody’ of a child entails in today’s society.
 
 

Transformation of cultural values in the era of information wars

The purpose of the article is to clarify the specifics of the transformation of cultural values in the era of information wars. Research methodology by the method of induction, by the example of information-psychological operations and wars, the key role of culture in the purposeful informational influence is proved. The scientific novelty consists in identifying the relationship between the information and cultural space during standard and strategic information wars, as well as the rationale that the information aggressor, changing the information space, is gradually achieving changes in the cultural one. Conclusions. Changes in cultural values often occur as a result of strategic information wars. The impact on culture is primarily associated with the spread of unpretentious mass culture with certain ideological content. A mass culture is an effective tool of information warfare. Its advantages are that it not only makes a profit and in the most accessible form provides the necessary information, but also eliminates and replaces the values of national cultures, which makes the objects of information aggression vulnerable and weak. Mass culture products are distributed through the media, the Internet, variety, literature, cinema, computer games and the like. All these tools are very popular and accessible to the general population. With their help, alien cultural elements are integrated into the cultural environment of the object of aggression, are perceived as new, “fashionable” and gradually replace or transform certain cultural components that are disadvantageous to subjects of information influence. Accordingly, changes in the culture of the object of information impact occur depending on changes in the cultural and information space. Purposeful changes in the cultural environment of the object of impact enable the information aggressor to correct the well-established beliefs, behavioral patterns, worldview. Therefore, to protect against information attacks, it is necessary to ensure the functioning of effective ways to protect your cultural space, including: an effective legislative framework with powerful mechanisms for the protection of cultural values, constant monitoring and analysis of external and internal information and communication sources, creating a positive reputation of the country, promoting production and development own cultural product.

Mapping Contemporary South Asian Children’s Fiction: Contentions and Contestations in Mitali Perkins’ You Bring the Distant Near and Sowmya Rajendran’s The Lesson

The spectrum of South Asian children’s fiction offers an intriguing diversity of content. In recent times, several emerging novelists associated with the genre have made telling contributions to its thematic advancement in relation to the social and cultural mores of the region. Much of contemporary South Asian children’s fiction revolves around socio-cultural and political heterogeneities, and the characters featured in children’s texts are often employed by their authors to reflect on the transformations that have taken place in Indian society. These recent changes in cultural values, the economy, communication technologies, and global connectivity, to name only a few, have led novelists to re-evaluate issues such as societal and individual identity crises, gender discrimination, and cultural hybridization. Rapid advancements in transport systems, coupled with the liberalization of economic frameworks, have ensured that the generic boundaries of South Asian children’s fiction are now depicted as less rigid and more protean. Mitali Perkins and Sowmya Rajendran, each of whom has begun to explore issues such as acculturation in diasporic communities, discrimination, and identity politics, against the backdrop of the dynamic socio-cultural fabric of South Asia, are two such emerging children’s novelists. While in the novel, You Bring the Distant Near (2017), Perkins deals with the problems of acculturation encountered by children, Rajendran focuses on the different issue of the exploitation of the female body in her dystopian novel, The Lesson (2015), which lays bare the insecurities of women living in such a society and has a close relevance to current issues affecting the lives of women in South Asian societies. Unlike other fiction in this genre, Rajendran’s narrative is meant to open the eyes of young female children, many of whom, upon reaching adulthood, must face the harsh and ineluctable reality of the marginalization and abuse of the female body in a patriarchal society. Taking recourse to relevant theoretical insights, this article seeks to examine and question the subjective interventions of both Perkins and Rajendran into understandings of diaspora and the female body, respectively.

Dominasi Kultural Figur Bunda Maria Dalam Ritual Semana Santa Pada Masyarakat Larantuka, Flores Timur

Mary's figure is so exclusive to the people of Larantuka City which appear in the Semana Santa ritual. In addition, in Lera Wulan Tanah Ekan's lamaholot ethnic pre-Catholic religious system which views female figures as representations of the universe, it brings forth an allegation to the author that there is a correlation with the cultural dominance of The Virgin Mary figure. This research analyzes Semana Santa's ritual phenomenon as the main indicator of Larantuka society's exclusive appreciation and perception background toward The Virgin Mary and try to seek, Larantuka people as Lamaholot ethnic have a cultural value called lewotana covering all the values they embrace and implement, including the value in their religious system. In order understanding from Larantuka society's point of view as the culprit. This research uses Schultz and Husserl phenomenology theory. Before the arrival of the Catholic culture to understand by finding the background about the phenomenon of change of cultural values of the lewotana developing into the cultural value of Catholic, researcher used the theory of phenomenology. In addition, Geertz's interpretive and ethnoscience approach as a supporting theory. The research method that will be used is qualitative method. This is because qualitative methods are more representative and relevant for observations and detailed interviews.The final outcome of this study answers two problems, the first one revealing how the procession of Semana santa ritual which implicitly contain the value of feminism that appears on activity and ritual attributes. The value is represented through the figure of The Virgin Mary. It also describes the history of Semana santa development associated with the acculturation process of Lamaholot culture with Catholic culture. The second is the cultural dominance of The Virgin Mary figure which motivated by the characteristic and cultural value of Lamaholot (pre-Catholic) which is feminist. The phenomenon of the cultural system religion of Larantuka society alteration from Lera Wulan Tanah Ekan and Lewotana into Catholic culture only occurs at the level of social behavior and artifacts, the idea of the value of the sacred women figure who is considered as a representation of the universe still exist in the cognitive nature of Larantuka society with the figure of The Virgin Mary as a substitution process media of feminist value along with symbol as "place" meaning to the admiration and respect to woman figure, especially mother.

Assessing the determinants of retirement home ownership among Malaysian young-old seniors

PurposeMany of the existing senior living accommodation options in Malaysia are ill-suited to the needs and requirements of seniors as they age further. To establish best practice guidance to meet the housing needs for seniors, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of neighbourhood quality, locational and structural attributes on the likelihood of owning a retirement home among the young-old aged 60 to 74 years in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, 300 young-old retirees from Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were interviewed using purposive sampling. Only 240 were used for the analysis.FindingsThe results revealed that respondents are likely to own the retirement home which could support their overall health and well-being within a safe and supportive senior-friendly neighbourhood. Furthermore, respondents are willing to reside in the retirement home that is served with good access to amenities.Research limitations/implicationsThe likelihood of young-old seniors adjusting their housing disequilibrium situation is higher as long as the right housing attributes are incorporated into the retirement home.Practical implicationsThe results of this paper would be very pertinent for the development of the physical planning guidelines on settlements and facilities for the elderly in Malaysia.Originality/valueWith the change in cultural values, the increasing life expectancy in senior adult population and improved household income in Malaysia, there is great potential for purpose-built senior housing projects for seniors who need help with activities of daily living, but desire to live as independently as possible.

Law, Ethics and Gender: China\u2019s Quest for a Modern Selfhood as Reflected in its Adaptations of Ibsen\u2019s A Doll\u2019s House

In this paper, I will discuss Chinese adaptations of A Doll’s House as a point of departure to see how problems arise when the self and the behaviour of a person is defined in legal terms at the expense of moral motives and how men and women have different concepts of law and morality. Gender issues in the formation of selfhood and philosophical concepts of behavioural “performativity” will be examined in the context of China’s experimentations in projecting new concepts of womanhood and the female self. As a context, I will also outline some of the changes in cultural values and ethical categories in China over the past century, so as to see why the individualist conception of the self has played such a paramount important role in China’s quest for modernity.

Social tipping points in global groundwater management.

Groundwater is critical to global food security, environmental flows, and millions of rural livelihoods in the face of climate change 1 . Although a third of Earth's largest groundwater basins are being depleted by irrigated agriculture 2 , little is known about the conditions that lead resource users to comply with conservation policies. Here we developed an agent-based model 3,4 of irrigated agriculture rooted in principles of cooperation 5,6 and collective action 7 and grounded on the World Values Survey Wave 6 (n = 90,350). Simulations of three major aquifer systems facing unsustainable demands reveal tipping points where social norms towards groundwater conservation shift abruptly with small changes in cultural values and monitoring and enforcement provisions. These tipping points are amplified by group size and best invoked by engaging a minority of rule followers. Overall, we present a powerful tool for evaluating the contingency of regulatory compliance upon cultural, socioeconomic, institutional and physical conditions, and its susceptibility to change beyond thresholds. Managing these thresholds may help to avoid unsustainable groundwater development, reduce enforcement costs, better account for cultural diversity in transboundary aquifer management and increase community resilience to changes in regional climate. Although we focus on groundwater, our methods and findings apply broadly to other resource management issues.

Corruption in Nigeria: Theoretical Explanation

<p>The purpose of the current study is to explain corruption from social learning and social disorganization perspectives. The study utilized survey design, participants were selected through convenience sampling and two thousand and fifty six respondents participated in the study. Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, frequency tables and percentages were adopted to analyze the data collected from the field. Both male and female participants, irrespective of their religion perceived that changes in cultural values have increased corruption in Nigeria. Majority of the participants noted that corruption as a behaviour is learned. The findings indicate that social learning and social disorganization theories are relevant in explaining incidents of corrupt practices in Nigeria.</p>

Qualitative exploration of business leadership in Vietnam

Vietnam’s transition towards a market orientation has generated many changes in cultural values, competing demands and diverse expectations related to management leadership. The study we argue make...

Protecting the Majority of Humanity

Protecting the Majority of Humanity

GENDER WAGE DISPARITY IN THE UNITED STATES: SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT V. LEGISLATIONS

This study aimed at investigating the contributing factors to the persistence of gender pay disparity in American workforce despite decades of the enactment of progressive, federal legislations concerning on women’s wage. This study employed sociological approach and utilized qualitative research to achieve its predetermined objectives. Utilizing library research, data were gathered and analyzed using gender theory, particularly the theory of devaluation of women’s work. The results of this study indicated that prevalent American cultural values on gender roles and pay secrecy interfere with the federal legislations concerning on women’s wage. Meaning to say, the socio-cultural context where the legislations are applied and enforced seems to be, in some ways, contradictory to the legislations. The data of this study showed that in the workplace, cultural values on gender roles affected the decisions in hiring and during the employment, which further resulted in gender discriminatory practices (in general) and gender wage discrimination (in specific). Meanwhile, the prevalence of cultural values of not talking about salary reinforced employer’s policy against salary disclosure (PSC rules), which led to the hindrance of wage transparency that is in fact, in contradictory to what the legislations suggested. As a conclusion, gender wage disparity could not be cured solely with the enactment of federal legislations. Evolutionary changes in cultural values of the society are also significant in eliminating the gender wage disparity in American workforce.Keywords: gender wage disparity, socio-cultural context, cultural values, federal legislations, pay secrecy

Can digging make you happy? Archaeological excavations, happiness and heritage

BackgroundCurrent government agendas for investigating the “Gross National Happiness” have spurred private and commercial organizations to consider whether their work has the potential to influence peoples' happiness and sense of well-being. The role of archaeological projects has yet to be considered, despite the body of research pertaining to their wider social values. Methods: By combining quantitative methodological well-being measures offered by positive and negative affect schedule and modified visual analogue scale (MVAS), this research evaluates if it is possible to identify the role archaeological projects play in enhancing well-being. Results: The analysis of the quantitative data is used to assess whether it is possible to quantitatively identify and link changes in cultural values to involvements in heritage projects. Conclusions: This paper sets out a methodological framework for analysing heritage well-being, providing guidelines for future evaluations of the cultural value of heritage.

The Ethics of Breast Surgery.

Breast surgery has evolved as a subspecialty of general surgery and requires a working knowledge of benign and malignant diseases, surgical techniques, shared decision-making with patients, collaboration with a multi-disciplinary team, and a basic foundation in surgical ethics. Ethics is defined as the practice of analyzing, evaluating, and promoting best conduct based upon available standards. As new information is obtained or as cultural values change, best conduct may be re-defined. In 2014, the Ethics Committee of the ASBrS acknowledged numerous ethical issues, specific to the practice of breast surgery. This independent review of ethical concerns was created by the Ethics Committee to provide a resource for ASBrS members as well as other surgeons who perform breast surgery. In this review, the professional, clinical, research and technology considerations that breast surgeons face are reviewed with guidelines for ethical physician behavior.

A Friction of Cultural Values and Characteristics of Imperial Mosque in Ternate

Indonesia has many religious culture that should be preserved one of which is the imperial mosque. Most of the imperial mosque has its own characteristics in carrying out activities both religious and cultural. Sultanate of Ternate is the largest sultanates in eastern Indonesia which would give other peculiarities that need to be raised as a typical Indonesian culture. The purpose of this study is to identify the type of tradition in doing at the mosque sultanate by people of Ternate and changes in cultural values of the people of Ternate in the imperial mosque. In this study found the phenomenon characteristic changes in cultural values by linking changes in the physical aspect and non-physical. To determine the effect of these factors, the method used is the method of observation of physical traces. This method is expected to be able to explain the effect of the change occurred. Based on the results of the study indicate compliance is still customary rules of religious traditions in the imperial mosque although some traditions that formerly taboo has been done, the progress of the times, increase knowledge, and make the implementation of the reform and renewal of cultural values carried by the community for various reasons theTernate.

Societal Change and Values in Arab Communities in Israel

This study tested and extended Greenfield’s theory of social change and human development to adolescent development in Arab communities in Israel undergoing rapid social change. The theory views sociodemographic changes—such as contact with an ethnically diverse urban setting and spread of technology—as driving changes in cultural values. In one research design, we compared three generations, high school girls, their mothers, and their grandmothers, in their responses to value-assessment scenarios. In a second research design, we compared girls going to high school in an ethnically diverse city with girls going to school in a village. As predicted by the theory, a t test and ANOVA revealed that both urban life and membership in the youngest generation were significantly related to more individualistic and gender-egalitarian values. Regression analysis and a bootstrapping mediation analysis showed that the mechanism of change in both cases was possession of mobile technologies.

Local perceptions of Tibetan village sacred forests in northwest Yunnan

Sacred natural sites have played important social and cultural roles in many cultures around the world for centuries. More recently, scientists have shown that sacred sites act as de facto protected areas. However, the potential for sacred sites to be integrated into conservation strategies depends on the motivations of people to protect them. The objective of this study is to understand people’s relationships with village-level sacred forests in northwest Yunnan, China. We conducted 201 standardized open-ended interviews of both men and women over 18years of age from six communities in the area near the city of Shangrila. While this region of Yunnan is undergoing dramatic socio-economic changes that can contribute to changes in cultural values, we find no evidence that people’s appreciation for sacred forests is declining. Our results show that the forests hold primarily religious meaning for people, people visit the forests regularly, and, while younger people know less about the forests, they do not differ in terms of use and appreciation, indicating that the value of the areas is not decreasing. Because people primarily view these sacred forests as religious sites and do not directly associate them with ecological value, we suggest that direct integration of these areas into conservation strategies may not be appropriate.