Changes In Percent Body Fat Research Articles

Examination of a Sigmoid Shape Composition for BMI Fluctuation and Fat Percentage

Body mass index (BMI) is an index of physique proposed by Quetelet, and has been given meaning as the Quetelet function, which is the ratio of body weight to the square of height. In recent years, BMI has been considered an indicator of obesity due to its high correlation with body fat percentage. However, while the relationship between BMI and body fat percentage shows a high correlation, the composition of that relationship is not well understood. Moreover, there is almost no information on the relational composition in males and females. In this study, we investigated that relational composition to determine whether the relationship between BMI and body fat percentage follows a linear trend or a curvilinear trend. For that purpose, we analyzed the changes in body fat percentage associated with fluctuations in BMI. For BMI fluctuations, the body fat percentage of the scale width of one BMI unit was calculated when BMI was increased one unit at a time, and the changes in the calculated statistics were analyzed. The type of function series to which the relationship between BMI and body fat percentage fits was then verified. The results demonstrated that in males the fluctuations in body fat percentage with respect to BMI show a sigmoid shape. In males, when BMI exceeds 25, the velocity of body fat percentage decreases and soon reaches a constant level. A sigmoid curve is thought to be a finding that means a critical point in the inflection point phenomenon. Therefore, the fact that the change in body fat percentage with respect to BMI shows a sigmoid shape means that, in males, body fat percentage shows a critical point at a BMI of 25. In females, however, the critical point is a BMI of 28.6 and body fat percentage reaches a constant level when a point higher than that in males is exceeded, but the shape could not be judged to be sigmoid. There are limits to BMI for humans, we propose a limiting body fat percentage hypothesis in which body fat percentage becomes constant from a BMI of around 32.

Assessment of Age-Induced Changes in Body Fat Percentage and BMI Aided by Bayesian Modelling: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

BackgroundLoss of fat-free mass (FFM) and gain in body fat (BF) are the key disability risk factors, also instrumental in perpetuating already existing functional disorders. Obesity construed in terms of body mass index (BMI) values, in view of undesirable gain in BF, is a risk factor for cardio-metabolic disorders. Both detrimental processes clearly evidence a scope of involutionary changes characteristic of an aging population, also standing for one of its greatest burdens.PurposeThe present study aimed to assess the changes in body composition (BC), in conjunction with the relationship between BF% and BMI, for defining overweight and obesity status in middle-aged and older adults, against the select indicator variables under study.Materials and MethodsThe study involved 4799 individuals (33.7% men), PONS Project participants, aged 43–64 years. BF% was measured with the aid of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. Age-induced changes in BC were determined against BF%, fat mass (FM), FFM, BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). The relationship between BF% and BMI was established with the aid of Bayesian regression models, adjusted for gender and age.ResultsIn both genders, BF% increased with age at a similar annual rate. The reduction of FFM was noted mainly in men, which in conjunction with BF% gain ensured BMI stability. The increase in BF% in women with stable FFM affected an increase in BMI. Regardless of the BMI threshold, the anticipated (predicted) BF% increased with age in both genders.ConclusionMonitoring of BC is of particular importance in older adults, in view of appreciably better characteristics of both the short- and long-term health predictors, as well as overall potential for developing specifically targeted, effective health interventions.

AB008. OP-8 The relationship between smoking and body fat percentage of obese individuals before laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Background: Obesity is a common worldwide public health problem. With the ever rising prevalence of obesity metabolic, cardiovascular and socio-psychological problems are increasing as well. It is aimed to analyze how smoking concomitant affects the rate of incidence of these conditions and changes in body fat percentage.

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty plus liraglutide versus endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty alone for weight loss

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) has been shown to be effective for inducing weight loss. The efficacy of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, to augment weight loss after ESG is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of ESG and liraglutide (ESG-L) compared with ESG alone. This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data from patients undergoing ESG at 3 outpatient clinics in Brazil between November 2017 and July 2018. Liraglutide was offered to all patients 5 months after ESG. Patients who opted to take liraglutide (ESG-L) were matched 1:1 to patients who declined it (ESG). The primary outcome was percent total body weight loss (%TBWL), and percent excess weight loss (%EWL) 7 months after initiation of liraglutide (12 months after ESG). The secondary outcome was change in percent body fat 12 months after ESG. ESG technique and postprocedure follow-up were identical at all 3 sites. Propensity score matching yielded 26 matched pairs. Adjusted comparisons between the 2 groups showed that patients who opted to take liraglutide had a superior mean %TBWL 7 months after initiation of liraglutide (ESG-L) compared with those who declined it (ESG) (24.72% ± 2.12% vs 20.51% ± 1.68%, respectively; P< .001). ESG-L had a statistically greater reduction in percent body fat compared with ESG (7.85% ± 1.26% vs 10.54% ± 1.88%, respectively; P< .001) at 12 months. Addition of liraglutide at 5 months results in superior weight loss and improved efficacy as demonstrated by decreased body fat 12 months after ESG. Further studies are imperative to determine optimal dose, timing, and duration of liraglutide.

Eight Weeks of Supervised Indoor Climbing Significantly Reduces Arterial Pressure and Total Cholesterol in Recreational Climbers

The present study sought to investigate physiological adaptations associated with an 8-week supervised climbing intervention in recreational climbers. Nine participants (5 males and 4 females; age: 37 ± 8 years; stature: 169.7 ± 10.6 cm; body mass 83.3 ± 20.3 kg) volunteered to complete the intervention concomitant with their recreational climbing activities. Blood pressure, body composition, peak aerobic capacity, total cholesterol, and handgrip strength were assessed before and after the intervention. Post-intervention, diastolic blood pressure was significantly reduced (pre: 87 ± 6 mmHg, post: 72 ± 10 mmHg, p<0.01), without significant changes in systolic blood pressure (pre: 136 ± 15 mmHg, post: 128 ± 20 mmHg, p=0.19). This resulted in a significant reduction in mean arterial pressure (pre: 103 ± 9 mmHg, post: 90 ± 13 mmHg, p<0.01). A significant reduction in total cholesterol was also observed following the 8-week climbing intervention (pre: 5.09 ± 0.49 mmol/L, post: 4.39 ± 0.63 mmol/L, p<0.01). However, there were no significant changes in body fat percentage (p=0.67), skeletal muscle mass (p=0.76), isometric hand-grip strength (dominant hand: p=0.93, non-dominant hand: p=0.12) or peak aerobic capacity (p=0.37). Supervised indoor climbing exercise may therefore serve as an important non-pharmacological intervention to improve cardiovascular health by reducing mean arterial pressure and total cholesterol levels in recreational climbers, independent of changes in body composition or peak aerobic capacity.

Association between Exercise-Induced Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity among Overweight and Obese Youth: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis.

The aim of this study was to determine the minimum change in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) required to reduce adiposity (percent body fat) in exercise programs for overweight and obese youth. Studies were identified through a systematic search of five databases. Studies were limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise training (e.g., aerobic, strength, concurrent) that assessed percent body fat and CRF for both exercise and control groups in overweight and obese children and adolescents. A series of meta-regressions were conducted to explore links between change in CRF (maximum oxygen consumption, ml/kg/min) and change in percent body fat. Twenty-three RCTs were included (n = 1790, 59% females). Meta-regression analysis suggested that increases of at least 0.38 mL/kg/min in CRF (p < 0.001) were considered to be a clinically important reduction of percent body fat (−2.30%, 95% confidence interval −3.02 to −1.58; p < 0.001; I2 = 92.2%). Subgroup analysis showed that increases of at least 0.17 mL/kg/min in CRF favored a reduction of percent body fat of −1.62% (95% confidence interval −2.04 to −1.20; p < 0.001; I2 = 69.9%). In conclusion, this change in CRF could be considered by pediatric researchers, youth fitness specialists, and health care providers to determine the effectiveness in body fat reductions through exercise.

Change in Weight, BMI, and Body Composition in a Population-Based Intervention Versus Genetic-Based Intervention: The NOW Trial.

The aim of this study was to compare changes in body fat percentage (BFP), weight, and BMI between a standard intervention and a nutrigenomics intervention. The Nutrigenomics, Overweight/Obesity and Weight Management (NOW) trial is a parallel-group, pragmatic, randomized controlled clinical trial incorporated into the Group Lifestyle BalanceTM (GLB) Program. Statistical analyses included two-way ANOVA and split-plot ANOVA. Inclusion criteria consisted of: BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 , ≥18 years of age, English speaking, willing to undergo genetic testing, having internet access, and not seeing another health care provider for weight-loss advice outside of the study. Pregnancy and lactation were exclusion criteria. GLB groups were randomly assigned 1 to 1 (N = 140) so that participants received either the standard 12-month GLB program or a modified 12-month program (GLB plus nutrigenomics), which included the provision of nutrigenomics information and advice for weight management. The primary outcome was percent change in BFP. Secondary outcomes were change in weight and BMI. The GLB plus nutrigenomics group experienced significantly (P < 0.05) greater reductions in percent and absolute BFP at the 3-month follow-up and percent BFP at the 6-month follow-up compared with the standard GLB group. The nutrigenomics intervention used in the NOW trial can optimize change in body composition up to 6 months.

The Relationship Between Physical Activity And Inflammatory Markers In Youth With Overweight/obesity

While physical activity is known to have beneficial effects in youth, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for these effects, including how it affects inflammatory markers among youth. This is especially true in youth with overweight or obesity. Furthermore, it has not been definitively established that changes in physical activity can elicit changes in inflammatory markers among youth with overweight and obesity. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a one-year lifestyle intervention on markers of inflammation in youth with overweight or obesity. METHODS: Eighty-three children (mean age 8.7 yrs ±1.2, 53% male, 46% with overweight, 53% with obesity) participating in a longitudinal intervention to increase physical activity and improve diet, provided data on physical activity (via accelerometer), body composition (via DXA), and fasting inflammatory markers (adiponectin, TNF-a, resistin, IL-6). T-tests were conducted to examine changes over time, and linear regression analyses were employed to assess the influence of changes over time [moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), percent body fat] on year-one inflammatory marker values while controlling for baseline levels. RESULTS: Our results indicated significant decreases (all p<.001) at year-one from baseline in adiponectin (10.1 μg/mL to 6.6 μg/mL), TNF-a (22.1 pg/mL to 4.4 pg/mL), IL-6 (18.7 pg/mL to 10.7 pg/mL), while resistin increased significantly (3.7 ng/mL to 6.8 ng/mL). Changes in percent body fat did not significantly predict inflammatory markers at follow up. Increased MVPA over time predicted lower resistin levels at follow up. CONCLUSIONS: A physical activity intervention successfully reduced two inflammatory markers, and greater MPVA may protect against increases in resistin among youth with overweight or obesity.

Impact of a group-based intervention program on physical activity and health-related outcomes in worksite settings

BackgroundThe benefits of physical activity (PA) have been well documented, and the worksite is a promising setting for PA promotion. The aims of this study were as follows: 1. To evaluate the effect of a group-based worksite intervention on PA and health-related outcomes by using pedometers. 2. To examine the associations between the change in vigorous physical activity (VPA)/moderate physical activity (MPA)/walking and health related outcomes.MethodsA total of 398 participants (221 in the intervention group (IG) and 177 in the control group (CG)) from 17 worksites were recruited for a prospective self-controlled trial of a worksite physical activity intervention program in China. In the IG, a pedometer was utilized to self-monitor the PA, together with group competition, goal setting, and other incentives. No intervention was applied to the CG. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and health-related outcomes were measured at baseline and immediately after the 100-day period intervention.ResultsA total of 262 participants completed the program (68.3% adherence). Adherence in the intervention group was 67.9% (n = 150/221). Improvements between baseline and follow-up among intervention participants were observed in the following parameters: VPA (+ 109.7 METs/week; p < 0.05), walking (+ 209.2 METs/week; p < 0.01), systolic blood pressure (SBP; − 2.1 mmHg; p < 0.01), waist circumference (WC; − 2.3 cm; p < 0.01), body fat percentage (BF); − 1.0%; p < 0.01), and body mass index (BMI; − 0.5 kg/m2; p < 0.01). VPA was related to changes in body fat percentage (p < 0.05) and body mass index (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis integrated group-based intervention program contributed to comprehensive improvement in health-related outcomes. The study was useful for establishing associations between change in VPA/MPA/walking and health-related outcomes in a natural setting. Long-term evaluation is required to examine the potential of such an integrated intervention to promote PA.RegistrationThis study was prospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Trial registration number: ChiCTR-1,800,015,529. Date of registration: April 5, 2018.

Independent and Interactive Associations of Fitness and Fatness With Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Background: Findings for associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors are inconsistent, and the interactive association between CRF and fatness with CMR factors is unclear in children. Our study aimed to examine whether CRF and fatness are independently and interactively associated with CMR factors.Methods: We included 5,869 children aged 6–13 years in the analysis. Physical examinations, blood tests, and CRF were measured at baseline and 1 year later. Cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS) was computed by summing Z scores of waist circumference (WC), averaged systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, multiplied by −1), and triglycerides.Results: There was a high correlation between fatness and CRF in both boys and girls. High baseline CRF was independently associated with favorable changes in CMRS, BMI, WC, percent body fat (PBF), total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C (all P < 0.025). Improved CRF was independently associated with favorable changes in CMRS, BMI, WC, PBF, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, and fasting glucose (all P < 0.0321). Baseline BMI was positively associated with changes in CMRS, WC, blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR (all P < 0.0462). Low PBF at baseline was associated with favorable changes in CMRS, BMI, WC, blood pressure, HDL-C, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR (all P < 0.0423). The percentage of the total effect of baseline CRF on changes in CMRS, triglycerides, HDL-C, PBF, and WC mediated by baseline BMI was 66.0, 61.6, 40.3, 20.7, and 9.2%, respectively. Baseline CRF was a significant mediator for the association between baseline BMI and changes in CMRS (mediated by 4.3%), triglycerides (5.1%), and HDL-C (12.0%). An inverse association was found between baseline CRF and CMRS in children with high baseline BMI/PBF only. Improved CRF was associated with decreased BMI and WC in children with low baseline CRF.Conclusions: Fatness and CRF are each independently associated with changes in CMR factors. Fatness is a major mediator for the association between CRF and CMR factors, whereas the association between fatness and CMR factors is also mediated by CRF. The beneficial effect of high CRF on CMR factors was more evident in obese or unfit children.

Comparison of tofogliflozin versus glimepiride as the third oral agent added to metformin plus a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, 24-week, open-label, controlled trial (STOP-OB).

Metformin plus a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP‐4i) is the most common therapy for Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. This 24‐week, multicentre, open‐label, parallel‐group trial randomized patients on dual therapy to add‐on tofogliflozin (20 mg/day, n = 33) or glimepiride (0.5 mg/day, n = 31). The primary outcome was change in body fat percentage. The secondary outcomes included changes in HbA1c, fat mass, fat‐free mass, liver function variables and uric acid. Tofogliflozin and glimepiride reduced HbA1c to a similar extent. Body fat percentage did not change from baseline in either group. Fat mass was reduced by tofogliflozin but was increased by glimepiride (by −2.0 ± 1.7 kg and +1.6 ± 1.6 kg, P = .002). Fat‐free mass was also reduced by tofogliflozin and increased by glimepiride (by −1.3 ± 1.3 kg and +0.9 ± 2.0 kg, P < .001). Alanine aminotransferase and uric acid levels were reduced by tofogliflozin (P = .006 and P < .001, respectively). These data provide novel information useful for selecting the third oral agent for patients whose diabetes is inadequately controlled with metformin plus DPP‐4i dual therapy.

A Long-Term Pilot Study on Sex and Spinal Cord Injury Shows Sexual Dimorphism in Functional Recovery and Cardio-Metabolic Responses

More than a quarter of a million individuals in the US live with spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI disrupts neural circuitry to vital organs in the body. Despite severe incidences of long-term peripheral complications from SCI, the cardio-metabolic consequences and divergences in sex-related responses are not well described. We examined the effects of SCI on functional recovery, cardiac structure and function, body composition, and glucose metabolism on adult female and male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. SCI was induced at T10 via contusion. Measured outcomes include behavioral assessment, body weight, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for body composition, echocardiography for cardiac structure and function, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) for glucose metabolism, insulin tolerance test (ITT), and histology of cardiac structure at the endpoint. There was a decrease in body fat percentage in both sexes, with SCI females disproportionately affected in percent body fat change. Left ventricular internal diameter during systole (LVIDs) was decreased in SCI females more than in SCI males. No significant differences in glucose metabolism were observed up to 20 weeks post-injury (PI). These data show significant cardio-metabolic differences as a consequence of SCI and, furthermore, that sex is an underlying factor in these differences.

Changes in SFRP5, WNT5A, HbA1c, BMI, PBF, and insulin resistance in men with type 2 diabetes after 12 weeks of combined exercise (HIIT and resistance)

Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) and WNT family member 5A (WNT5A) have been found to associate with glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through noncanonical WNT signaling. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in SFRP5, WNT5A, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (PBF), and insulin resistance in men with type 2 diabetes after 12 weeks of combined exercise (high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance) and examine the relationship between these variables in men with type 2 diabetes. Nineteen men with type 2 diabetes (mean age of 58.3) were divided into two groups: experimental group (10 individuals) and control group (9 individuals). The experimental group performed 12 weeks of combined exercise (HIIT and resistance). Twelve weeks of combined exercise (HIIT and resistance) increased SFRP5 serum level and decreased WNT5A serum level, HbA1c, insulin resistance, BMI, and PBF in the intervention group compared with the control group. SFRP5 had a significant negative relationship with WNT5A, insulin resistance, BMI, and PBF. In addition, BMI had a significant positive relationship with WNT5A, insulin resistance, and PBF. The improvement of type 2 diabetic men’s health can be a result of increased anti-inflammatory factor SFRP5 and decreased inflammatory factor WNT5A through reduction of BMI and PBF. IRCT20151026024717N3

Male mice placed on a ketogenic diet from postnatal day (P) 21 through adulthood have reduced growth, are hypoactive, show increased freezing in a conditioned fear paradigm, and have spatial learning deficits

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a non-pharmacological treatment for specific types of epilepsy. In addition, it has been shown to be effective in mitigating other neurologic disorders. The KD is also effective in reducing body mass, leading to an increase in use by the general population for weight loss. As the popularity of the clinical and general use of the KD has increased, it is important to develop adequate mouse models to better understand the effects of the KD in both normal and diseased states. Many times, the best outcome for disorders treatable with the KD would be achieved by commencing treatment in early life. Few studies have evaluated the cognitive effect of starting the KD in early life. To better understand these effects, male C57BL6/J mice were placed on a KD from postnatal day (P) 21 through young adulthood (~P90). KD-fed mice had increased blood ketone levels, reduced blood glucose, and reduced weight gain versus mice fed a control diet (CD). The weight loss in the KD-fed mice was not accompanied by a change in body fat percentage, suggesting that there was a loss of lean mass. Behavioral testing began on P60 while the mice were still on the diet. KD-fed mice were hypoactive with CD-fed mice. In the Morris water maze, KD-fed mice showed decreased path efficiency, suggesting a spatial learning deficits. No differences were observed in spatial memory or in novel object recognition memory. In a contextual and conditioned fear paradigm, the KD-fed mice had an increase in freezing behavior. These data suggest that early-life exposure to a KD leads to impaired body composition and long-term cognitive changes.

Efficacy of Homeopathy in Addition to a Multidisciplinary Intervention for Overweight or Obesity in Mexican Adolescents: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Current recommendations for treating obesity in adolescence include a comprehensive approach (nutritional, behavioral, and exercise). Calcarea carbonica ostrearum (CCO) is a homeopathic medicine usually prescribed in obese individuals, but its effects on weight and body fat are not completely known. The aim of this study will be to evaluate the efficacy of homeopathic CCO, in addition to a multidisciplinary intervention (diet, motivational support, and exercise program), on body fat and weight in obese adolescents. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, superiority trial with 3-month study duration will be undertaken. The study will be conducted in a public research hospital in Mexico City, Hospital Juárez de México, in the outpatient services of homeopathy and sports medicine. Eighty non-diabetic adolescents, 12 to 19 years old, who are overweight or obese, will be included. The primary outcome: change in body fat percentage at week 12. The secondary outcomes: change in mean total weight, total body mass index, fat mass index, waist-hip ratio, lean muscle mass, fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, lipid profile, score of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R) and score of Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) at week 12. Efficacy data will be analyzed in the intention-to-treat sample. To determine the difference in the outcomes between groups at baseline and week 12, data will be analyzed using Student's t-test. This is the first randomized controlled trial aimed to determine the fat-reducing efficacy in obese adolescents of a homeopathic medicine, CCO, given in addition to a multidisciplinary intervention, compared with placebo plus the same intervention. It is an attempt to support scientific evidence in homeopathy for one of the most common chronic diseases, which causes high mortality due to its complications. CLINICALTRIALS. NCT03945396: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03945396?term=homeopathy+for+obesity+in+Mexican+adolescents&rank=1.

Porcentaje de grasa corporal en adolescentes asociado con conductas alimentarias de riesgo, hogar y sexo

To determine the association of risky eating behaviors and the home with the percentage of body fat in adolescents, modified by gender. We analyzed the information of a cohort of 2 388 adolescents from Morelos in Mexico, from 2004 to 2007. Descriptive techniques and multiple linear regression models of mixed effects were performed. The change in body fat percentage (PGC) is -1.4 percentage points, in men -3.1, in women 0.2. The change of the PGC in relation to CAR's and the household is different by sex. The multiple model shows that diet is associated with an increase in PGC (1.25 IC95% 0.68-1.83) in women, in men of 1.74 (95% CI 0.60-2.88). In relation with the family, women show a positive relationship with the increase in the percentage of body fat according to whether they feel that their family does not love them sometimes or never (value p of trend <0.001), men show in the variable "Satisfied with the help your family receives", a marginal association. Performing a diet without supervision is associated with an increase in the PGC, giving an effect contrary to what is desired. This is associated with family relationships, and is different between sex.

탄력밴드를 활용한 복합운동이 비만 중년여성의 혈중 중성지방 개선과 신체조성 발달에 미치는 영향

Globally, obesity is defined as a disease, and in Korea, as the prevalence of obesity is higher than in the past, the obesity is serious. In particular, women"s obesity is known to be associated with women"s diseases. Triglyceride (TG), a blood triglyceride that is common in obese people, is associated with various lifestyle and vascular diseases. By improving TG and body composition, the development of body composition through body fat percentage and body mass index (BMI), which are indicators of obesity, is necessary. The elastic band exercise is an exercise that can be effectively performed by obese middle-aged women, and it is a combination of resistance exercise and aerobic exercise. It is expected to have a positive effect on the improvement of blood TG and body composition during exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use as a method for the prevention and treatment of obesity along with the healthy physical development of obese middle-aged women. The subjects of this study were 12 obese middle-aged women in their 40s with BMI 25 or more. The exercise was performed using elastic bands three times a week for 10 weeks and with intensity above 70% HRMax.We used the t-test using SPSS24.0 to examine the changes in body fat percentage and BMI, which were divided into pre and post blood triglycerides and body composition. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between factors, and all statistical significance levels were set to α = .05. The results showed that the percentage of body fat (p<.05), BMI (p<.01), and blood triglycerides (p <.001) were decreased than pre-, and there was a statistically significant very high correlation between triglycerides * and body fat percentages (p<.001). The results showed that 10 weeks of combined exercise using elastic bands was effective in improving blood triglycerides and body composition in obese middle-aged women. There was a very high positive correlation between blood triglyceride and body fat percentage. Therefore, in the related follow-up studies, studies on the effects of obesity prevention exercise should be conducted on the overweight level, not on the obese person, and on the triglycerides as well as the various lifestyle-related factors caused by obesity.

Comparing the effect of 10 weeks High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate Intensity Aerobic Training (MIAT) on C-reactive protein level and lipid profiles in overweight inactive men

Background: The cardio-vascular diseases have an inflammatory background and systemic inflammation has the key role in the development of atherosclerosis and this factor may specially increase cardiovascular problems in overweight and obese people. The aim of this study was compares the effects of ten weeks High Intensity Interval (HIIT) training and moderate intensity aerobic training (MIAT) on some cardiovascular risk factors in overweight inactive men. Methods: Nineteen overweight men (with an average age of 24.12 ± 1.42 and body mass index 27.27 ± 0.94 kg / m2) voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly divided to 2 Groups: Group A (HIIT) and Group B (MIAT). Subjects performed training programs for 10 weeks, 3 sessions per week. The levels of C-reactive protein and lipid profile were measured before and after 10 weeks of training programs. For statistical data analysis, independent and paired t tests were used and considered significant at a p≤0.05. Results: After 12 weeks of High Intensity Interval training, levels of cholesterol (P=0.001), LDL (P=0.002) and CRP (P=0.001) were significantly reduced and HDL level increased significantly (P=0.001), In MIAT training group, only a significant reduction in cholesterol was found (P=0.006). Conclusion: The ten weeks HIIT training can cause favorable changes in body fat percentage, lipid profile and CRP level in overweight students.

Three-Year Longitudinal Fitness Tracking in Top-Level Competitive Youth Ice Hockey Players.

Cordingley, DM, Sirant, L, MacDonald, PB, and Leiter, JR. Three-year longitudinal fitness tracking in top-level competitive youth ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2909-2912, 2019-The purpose of this retrospective review was to report the physical and physiological development of top-level competitive male youth hockey players for 3 consecutive years (13, 14, and 15 years of age). Before each hockey season, the athletes (n = 103) underwent a fitness testing combine to assess aerobic, anaerobic, and musculoskeletal fitness. The tests performed included the height, body mass, body fat percentage determined by skinfolds, push-ups, chin-ups, plank, broad jump, grip strength 20-m shuttle run, Wingate bike test, and 5-10-5 shuttle test. Height and body mass increased with each consecutive year (p < 0.05) with no change in body fat percentage. Chin-ups, broad jump, and grip strength all improved with age (p < 0.001). However, push-ups only improved from 13 to 14 years of age (p < 0.001), whereas maximal plank duration decreased from 14 to 15 years of age (p < 0.05). The total distance covered during the 20-m shuttle run decreased from 14 to 15 years of age (p < 0.05). Absolute peak and average power increased with each age increase (p < 0.001), but relative peak and average power only increased from 13 to 14 years of age (p < 0.05). There was no change in the fatigue index with age. The 5-10-5 shuttle test improved with each age increase (p < 0.05). Over a 3-year period (13-15 years of age), there are many physical and physiological changes that occur in top-level competitive male hockey players. Having a better understanding of how these athletes develop could aid in the implementation of specific on- and off-ice training programs.

What change in body mass index is associated with improvement in percentage body fat in childhood obesity? A meta-regression

ObjectiveUsing meta-regression this paper sets out the minimum change in body mass index-SD score (BMI-SDS) required to improve adiposity as percentage body fat for children and adolescents with obesity.DesignMeta-regression.SettingStudies were...