Chamomile Research Articles

The effect of chamomile on menstruation pattern and serum androgens in polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with menstrual disorders and hyperandrogenism, which is considered to be a common cause of hirsutism and infertility. Chamomile has been used as a medicinal herb known for its menstrual property. This study aimed to investigate the effect of chamomile on the menstruation pattern and serum androgens in PCOS women. This study was a randomized clinical trial, conducted on 80 women during their reproductive age with PCOS from April 2014 to August 2015. They were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a chamomile capsule (containing 370 mg dried powder of German chamomile flower) three times a day for 12 weeks, while the control group received placebo (starch-based capsules) with the same prescription order. Menstrual questionnaires as well as the androgens of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone were examined before and after 3 months. The primary outcome in the chamomile capsules user group, the number of participants with normal menstrual cycles significantly increased (p<0.001). In addition, a significant improvement in the number of menstrual cycles after the chamomile therapy was observed. A significant decrease was observed in testosterone levels in the intervention group. However, there was no significant change in the level of hormone dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in both intervention and control groups (P = 0.423). Chamomile can have a significant impact on menstrual regulation and decrease the total testosterone levels in women of reproductive age with polycystic ovary syndrome. It is recommended that careful, large randomized controlled trials should be conducted to understand the mechanisms of action of chamomile and its effects on menstruation process.

Can Plant Materials Be Valuable in the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases? Practical Review.

Periodontal diseases are one of the most significant challenges in dental health. It is estimated that only a few percent of the worldwide population have entirely healthy teeth, and according to WHO, oral diseases may affect up to 3.5 billion people worldwide. One of the most serious oral diseases is periodontitis, an inflammatory disease affecting periodontal tissues, caused by pathogenic bacteria and environmental factors such as the ageing population, abuse of tobacco products, and lack of adequate oral hygiene due low public awareness. Plant materials are widely and successfully used in the management of many conditions, including periodontitis. Plant materials for periodontitis exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and affect the periodontium structure. Numerous studies demonstrate the advantages of phytotherapy for periodontitis relief and indicate the usefulness of Baikal skullcap root, Pomegranate fruit peel and root cortex, Tea leaves, Chamomile flowers, Magnolia bark, Blackberry leaves and fruits, Cranberry fruits and Lippia sidoides essential oil. This review aims to analyze the use and applicability of selected plant materials in periodontitis management since it is of paramount importance to evaluate the evidence of the traditionally used plant materials in light of continuously growing interest in phytotherapy and its adjuvant role in the treatment of periodontitis.

Вивчення якості лікарської рослинної сировини щодо термінів зберігання

Goal. To study the quality indicators of medicinal plant raw materials, to highlight the main stages and methods of extending the shelf life. Methods. The study was conducted using general laboratory methods specified in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, which are used to determine the quality of medicinal plant raw materials; analytical — to analyze and justify the results; mathematical and statistical — to assess the reliability of research results. Results. The analysis of 100 samples of air-dried raw materials of 5 species of medicinal plants grown at the Research Station of Medicinal Plants of the Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management of NAAS was carried out. The quality of thyme (Herba Thymi vulgaris), chamomile flowers (Flores Chamomillae recutita), marshmallow herb (Herba Althaéa officinális), plantain leaves (Folia Plantago major), and marigold flowers (Flores Calendula officinalis) was studied. Conclusions. Based on the obtained results, they recommend reviewing the current regulatory requirements for the shelf life of raw materials of the studied medicinal crops. Ensuring optimal conditions will extend the life of quality by slowing down physiological processes at a minimal cost of energy and material resources.

Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of carbofuran in herbs on chromatographic sorbent modified electrode

• Novel carbon-containing modified electrode was developed for carbofuran determination. • Carbon ink containing chromatographic sorbent, polyethylene glycol, and iron acetylacetonate was used. • The practical applicability of the novel electrode was verified on determination of carbofuran in herbs. The determination of carbofuran (CBF) in herbs (wild chamomile and Saint-John's-wort) was developed using a carbon-containing electrode (CCE) modified with carbon ink (CI) containing chromatographic sorbent (CS) based on chromaton (Ch), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and iron acetylacetonate (Fe(AA) 3 ). The surface morphology of the Ch/PEG/Fe(AA) 3 /CI/CCE was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in backscattered-electron (BSE) mode and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrochemically inactive CBF was converted to an electrochemically active phenolic analogue CBFP by an alkaline hydrolysis. The electrochemical behavior of CBFP at Ch/PEG/Fe(AA) 3 /CI/CCE was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 6.86 in the potential range from −0.4 to 1.2 V. Under the optimal experimental conditions, linear concentration dependences in the concentration range from 0.25 to 10 µmol·L −1 were obtained by linear scan voltammetry in the first derivative mode (LSVFD) with limit of detection ( LOD ) 0.08 µmol·L −1 . The proposed Ch/PEG/Fe(AA) 3 /CI/CCE demonstrated good sensitivity and selectivity for the determination of CBF after its conversion to CBFP. The use of sorbents as modifying agents of electrodes for the determination of carbamate pesticides opens up the possibilities for “green” electroanalytical chemistry.

Comparative study of wild chamomile plants from the north-west of Morocco: Bioactive components and total antioxidant activity

Morocco presents numerous plants due its localization between the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean and the variability of its mountainous terrain, with a rich range of medicinal plants. Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Oberpr. & Vogt and Matricaria chamomilla L., two Asteraceae (Compositae) from Beni Hassane region in north-western Morocco are both used in traditional medicine for the treatment of different ailments. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of both species were determined by using the Folin Ciocalteu and the aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity of their aqueous and organic compounds was performed applying the robust and widely used method ABTS radical scavenging assay. C. mixtus had a higher phenolic content (115.25 mg GAE g -1 DW) than M. chamomilla (82.99 mg GAE g-1 DW). However, flavonoid content of both plants was very close (33.53 and 32.45 mg QE g-1 DW in M. chamomilla and C. mixtus, respectively). The total phenolic and flavonoid content was high in flowers of both plants. Generally, for all the studied organs of the chosen plants, hydrophilic antioxidant activity was significantly higher than the lipophilic antioxidant activity. The correlation results show that these bioactive components in both plants are the main factor influencing the antioxidant activity. Key words: Cladanthus mixtus, Matricaria chamomilla, Asteraceae, phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant activity.

Clinical-pharmacological aspects of the choice of phytocomponents for the regulation of the gastrointestinal function

The presentations of dyspepsia include a range of clinical symptoms, each of which has different mechanisms of development, and, therefore, requires different approaches to the correction. In this context, the combination preparations containing components of natural origin with polymodal action on the gastrointestinal tract deserve special attention. Combination of synergistic components: highly bioavailable curcumin and prebiotic fibers; artichoke leaf extract and chamomile flower extract provide simultaneous effects on three key digestive organs: stomach, pancreas and liver. Curcumin has an anti-inflammatory effect, helps to normalize acidity and restore microflora; epithelialization of ulcers; normalization of the gallbladder function; elimination of toxins. It inhibits the processes of primary tumour formation and prevents the development of metastatic processes in gastrointestinal cancer. Pharmaceutical technologies using cyclodextrin as an excipient increase curcumin’s water solubility, dispersibility and absorption, which has been confirmed in several comparative bioavailability studies in healthy volunteers. Chamomile flower extract has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antiulcer, wound healing and astringent effects. Chamomile is rich in slimy substances that envelop and protect the inflamed mucous membrane, including the stomach, from irritation with hydrochloric acid, bile components, food, and drugs. Mucous substances also have an anti-inflammatory effect and improve digestion. The artichoke facilitates the outflow of bile, affects the secretion of gastric glands, pancreas, increases the enzymatic activity of gastric juice, enhances intestinal motility during its atony, and has a hepatoprotective effect. As can be seen from the above, a combination of these synergistic components can be used in patients with chronic diseases, functional disorders as part of combination therapy, as well as for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in healthy people.

Colorimetric Assay for Copper Ion Based on Silver Nanoparticles Functionalized with 1,3-Dimethyl Benzotriazolium Iodide

Measuring the heavy metals in environmental and food samples to evaluate the decontamination of toxic pollutants in the environment is vital for human health. In the current project, a new colorimetric method based on the aggregation of 1,3-dimethyl benzotriazolium iodide (BTAIL) stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for detection of copper (Cu2+) ion was developed. Aggregation of AgNPs induced by coordinative coupling between Cu2+ and triazole ring of BTAIL. Cu2+ AgNPs aggregates with a color change from yellow to red and a decrease in UV-vis absorption peak at 400 nm. Under the optimized experimental conditions (pH=9, reaction time= 3 min, BTAIL volume= 600 µL (0.01 M)) a linear range of 20-100 nM was obtained. Good selectivity and sensitivity toward Cu2+ among the other ions were observed. Finally, real sample results such as green tea, Rosa damascene, Chamaemelum nobile, and Thymus vulgaris indicated that the proposed method could apply precisely for practical applications.

Combined atomic-scale/DFT-theoretical simulations & electrochemical assessments of the chamomile flower extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution

This investigation parallels the others hoping to address the environmental predicaments. Dealing with the corrosion progression of steel, being in battle with a harsh condition (HCl), using the novel Chamomile flower extract (CFe) could embody the advantageous lies in the green molecules of plants. The morphological influences of this plant extract were studied by exploiting the power of FE-SEM, EDAX, AFM, and contact angle examinations. Results were demonstrative of the surface smoothness increment after CFe inclusion into the medium; smoothing the surface as well as lowering the iron dissolution. Besides, the surface was characterized via GIXRD as well as Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the adsorption of the inhibitor was examined through UV–Vis analysis. The existence of functional groups like C = O and C = C, the reduction of iron dissolution, and the graphene-like compounds' existence confirmation on the metal surface, all subsequent to CFe loading, were the outcome of these assessments. The EIS and potentiodynamic polarization (PP) tests were performed. The outcome showed that the CFe could inhibit the corrosion proliferation substantially especially when the steel was exposed to 600 ppm solution for 8 h; a 98% inhibition efficiency was obtained. The calculations exhibited the CFe mixed inhibitive characteristic and Langmuir was the adsorption isotherm strategy of the studied inhibitor. Finally, the study was further expanded into the theoretical point of view in which the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the surface was confirmed; in agreement with the experimental outcome.

A randomized, open-label, multicentre, comparative study of therapeutic efficacy, safety, and tolerability of BNO 1030 extract, containing marshmallow root, chamomile flowers, horsetail herb, walnut leaves, yarrow herb, oak bark, dandelion herb, in the treatment of mild forms of COVID-19

BackgroundCOVID19 is a high burden for medicine and society as still no specific therapy exists. Most patients depend on symptomatic treatment, comparable to the symptomatic treatment in common respiratory infection e.g., Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen. Many cases of COVID19 show mild forms without need of hospitalization. In this randomized, open-label, multicentre, comparative trial we analysed the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the herbal medicinal product BNO 1030 in mild cases of COVID-19 to offer an additional symptomatic relive.MethodsThe study was designed as an open label randomized, prospective, multicentred clinical trial. Out of 133 screened outpatients aged 18 to 70 with mild COVID-19 symptoms 120 patients were randomised (1:1) in 2 parallel groups. The main group received BNO 1030 in addition to symptomatic therapy (acetaminophen or ibuprofen). The control group got a symptomatic therapy only. The patients with laboratory proven COVID 19 were included for the final analyses: 47 – in the main group and 46 – in the control one. The evaluation criteria were dynamics of the symptoms: hyperthermia, myalgia, nasal congestion, nasal discharge, coughing, anosmia, rhinolalia, sore throat, duration of the use of antipyretics (clinically significant fever). These symptoms were assessed during the physician’s visit on a 4-point scale (0 — absent, 1 — insignificant, 2 — moderate, 3 — strong/pronounced) and self- assessed via ten-point visual analogue scale (VAS) daily in a patient’s diary. The primary endpoint was the decrease of the average score compared to the baseline defined as “therapeutic benefit” from the usage of BNO 1030.ResultsIn the comparison of both groups over the treatment time, the main group (n = 47) showed a greater decrease in the severity of symptoms of fever, myalgia, nasal congestion, coughing, anosmia and rhinolalia, assessed by the doctor on a 4-point scale on V2 (4th day) and V3 (14th day) compared to those on V1, as well as a reduction of the antipyretics intake duration (p < 0.05). Significant differences of the main group were obtained, too, based on the results of symptoms self-assessment by the patient. The “therapeutic benefit from the use of BNO 1030 was 3 days. There is an increase in the number of recovered patients from 73.9–96.6 % according to the average symptom score, and a decrease in the number of hospitalized patients from 8.6–4.4 % in the main group., as compared to the data of the control group (p < 0.05). All patients tolerated the herbal medicine well, with no adverse drug reactions being reported.ConclusionsBNO 1030 (Imupret®) offers a safe and effective treatment benefit in patients with mild forms of diagnosed COVID-19 aged 18–70 in addition to symptomatic treatment with acetaminophen or NSAIDs. COVID 19 positive patients treated with Imupret showed an earlier relive of symptoms when being treated with BNO 1030.Trial registrationThis trial was registered in ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT04797936.

ВЛИЯНИЕ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ГИНГИВИТА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ЖЕВАТЕЛЬНОГО ФИТОСУБСТРАТА У ЖЕНЩИН С ОТЕКАМИ, ВЫЗВАННЫМИ БЕРЕМЕННОСТЬЮ, НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ПРОВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЦИТОКИНОВ В РОТОВОЙ ЖИДКОСТИ

Introduction. Edema of pregnant women is a pathological condition in the second half of pregnancy, in which disorders of the functions of vital organs are noted and an exacerbation of chronic and sluggish inflammatory diseases occurs. Inflammatory periodontal disease and dental caries increase especially in the third trimester, and are most pronounced in complicated pregnancies. Changes in the cytokine profile in the mixed saliva of pregnant women reflect the state of local immunity and tissues of the oral cavity and indicate the participation of immunocompetent cells of the placenta and fetus in the response to the inflammatory process. Purpose: to characterize the effect of complex treatment of gingivitis with the use of a chewing phytosubstrate in women with edema caused by pregnancy on the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in the oral fluid. Materials and methods: the level of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in the oral fluid was determined before and after complex treatment of gingivitis with the inclusion of a chewing phytosubstrate in women with edema caused by pregnancy. Conclusion: Inclusion in the complex treatment of gingivitis in women with edema caused by pregnancy, a chewable phytosubstrate containing 0.1 g of dry matter extract (oak bark, alder stems, birch buds, chamomile flowers, thyme grass) and 1.0 g beeswax, has a pronounced therapeutic effect, reducing the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the oral fluid, which reflects the suppression of the inflammatory process.

The Effect of Walking Exercise and Consumption of Steeping Chamomile Flowers (Matricaria recutita) on Depression in the Elderly in Langsa City

BACKGROUND: The population of the elderly is increasing rapidly in almost every part of the world. A common problem faced by the elderly is prolonged depression. One of the practical and economic efforts to reduce depression is by walking and consuming chamomile flowers. AIM: The aim of this study is to analyzing the effect of walking exercise and consumption of chamomile (Matricaria recutita) flower infusion on depression in the elderly in Langsa City. METHODS: We used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. This research was conducted from September to December 2020 in Karang Anyar Village, Langsa City. The population in this study were all elderly who met the inclusion criteria. The sample was selected as many as 24 elderly. The sample size of the study was calculated using the formula for the sample size for experimental research from Federer, namely (t–1) (r–1) ≥15). Data collection techniques in this study were interviews and observations using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) questionnaire instrument, which was carried out twice, namely at the time before treatment and after treatment in four groups, namely, the control group, the walking exercise group, the chamomile flower consumption group and the combination group of walking and exercise. Consume chamomile flowers. Data analysis used paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance test to see the effect of the intervention on depression. RESULTS: This study’s results indicate that walking can significantly reduce the GDS depression score with a p-value of 0.025. This study indicates that consumption of chamomile Flower can significantly reduce the GDS score of the elderly with a p-value of 0.037. This study showed that the combination of walking and consumption of chamomile tea was able to significantly reduce the GDS depression score with a p-value of 0.017. When viewed from the p-value, this treatment group showed the most significant reduction in the GDS depression score than the other two treatment groups, namely walking and consumption of chamomile tea. In the walking exercise group, the chamomile flowers were the consumption treatment group combined treatment group walking and chamomile tea consumption. All three treatments had the same ability to reduce the GDS score, as evidenced by a p-value of 0.808 (p &gt; 0.05). CONCLUSION: Walking exercise and consumption of chamomile tea can significantly reduce the GDS score of the elderly in Langsa City.

Chamomile as a potential remedy for obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Obesity is an increasing health concern related to many metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. Many studies suggest that herbal products can be useful dietary supplements for weight management due to the presence of numerous biologically active compounds, including antioxidant polyphenols that can counteract obesity-related oxidative stress. In this review we focus on Matricaria chamomilla, commonly known as chamomile, and one of the most popular medicinal plants in the world. Thanks to a high content of phenolic compounds and essential oils, preparations from chamomile flowers demonstrate a number of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and sedative actions as well as improving gastrointestinal function. Several recent studies have shown certain positive effects of chamomile preparations in the prevention of obesity and complications of diabetes. These effects were associated with modulation of signaling pathways involving the AMP-activated protein kinase, NF-κB, Nrf2 and PPARγ transcription factors. However, the potential of chamomile in the management of obesity seems to be underestimated. This review summarizes current data on the use of chamomile and its individual components (apigenin, luteolin, essential oils) to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders in cell and animal models and in human studies. Special attention is paid to molecular mechanisms that can be involved in the anti-obesity effects of chamomile preparations. Limitation of chamomile usage is also analyzed.

Chamomile flower extract ameliorates biochemical and histological kidney dysfunction associated with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder in females of childbearing age and research findings have revealed a potential association between PCOS and renal dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate renal dysfunction that might be associated with PCOS in rats and to evaluate the potential protective effect of chamomile against PCOS complicated by kidney damage. A rat model of PCOS was induced by injecting estradiol valerate (0.2mg/rat×2) into adult virgin female rats. Rats were treated with either ethyl alcohol extract of chamomile flower (75mg/kg/day) or metformin (Met) (500mg/kg/day). Induction of PCOS was associated with increased relative right kidney weight percentage and increased serum levels of urea, lipid peroxide product, and testosterone. PCOS was also associated with increased p53 expression in kidney glomeruli and medullary tubules with decreased Bcl2 expression in kidney glomeruli. Administration of chamomile extract significantly decreased levels of serum urea, testosterone, and lipid peroxide product, and p53 expression in kidney glomeruli and tubules. The extract significantly increased levels of antioxidant markers levels (reduced glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2. Conversely, administration of Met did not improve serum levels of urea. Met also exerted no pronounced effect on p53 gene expression. The results of this study highlight the importanceofmonitoringkidney function in patients with PCOS and investigating the associated underlying mechanism. Chamomile extract was found to ameliorate kidney damage associated with PCOS through antioxidant, testosterone-lowering, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.

Ecophysiological, anatomical, and apigenin changes due to uptake and accumulation of cadmium in Matricaria chamomilla L. flowers in hydroponics.

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most important heavy metals in the environment which has several effects on the morphology, physiology, and anatomy of plants. It is a mobile heavy metal that can be transferred easily into plants, thus entering into the human food chain. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) as an important medicinal plant can uptake and accumulate Cd in its root and aerial organs. In this research, the effects of different concentrations of Cd (90, 180, and 360 μM) were investigated on the growth parameters, anatomical features, and enzymatic antioxidant activities in flowers of chamomile after 7 days of exposure. The content of apigenin, a flavone compound mostly synthesizing in chamomile flowers, was also analyzed after 72 h from Cd treatment. The results showed that all concentrations of Cd reduced the length and biomass of roots and shoots, the diameter of flowers, as well as the number of pollen grains in tubular florets, while increased trichome density on the florets. Cd-treated plants showed an increase in antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POX) activities. After 7 days of treatment to Cd major concentration, flowers accumulated Cd and enhanced the apigenin production with the increase of Cd contamination in hydroponic solution. This increase of apigenin is most likely due to its antioxidant and sequestering property as a resistance response to Cd excess.

Half-dried fish with improved properties

A study of consumer preferences for dried and half-dried fish products among respondents regularly visiting large retail sites in the city of Murmansk was conducted. It was found that more than two-thirds of respondents prefer to purchase high-quality dried and half-dried fish products; the weight of the purchased package of this product does not have a significant value. Sensory evaluation of extracts of 16 phytoproducts was carried out and the following highest-scoring ones were selected: chamomile flowers; golden mustache; linden flowers and sand immortelle flowers. Experiments of salting Atlantic salmon fillets and cod fillets in a weak saline solution with phytoextract for 12-96 hours were carried out; the ratio of fish, saline solution and aqueous extract of phytoproducts were 1:1:0.01. The most acceptable duration of weak finished salting is established not to be exceeding 48 hours. Experiments on drying the semi-finished product were carried out to establish the quality characteristics and the maximum duration of dehydration of the dried and half-dried fish product. Studies of the dehydrated product carried out every 4 hours by the sensory evaluations, the content and activity of water Aw established the most acceptable drying time, not exceeding 36 hours. Studies of dried fish products were carried out every 20 days according to organoleptic, chemical and microbiological parameters during the 80-day storage period. An acceptable storage period (shelf life) at the temperature of 0 - minus 5 ? of dried and half-dried vacuumed fish has been established to be of two months. Based on the results of the experiments, the technical specifications and technological instructions for the production of a new type of dried and half-dried formed fish with improved properties were developed.

Wild Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L) from the Taounate Province, Morocco: Extraction and Valorisation of the Antibacterial Activity of its Essential Oils

a peer-reviewed, open access online international journal which publishes original research papers. The journal welcomes submission from scholars and experts for possible publication from all over the world. The scope of the journal includes: Pharmaceutical research, chemistry and biochemistry of naturally occurring compounds, biological evaluation of crude extracts, ethnomedicine, traditional and complementary medicine, ethnopharmacology, biomedical research, Biotechnology, Evaluation of natural substances of land and sea and of plants, microbes and animals, pharmacognosy, bioavailability, clinical, pharmacological, toxicological studies and pharmacokinetics of phytochemicals, Isolation and characterization of compounds, structure elucidation, synthesis and experimental biosynthesis of natural Product as well as developments of methods in these areas are welcomed in the journal.

Study on Antioxidant Activity of Anthemis nobilis Extract in Liquid

The chamomile Anthemis nobilis dried flowers was selected as experimental material, and the active ingredients of Anthemis nobilis were extracted with water to determine the ability to remove DPPH and study the antioxidant capacity of Anthemis nobilis aqueous extracts. Single factor variable method, orthogonal experimental method and response surface method were used to select the optimum time, temperature and material/liquid ratio of chamomile. It achieves the maximum DPPH clearance. The experimental results showed that the time was 140 min. Temperature is set to 30°C; when the ratio of feed to liquid was set at 1:20, the DPPH clearance rate of the effective components in Anthemis nobilis water immersion solution reached a maximum of 96.79%.

Seizures and Phytotherapy: The Most Important Medicinal Plants Used for Seizures in Children and Adults in Iranian Ethnobotanical Documents

Due to the relatively high prevalence of seizures (8%), the cases of prescribing these drugs are very high and usually have many side effects, so in this review study, the use of medicinal plants in different regions of Iran in ethnobotanical documents was extracted and reported. In this study, for this purpose, keywords such as convulsion (seizure), medicinal plants, ethnobotany, identification of medicinal plants, region and Iran were performed. Databases such as ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ISC, Magiran and Google Scholar were used to review articles and resources. Based on the results, Anthemis nobilis L., Leonurus cardiac L., Lotus corniculatus L., Hyoscyamus niger L., Salvia spp., Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. &amp; Hausskn., Nigella sativa L., Anethum graveolens L., Papaver fugax Poir., Lotus corniculatus L., Verbascum thapsus L., Ferula assa-foetida L., Ferula gumosa Boiss., Heracleum persicum Desf.ex Fischer., Angelica archangelica L., Vicia faba L., Verbascum pseudonobile Stoj &amp; Stef., Melissa officinalis L., Teucrium polium L., Datura stramonium L., Hymenocrater spp. and Melissa officinalis L., are medicinal plants that are used in different parts of Iran to treat seizures. The data collected in this study were analyzed using Microsoft Excel program. According to the results, the plants of this study belong to 11 plant families. The aerial part with 32% is the most plant part used for seizures. Also, most of the medicinal plants used to treat seizures were related to the northern region of Khuzestan. Ethnobotanical knowledge can provide pure ideas for modern pharmacological knowledge and lead to the production of effective natural anticonvulsant drugs.

Topical issues in the treatment of chronic tonsillitis

The article is devoted to the problem of chronic tonsillitis. The widespread prevalence of the disease, as well as the high risk of complications from vital organs, make this problem especially urgent. The article describes in detail the factors contributing to the formation of a focus of chronic inflammation in the amygdala. Special attention is paid to the microbiological aspects of the inflammatory process, anatomical, topographic and physiological features of the tonsils, as well as their immune function. The histological changes that form against the background of a long-term chronic inflammatory process in the tonsils are described. Changes in the parenchyma of the amygdala during inflammation can be expressed both by hyperplasia and by involution of follicles with the formation of infiltrates and the subsequent development of abscesses. In the final stages of an active inflammatory process, connective tissue grows, replacing lymphoid tissue. In the paratonsillar tissue and the capsule of the amygdala, an overgrowth of connective tissue is also observed, which is accompanied by the formation of nested infiltrates around small vessels, most pronounced at the upper pole of the amygdala. According to this classification, two clinical forms of chemotherapy are distinguished: simple and toxic-allergic of two degrees of severity. Further, in accordance with this classification, the basic principles of treatment are presented. Then the features of conservative therapy and the benefits of the herbal preparation are described. The composition of this drug includes marshmallow root, chamomile flowers, horsetail herb, walnut leaves, yarrow herb, oak bark and dandelion herb. The results of several clinical trials of the drug indicate its positive effect on the dynamics of both clinical and microbiological, immunological parameters in patients with chronic tonsillitis. All this allows us to recommend wider inclusion of this combined herbal medicinal product in the complex of treatment of chronic tonsillitis.

Fabrication of dual layered biocompatible herbal biopatch from biological waste for skin - tissue regenerative applications

A dual layered herbal biopolymeric patch (biopatch) with enhanced wound healing efficiency and skin mimicking functions was fabricated for skin-tissue regenerative applications. In this study, hoof keratin (KE) extracted from biological waste and gelatin (GE) was employed for KE-GE biosheet fabrication using a simple casting method. Further, the top layer of the fabricated KE-GE biosheet was coated with bioactive Matricaria recutita (Chamomile flower) extract (CH) with gelatin through an electrospraying method. The optimized dual layered herbal biopatch (KE-GE/GE-CH) exhibits strong physiochemical (FTIR, XRD TG-DTA), mechanical (tensile strength) and biological (in vitro and in vivo) studies. Moreover, the morphology (SEM) of soft mimetic biopatch possesses excellent cell-material interaction and cell proliferation which accelerates the wound healing process. Biopatch demonstrates a proven degradation profile with good swelling features to achieve more than 80% herbal drug release in 96 h. Antimicrobial properties also reveal the potential activity of biopatch against bacterial microbes. In addition, in vitro cell viability using NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell lines and in vivo investigations revealed that the biopatch is non-cytotoxic, increases collagen deposition and shows rapid reepithelialization at the wound site as a potential wound dressing. We anticipated that the biological hoof keratin and bioactive herbal extract coated biopatch could serve as a desirable wound dressing candidate to suit various skin tissue regenerative applications.