Changzhou City Research Articles

Risk assessment and zoning of flood disaster in Wuchengxiyu Region, China

Based on the data of physical geography and social economy, an index system of Wuchengxiyu Region was constructed with the disaster-inducing factors, disaster-pregnant environment, and disaster-bearing body as indicators by analyzing the formation and impact factors of flood disasters. The weight of each index was given using the analytic hierarchy process, and the comprehensive evaluation index was constructed by the weighted comprehensive method, and the flood disaster evaluation model was established. The flood risk zoning of Wuchengxiyu Region was implemented by means of Geographic Information System spatial analysis methods. The results showed that the high-risk areas in Wuchengxiyu Region are mainly distributed in Liangxi District, Binhu District, Xishan District of Wuxi City, Zhonglou District, Tianning District, and Xinbei District of Changzhou City, and Jiangyin City. The high-risk area in Wuxi City is highly exposed due to its low terrain. The high-risk area in Changzhou City is highly vulnerable due to the high density of population, buildings and roads. And the high-risk area in Jiangyin City is located in the high-risk area of disaster-causing factors due to its abundant rainfall.

Health risk study of cadmium, chromium, lead and arsenic in reservoir water of Changzhou, China

Accurately assessing the health risks of human exposure to heavy metals via water is of great importance for performing targeted health risk prevention measures. To better understand the concentration characteristics and potential harm to human health of cadmium, chromium, lead and arsenic in the main drinking water-type reservoirs of Changzhou city, we collected samples from the Haidi Reservoir, Dongjin Reservoir, Xinfushan Reservoir, Maodong Reservoir and Xiangyang Reservoir of Changzhou in the summer of 2019. The results showed that the daily average comprehensive exposure level of metals was much lower than the provisional tolerated daily intake (PTDI), i.e., Cd: 1 µg kg−1 d−1; Cr: 3 µg kg−1 d−1; Pb: 3.57 µg kg−1 d−1; and As: 2.14 µg kg−1 d−1. The comprehensive non-carcinogenic risk levels of four metals under water-drinking exposure and water-skin exposure routes ranged from 4.68E − 3 to 1.69E − 1, and the carcinogenic risk ranged from 2.09E − 5 to 7.30E − 5, which were all at acceptable risk levels. Although lead and chromium were present at acceptable health risk levels, they still represented the main pollutants of potential health risk in the local water environment from a non-carcinogenic or carcinogenic perspective, and they should be listed as the primary targets for water environmental risk management.

Characteristics and degradation of organic aerosols from cooking sources based on hourly observations of organic molecular markers in urban environments

Abstract. Molecular markers in organic aerosol (OA) provide specific source information on PM2.5, and the contribution of cooking organic aerosols to OA is significant, especially in urban environments. However, the low time resolution of offline measurements limits the effectiveness when interpreting the tracer data, the diurnal variation in cooking emissions and the oxidation process. In this study, we used online thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (TAG) to measure organic molecular markers in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at an urban site in Changzhou, China. The concentrations of saturated fatty acids (sFAs), unsaturated fatty acids (uFAs) and oxidative decomposition products (ODPs) of unsaturated fatty acids were measured every 2 h to investigate the temporal variations and the oxidative decomposition characteristics of uFAs in urban environments. The average concentration of total fatty acids (TFAs, sum of sFAs and uFAs) was measured to be 105.70±230.28 ng m−3. The average concentration of TFAs in the polluted period (PM2.5≥35 µg m−3) was 147.06 ng m−3, which was 4.2 times higher than that in the clean period (PM2.5<35 µg m−3) and higher than the enhancement of PM2.5 (2.2 times) and organic carbon (OC) (2.0 times) concentrations when comparing the polluted period to the clean period. The mean concentration of cooking aerosol in the polluted period (4.0 µg m−3) was about 5.3 times higher than that in the clean period (0.75 µg m−3), which was similar to the trend of fatty acids. Fatty acids showed a clear diurnal variation. Linoleic acid / stearic acid and oleic acid / stearic acid ratios were significantly higher at dinnertime and closer to the cooking source profile. By performing backward trajectory clustering analysis, under the influence of short-distance air masses from surrounding areas, the concentrations of TFAs and PM2.5 were relatively high, while under the influence of air masses from easterly coastal areas, the oxidation degree of uFAs emitted from local culinary sources was higher. The effective rate constants (kO) for the oxidative degradation of oleic acid were estimated to be 0.08–0.57 h−1, which were lower than kL (the estimated effective rate constants of linoleic acid, 0.16–0.80 h−1). Both kO and kL showed a significant positive correlation with O3, indicating that O3 was the main nighttime oxidant for uFAs in the city of Changzhou. Using fatty acids as tracers, cooking was estimated to contribute an average of 4.6 % to PM2.5 concentrations, increasing to 7.8 % at 20:00 UTC+8 h. Cooking was an important source of OC, contributing 8.1 %, higher than the contribution of PM2.5. This study investigates the variation in the concentrations and oxidative degradation of fatty acids and corresponding oxidation products in ambient air, which can be a guide for the refinement of aerosol source apportionment and provide scientific support for the development of cooking source control policies.

Influences of Urbanization on an Afternoon Heavy Rainfall Event over the Yangtze River Delta Region

Abstract An afternoon heavy rainfall event occurred over coastal Nantong, an area of 70–100 km downstream from the Shanghai–Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou city belt over the Yangtze River Delta, under the influences of weak southwesterly monsoonal flows and lake/sea breezes on 26 July 2018. An observational analysis shows the emergence of pronounced urban heat island (UHI) effects along the city belt during the late morning hours. A series of nested-grid cloud-permitting model simulations with the finest grid spacing of 1 km are performed to examine the impacts of urbanization on convection initiation (CI) and the subsequent heavy rainfall event. Results reveal the generation of lake breezes and warm anomalies in the planetary boundary layer along the city belt and low-level convergence, thereby inducing upward motion for CI. The southwesterly flows of the monsoonal warm–moist air, enhanced by the UHI effects along the city belt, allow the development of convective cells along the city belt, some of which merge with convective clusters during their downstream propagation, and the ultimate generation of several distinct heavy rainfall centers by local convective clusters over coastal Nantong where atmospheric columns are more moist and potentially unstable under the influences of sea breezes. Sensitivity simulations show small contribution of Nantong’s UHI effects to the heavy rainfall event. The above findings help elucidate how the UHI effects could assist the CI in a weak-gradient environment, and explain why urbanization can contribute to increased downwind mean and extreme precipitation under the influences of favorable regional forcing conditions. Significance Statement The urban heat island (UHI) effects tend to produce more rainfall on its downwind side than that on the other sides, but alone could hardly account for the generation of heavy rainfall. This study examines the influences of the UHI effects associated with a city belt over the Yangtze River Delta on generating an afternoon heavy rainfall event over coastal Nantong that is 70–100 km downwind from the city belt. Results show (i) the downwind advection of the UHI effects; (ii) the initiation of convective storms along the city belt, and their subsequent downstream propagation, leading to the generation of heavy rainfall over Nantong; and (iii) an important role of sea breezes in generating the heavy rainfall event.

Study on the influence of industrial structure optimization on water environment and economy: A case study of Changzhou city

Economic development and large amounts of industrial production have led to environmental deterioration. The assessment and prediction of water environment capacity (WEC) are crucial supports for water quality target management. Therefore, this study aims to improve WEC via changes in the industrial structure and to analyze the economic changes. For this purpose, the economic efficiency (EE), water use efficiency (WUE), and water treatment efficiency (WTE) are estimated by the EE–SBM (slack-based measure)–DEA (data envelopment analysis) model. Based on the proposed model, the industry is divided into three types: green enterprises, yellow enterprises, and red enterprises. Yellow enterprises and red enterprises are the major supervision subjects, and the spatial distribution of different environmental risks is identified. The WECs of the main canals are analyzed based on dynamic changes in the industrial structure by integrating the 0-D and MIKE11 models. The results showed that after adjusting the industrial structure, the maximum added values of the WEC of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N), and total phosphorus (TP) are 1,744.66 t/a, 536.14 t/a, 24.81 t/a, and 4.16 t/a, respectively. The results show that the canals (R40, R41, R20, R19, and R17) are overloaded with pollutants and indicate that TN is included as a water environment quality assessment target. Furthermore, after the optimization of the industrial structure, the loss of industrial output value is 174.44 million yuan, and the added value of the environmental economy is 232.12 million yuan. The findings provide important technical support for achieving industrial upgrading and sustainable development.

Analysis of water source contributions and their impacts on hydrological structural connectivity in plain urban river network areas based on stable isotopes (δ2H, δ18O)

AbstractWater sources carry chemicals that can have a significant impact on the water environment of a river network, and understanding the contribution of different water sources to the river network can help to manage the pollution of the river network at its source. The hydrological connectivity of a river network affects the self‐purification capacity and flood prevention capacity of the river. Therefore, an isotope tracer approach was applied to determine the contribution rate of different water bodies to a river network and hydrological connectivity was quantified by introducing the retention rate. Changzhou city was selected as the study area because it is an urbanized city with the characteristics of a plain river network and it is faced with poor hydrological connectivity due to artificial constructions (dams and pumps) and human activity (urbanization). River water, well water (shallow groundwater), lake water and rainfall were collected during the flood season and nonflood season, and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes were determined. The temporal and spatial variations in hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different water bodies and the state of the water cycle in different water bodies were analysed. IsoSource and MixSIAR models were established to analyse the contribution rate of river network water sources in the study area, and their effectiveness was compared. The results of the MixSIAR model were selected to evaluate the hydrological connectivity of the river network in the study area, providing a method to quantify the hydrological connectivity of specific rivers of the river network in Changzhou city. This method could also be applied to other urban plain river network areas to study river connectivity.

Surveillance of Aedes populations in Jiangsu Province in 2020

To investigate the seasonal Aedes population fluctuation and the resistance of Aedes populations to common insecticides in Jiangsu Province in 2020, so as to provide insights into vector-borne infectious diseases control. One village was randomly sampled from each of Xinbei District of Changzhou City and Zhangjiagang County of Suzhou City in southern Jiangsu Province, Hai'an County of Nantong City and Yandu District of Yancheng City in Central Jiangsu Province, and Suining County of Xuzhou City and Sihong County of Suqian City in northern Jiangsu Province during the period between May and October, 2020. A small ponding container was sampled, and larval Aedes mosquitoes were collected using straws once each in early and late stages of each month. All larvae were bred in laboratory to adults for population identification. In addition, larval breeding were observed in all small ponding containers in and out of 30 households that were randomly sampled from six surveillance sites, and the larval mosquito density was estimated using Breteau index. Larval A. albopictus mosquitoes were sampled around Cuiyuan New Village in Jintan District of Changzhou City, and bred in laboratory to the first offspring generation, and the susceptibility of adult female mosquitoes to deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, and propoxur was tested using the filter-paper bioassay recommended by WHO. A total of 1 165 larval Aedes mosquitoes were captured from small ponding containers in six surveillance sites of Jiangsu Province in 2020, and all were identified as A. albopictus following eclosion. The largest number of Aedes larvae captured was found in July. A total of 1 152 households were investigated in six surveillance sites, and the mean Breteau indexes were 9.58, 13.20, 13.71, 13.20, 12.18 and 5.58 from May to October, respectively, while a high Aedes transmission risk was seen in Xinbei District of Changzhou City, with a higher Breteau index than in Suining (H = 23.667, Padjusted = 0.001) and Sihong (H = 22.500, Padjusted = 0.003) counties. The field-captured A. albopictus from Cuiyuan New Village in Jintan District of Changzhou City remained sensitive to malathion, but was resistant to propoxur, and developed high-level resistance to deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin. A. albopictus was present in southern, central and northern Jiangsu Province in 2020, and the larval density peaked in July. A. albopictus captured from Cuiyuan New Village in Jintan District of Changzhou City has developed high-level resistance to pyrethroid pesticides.

A longitudinal functional connectivity comprehensive index for multi-sluice flood control system in plain urban river networks

• Dynamic quantification of hydrological function connectivity in complex river network is solved. • A new quantitative indicator of longitudinal functional connectivity is established. • The Longitudinal Functional Connectivity Comprehensive Index of Changzhou city is obtained. In the process of urbanization development, human activities have a great impact on rivers because of social and economic demands, which directly or indirectly lead to changes in the structure and function of river networks, thus making hydrological patterns tend to be chaotic and ecological environment deteriorates. In order to clarify the hydrological connectivity change mechanism of plain urban river network, the main urban area of Changzhou was taken as the study area, the Longitudinal Functional Connectivity Comprehensive Index (LFCCI) was defined. The results of temporal and spatial variation analysis of LFCCI in the study area showed that the average LFCCI in the main urban area was 1.34. Among them, the average LFCCI in flood season (May to August) were higher than those in non-flood season, the maximum and minimum values of LFCCI were 1.7 (May) and 0.63 (December) respectively, indicating that the scheduling of stations in flood season was more complex. Meanwhile, the average LFCCI of Jiuli station was the highest (2.95) and Wujin station was the lowest (0.30). However, further analysis showed that Weicun, Zaogang and Xiaohe sluices were important stations that affect the LFCCI in the study area. The evaluation method solved the problem of hydrological connectivity evaluation under the background of complex dispatching rules, and it provided important technical support for river network connection project and water environment improvement.

An MT-InSAR Data Partition Strategy for Sentinel-1A/B TOPS Data

The Sentinel-1A/B satellite launched by European Space Agency (ESA) in 2014 provides a huge amount of free Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans (TOPS) data with global coverage to the public. The TOPS data have a frame width of 250 km and have been widely used in surface deformation monitoring. However, traditional Multi-Temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (MT-InSAR) methods require large computer memory and time when processing full resolution data with large width and long strips. In addition, they hardly correct atmospheric delays and orbital errors accurately over a large area. In order to solve these problems, this study proposes a data partition strategy based on MT-InSAR methods. We first process the partitioned images over a large area by traditional MT-InSAR method, then stitch the deformation results into a complete deformation result by correcting the offsets of adjacent partitioned images. This strategy is validated in a flat urban area (Changzhou City in Jiangsu province, China), and a mountainous region (Qijiang in Chongqing City, China). Compared with traditional MT-InSAR methods, the precision of the results obtained by the new strategy is improved by about 5% for Changzhou city and about 15% for Qijiang because of its advantage in atmospheric delay correction. Furthermore, the proposed strategy needs much less memory and time than traditional methods. The total time needed by the traditional method is about 20 h, and by the proposed method, is about 8.7 h, when the number of parallel processing is 5 in the Changzhou city case. The time will be further reduced when the number of parallel processes increases.

Analysis of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes of Pregnant Women with Syphilis and Maternal-Infant Serological Association in Changzhou, China, 2015-2019.

Background Although the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis program in China has achieved national coverage for 7 years, controversy still exists regarding the treatment of syphilis and the serological significance of syphilis. Objective To explore the occurrence and influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women with syphilis in Changzhou from 2015-2019 and to further analyze the impact of syphilis serologic titers on perinatal outcomes and neonatal serologic outcomes. Methods Syphilis-infected pregnant women reported in Changzhou City from 2015 to 2019 were selected as the study population (data were obtained from the “China Information System for Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of AIDS, Syphilis and Hepatitis B.” Demographic characteristics, laboratory tests, and medication were collected to describe adverse pregnancy outcomes and the distribution of non-pale leptospiral antibody titers during pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing adverse pregnancy outcomes. We also compared differences in syphilis titers among mothers who received different interventions, differences in serologic outcomes of their children, and correlations between them. Results For mothers with syphilis infection, we found no treatment during pregnancy (OR =1.70) and an initial titer greater than 1 : 8 (OR =2.28) to be risk factors. For treated pregnant women, increasing age (OR =1.08), lack of standardized treatment (OR =1.87), and initial titer greater than 1 : 8 (OR =1.69) were risk factors, while previous parity was a protective factor (OR =0.62). For untreated pregnant women, marital status (OR =2.40) and initial titers greater than 1 : 8 (OR =3.57) were risk factors. There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) in serologic titer changes, time to antibody regression, and time to exclusion of syphilis infection in children of pregnant women with syphilis infection after receiving different interventions during pregnancy, but different time distributions of interventions had no effect on these three indicators. Conclusion Pregnant women with syphilis should actively cooperate with their doctors in the standardized treatment of pregnancy, and doctors should also pay more attention to pregnant women with syphilis whose initial titers are greater than 1 : 8. High-quality prenatal care is a key component in interrupting mother-to-child transmission of syphilis and preventing various adverse pregnancy outcomes. The adaptation of standardized treatment protocols for pregnant women with syphilis in China is a strong proof of the progress of precision medicine.

Impact of external influence on unilateral improvements in the graph model for conflict resolution

A novel method is presented to model and analyze the influence exerted by external stakeholders within the graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR) framework. The unilateral improvement possibility is constructed in order to measure the impact of external influence on unilateral improvement. The unilateral improvements by decision makers (DMs) in the traditional GMCR are modified by the unilateral improvement possibility. Four stability concepts—Nash stability, general metarationality, symmetric metarationality, and sequential stability—are defined under the structure of unilateral improvement based on possibility. Finally, the new method is applied to a real-world conflict over brownfield remediation at the Changzhou Foreign Languages School located in the City of Changzhou, Province of Jiangsu, China, to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method developed.

Technical Investigation on the Application of Ultrafiltration Membrane Process in the Upgrading and Reconstruction Project of Urban Sewage Plant

In recent years, for environmental quality requirements of our country continue to increase, the effluent quality of urban sewage treatment plants has improved correspondingly. A sewage treatment plants in Zhonglou District, Changzhou City originally used the traditional AAO treatment process, complying with the first level B standard of “Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant”(GB18918-2002). However, according to the newest requirements of discharge standard, this sewage plant needs to be upgraded, improving to the first level a standard. The main measures include transforming the former treatment process into a two-stage A/O process (A-O-A-O), which focuses on nitrogen removal to strengthen the nitrogen removal capacity; adding a ultrafiltration membrane system to increase the removal rate of effluent SS and the refractory organic matter. After the completion of the upgrading project, the sewage treatment plant has been operating stably for 12 months. The effluent quality is stable and up to standards, meeting the design standards. This example of transformation can provide a technical reference for the transforming and upgrading projects of other sewage treatment plants, which share the same type of tight land use.

Optimization of urban ecological spatial structure based on network analysis: A case study of Changzhou City, China

The rapid development of economy and society leads to the rapid expansion of cities, resulting in the atrophy of urban ecological space and the decline of ecological function, as well as a serious threat to urban ecological security. It is of great significance for the sustainable development of a city to systematically analyze the structure of urban ecological space and put forward targeted protection and optimization measures. Taking Changzhou City as the research area and considering the natural ecological function and social service function of urban ecological space, we constructed two ecological networks, the "source-corridor" ecological network based on natural ecology and the "supply-demand" ecological network based on human ecology. For the "source-corridor" ecological network, quantitative analysis was mainly carried out from the importance of nodes, network connectivity and stability. For the "supply-demand" ecological network, quantitative analysis was mainly carried out from the importance of nodes, supply-demand equilibrium and stability. The results showed that the levels of connectivity and stability of the "source-corridor" ecological network in the main urban area of Changzhou were not high, the stability level of the "supply-demand" ecological network was general, and there was spatial mismatch between service supply and demands. From the perspective of connectivity and stability improvement, an optimization scheme of "source-corridor" ecological network with 12 additional source nodes and 57 corridors was proposed. From the perspective of supply-demand balance and stability improvement, an optimization scheme of "supply-demand" ecological network with 22 new supply nodes was proposed. Compared with the original "source-corridor" ecological network, the connectivity level of the optimized network was improved by 10%, and the network stability was improved by 0.05. Compared with the initial "supply-demand" ecological network, the service level of the optimized network was improved by 4%, and the network stability was improved by 0.10. Finally, we integrated the two ecological networks, and formulated the implementation plan of protection and management for both the current protected patches and the new ecological nodes.

Short-term efficacy of furmonertinib in treatment of NSCLC patients with EGFR exon20 insertion.

e21063 Background: EGFR is a key driver gene of lung cancer, in which exon 20 insertion (Ex20ins) mutation accounts for about 1-5%. However, the first- and second-generation EGFR-TKI had poor efficacy on patients with Ex20ins mutation (ORR = 6.9%, mPFS = 1.9 months, mOS = 12.9 months, DCR = 44.8%). Our study retrospectively observed the short-term efficacy and safety of furmonertinib in Chinese NSCLC patients with EGFR Ex20ins mutation. Methods: The study retrospectively collected 15 NSCLC patients with EGFR Ex20ins mutant who were treated in two medical institutions in Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province from April 2021 to December 2021. All patients received targeted therapy with furmonertinib. The last follow-up time was December 30, 2021. All patients received 160 mg furmonertinib orally until disease progression, drug intolerance, patient refusal or death. EGFR Ex20ins mutation was confirmed by ARMS or next generation sequencing (NGS). The patient's gender, age, score of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), smoking history, pathological type, tumor stage, gene status and other basic clinical characteristics and adverse events (AES) were collected. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to RECIST version 1.1, and the adverse events were evaluated according to the NCI-CTCAE version 5.0. SPSS 25.0 software was used to record and analyze the data. Results: All 15 patients had received ≥2 lines of therapy. The median age was 62 (25-80) years old, and there were 8 male patients (53.3%). Most patients had no smoking history (13 cases, 86.7%). ECOG score was mostly 1 (13 cases, 86.7%). In 15 patients, we found 10 different EGFR Ex20ins variants, among which p.A767_V769dup (n = 3) and p.A767_V769dup (n = 4) were more common. By the end of follow-up, 15 patients had completed at least one efficacy evaluation, and all had different degrees of tumor regression. No patient reached CR, 8 patients had PR and 7 patients had SD. This preliminary efficacy data showed that the overall ORR was 53.5% and DCR was 100%. No grade 3 or above adverse events were observed. The 3-months PFS rate was 100%. Conclusions: The results of this study in ≥2 lines patients treated with twice the conventional dose had a good curative effect (compared with 3 times of conventional dosage in FAVOUR study), which provided more treatment options for NSCLC patients in multiple lines of treatment and could alleviate part of their economic pressure, but the PFS and OS data still need further follow-up and verification of a larger sample size. The overall findings suggested that furmonertinib is a third generation EGFR-TKI with good efficacy and acceptable safety. Given the heterogeneity of EGFR Ex20ins mutation, the efficacy of targeted therapy may vary in different mutation types and requires further investigation.

Does High Spatial Density Imply High Population Density? Spatial Mechanism of Population Density Distribution Based on Population–Space Imbalance

Numerous studies have suggested a positive correlation between spatial and population densities. However, few have systematically conducted quantitative analysis and deciphered the detailed correlation in block scale. Here, we construct a population–space correlation algorithm to quantify and compare the correlation between mobile phone signalling data and vector spatial data and identify blocks with uneven population density. We analyse the influences of various urban spatial characteristics on population density and the distribution characteristics of the identified city blocks. Changzhou City, China, was selected as the study case. The results indicate that (1) population density distribution is unbalanced only when spatial density exceeds a critical value, reflecting the level and sphere of influence of blocks with varying spatial densities; (2) low population density distribution is concentrated in the zonal space, along the boundary between primary and secondary urban centres; (3) spatial characteristics affecting population density distribution vary with the type of block, and the green landscape’s attractiveness is reduced. Our study provides a novel perspective on quantifying the link between urban form and population distribution. It can help decision-makers and planners in accurately recommending urban intervention in population density distribution by adjusting the spatial morphology and promoting rational use of urban public resources.

Cross-sensor domain adaptation for high spatial resolution urban land-cover mapping: From airborne to spaceborne imagery

Urban land-cover information is essential for resource allocation and sustainable urban development. Recently, deep learning algorithms have shown promising results in land-cover mapping with high spatial resolution (HSR) imagery. However, the limitation of the annotation and the divergence of the multi-sensor images always challenge the transferability of deep learning, thus hindering city-level or national-level mapping. In this paper, we propose a scheme to leverage small-scale airborne images with labels (source) for unlabeled large-scale spaceborne image (target) classification. Considering the sensor characteristics, a Cross-Sensor Land-cOVEr framework, called LoveCS, is introduced to address the difficulties of the spatial resolution inconsistency and spectral differences. As for the structural design, cross-sensor normalization is proposed to automatically learn sensor-specific normalization weights, thereby narrowing the spectral differences hierarchically. Furthermore, a dense multi-scale decoder is proposed to effectively fuse the multi-scale features from different sensors. As for the model optimization, self-training domain adaptation is adopted, and multi-scale pseudo-labeling is proposed to reduce the scale divergence brought by the spatial resolution inconsistency. The effectiveness of LoveCS was tested on data from the three cities of Nanjing, Changzhou, and Wuhan in China. The comprehensive results all show that LoveCS is superior to the existing domain adaptation methods in cross-sensor tasks, and has good generalizability. Compared with the existing land-cover products, the obtained results have the highest accuracy and spatial resolution (1.0m). Overall, LoveCS provides a new perspective for large-scale land-cover mapping based on limited HSR images.

Effects of Nutrient Levels on Microbial Diversity in Sediments of a Eutrophic Shallow Lake

Microorganisms can both indicate the water quality characteristics and the health of the aquatic environment, which have an important influence on the cycling of organic carbon, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in nature. In this study, we took Taihu Lake, a typical eutrophic lake in China, as the research object, and monitored the northern (Changzhou City) and southern (Changxing County) regions of Taihu Lake for three consecutive years (2019–2021), respectively. We also analyzed the microbial diversity in sediments, and then summarized the effects of different nutrient environments on microorganisms in the aquatic environment. The results showed that the pollution level in the northern part of Taihu Lake was higher than that in the southern region of Taihu Lake, where the pollution was mainly in summer (June–July). The pollution in the southern region of Taihu Lake is relatively stable between 2019 and 2021; the changes in the northern part of Taihu Lake are relatively significant. Microbial diversity in the study area was negatively correlated with the degree of eutrophication of water bodies; microbial abundance was positively correlated with nutrient levels. The functional difference analysis indicated that the microorganisms in the sediments of Taihu Lake in the study area were involved in the nutrient transport and transformation, and played an important role in the purification of the lake water body. This study reveals the relationship between water eutrophication and microbial diversity, and then provides a theoretical basis for the management of eutrophic lakes.

Automatic Positioning of Street Objects Based on Self-Adaptive Constrained Line of Bearing from Street-View Images

In order to realize the management of various street objects in smart cities and smart transportation, it is very important to determine their geolocation. Current positioning methods of street-view images based on mobile mapping systems (MMSs) mainly rely on depth data or image feature matching. However, auxiliary data increase the cost of data acquisition, and image features are difficult to apply to MMS data with low overlap. A positioning method based on threshold-constrained line of bearing (LOB) overcomes the above problems, but threshold selection depends on specific data and scenes and is not universal. In this paper, we propose the idea of divide–conquer based on the positioning method of LOB. The area to be calculated is adaptively divided by the driving trajectory of the MMS, which constrains the effective range of LOB and reduces the unnecessary calculation cost. This method achieves reasonable screening of the positioning results within range without introducing other auxiliary data, which improves the computing efficiency and the geographic positioning accuracy. Yincun town, Changzhou City, China, was used as the experimental area, and pole-like objects were used as research objects to test the proposed method. The results show that the 6104 pole-like objects obtained through object detection realized by deep learning are mapped as LOBs, and high-precision geographic positioning of pole-like objects is realized through region division and self-adaptive constraints (recall rate, 93%; accuracy rate, 96%). Compared with the existing positioning methods based on LOB, the positioning accuracy of the proposed method is higher, and the threshold value is self-adaptive to various road scenes.

Simulating spatiotemporal dynamics of urban underground space development using multi-agent system: A case study in Changzhou City, China

The development of urban underground space (UUS) serves to promote the intensive use of land resources, overcome the shortage of space resources, and achieve sustainable urban development. Since UUS development is a dynamic and complex process involving diverse stakeholders, investigating its operating mechanisms and predicting its trajectory is crucial to achieve sustainable urban development. This study used a multi-agent system modeling method to build a UUS development decision-making model for exploring the interactions between different stakeholders and their adaptive decision-making behaviors. The model allows the dynamic UUS development process to be presented spatially, considering the spatiotemporal changes in environmental, economic, and social factors. The actual status and three future scenarios of UUS development were simulated and analyzed for the Yanling business district of Changzhou City, China. The simulation results show that the model can effectively describe, interpret, and predict the dynamic spatiotemporal process of UUS development, thereby providing theoretical reference and decision-making support for UUS planning and policymaking.

Cognitive Factors of Weight Management During Pregnancy Among Chinese Women: A Study Applying Protective Motivation Theory.

This study aimed to explore the psychological cognitive factors of weight management during pregnancy based on protective motivation theory (PMT). Cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. A sample of 533 pregnant women was enrolled in the study. Measures was a self-design questionnaire, comprising of demographics, cognition of weight management during pregnancy, and weight management behavior during pregnancy. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the weight management's cognitive factors, path relationships, and the influence of maternal characteristics. Self-efficacy cognition could promote gestational weight management behavior (b = .22, P < .001), but response cost cognition hindered gestational weight management (b = -.21, P < .001). Parity moderated pregnant women's self-efficacy cognition (diff b = .24, P < .01), where the self-efficacy of nullipara promoted weight management behaviors, but the self-efficacy of multipara had no significant effect. Also, the response cost factors stably existed in primipara and multipara groups, with multipara, being positively affected by response efficacy (b = .15, P < .05). Findings highlight the need for psychological and cognitive interventions. Intervention strategies that focus on enabling women to correctly understand response cost and make an active response, improve self-efficacy cognition especially among primipara, and strengthening multipara's response efficacy among pregnant are required.