Chamber Model Research Articles

Роль просоциальной идентичности и предубеждений в готовности помогать пострадавшим от домашнего насилия

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective. </strong>Analysis of the relationships between prosocial identity, ambivalent prejudice, self-efficacy, and anger in intentions to participate in collective action to help women and men suffered from domestic violence.<br><strong>Background. </strong>Since the decriminalisation of domestic violence in Russia in 2017, researchers have noted various strategies to de-problematize domestic violence in Russian media and public opinion polls indicate the low willingness of Russians to help domestic violence survivors. A study of predictors of willingness to participate in collective action to help domestic violence survivors will help to clarify psychological mechanisms and barriers to the realisation of the prosocial potential of Russians, as well as develop recommendations for social campaigns aimed at helping violence survivors. <br><strong>Study design. </strong>Theoretical framework of the current study was Dual Chamber Model of Collective Action (modification of Social Identity Model of Collective Action). The study examined the relationship between prosocial (politicized) identity (i.e. identification with helping groups), ambivalent prejudice towards women and men, self-efficacy to change a situation, anger and the intentions to participate in various forms of collective action to help women and men suffered from domestic violence. Direct and indirect associations were tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). <br><strong>Participants.</strong> Two Russian samples. <em>N<sub>1</sub> </em>(intentions to help women) = 323 (54,8% females, 45,2% males) from 18 to 78 years old (<em>M </em>= 36,63; <em>SD </em>= 12,15), <em>N<sub>2</sub></em> (intentions to help men) = 267 (53,2% females, 46,8% males) from 18 to 64 years old (<em>M </em>= 35,46; <em>SD </em>= 10,32). <br><strong>Measurements.</strong> Adapted to Russian scales of the in-group identification developed by C. Leach, the ambivalent sexism and ambivalence towards men inventories by P. Glick and S. Fiske, questions measuring self-efficacy to change situation, anger, and intentions to participate in various forms of collective action to help women and men suffered from domestic violence, adapted from European Social Survey. <br><strong>Results. </strong>Prosocial identity makes a significant positive contribution to the intentions to help women and men suffered from DV, both directly and indirectly through self-efficacy (to help both women and men suffered from DV) and anger (to help men suffered from DV). Hostile sexism and benevolent attitudes (both towards women and men) directly undermine the willingness to engage in certain forms of prosocial collective action.<br><strong>Conclusions. </strong>There are significant associations between prosocial identity, self-efficacy, anger towards the situation of survivors, ambivalent prejudice and willingness to participate in various forms of collective action to help women and men suffered from domestic violence.</p>

Population pharmacokinetics of bedaquiline: a systematic review.

Bedaquiline (BDQ) plays a critical role in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). However, the large pharmacokinetic (PK) variability of BDQ presents a significant challenge in its clinical use. This study aimed to summarize the population PK characteristics of BDQ and to identify significant covariates affecting the PK variation of BDQ. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from their inception to October 1, 2023. Population pharmacokinetics (PPK) studies on BDQ were searched and identified in this review. The PK characteristics of included studies and the significant covariates were systematically summarized. Eight studies conducted in adults and one in children and adolescents were included in this review. A three disposition compartments with dynamic absorption transport chamber model was the commonly used structural model for BDQ. Body weight, race, albumin, and concomitant medication were significant covariates affecting BDQ PK variation. With the increase of weight and albumin levels, the clearance (CL) of BDQ was gradually increased. The average CL value per body weight in children was 1.49-fold higher than that in adults. Black race patients had an 84% higher CL than other populations. Moreover, combined with rifampicin and rifapentine, BDQ had 378% and 296% higher clearance rates, respectively. Body weight, race, albumin level, and concomitant medication may be important factors affecting patients' exposure differences. Further PPK studies of BDQ are needed to facilitate optimal dosing regimens.

A Heart Chamber Model Using a Capacitance Function Combined With the Navier–Stokes Equations

A Heart Chamber Model Using a Capacitance Function Combined With the Navier–Stokes Equations

Determination of the beam quality correction factor for the PTW Semiflex 3D ionization chamber for the reference dosimetry at ZAP-X.

The self-shielding radiosurgery system ZAP-X consists of a 3 MV linear accelerator and eight round collimators. For this system, it is a common practice to perform the reference dosimetry using the largest 25mm diameter collimator at a source-to-axis distance (SAD) of 45cm with the PTW Semiflex3D chamber placed at a measurement depth of 7mm in water. Existing dosimetry protocols do not provide correction for these measurement conditions. Therefore, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to quantify the associated beam quality correction factor . The of the Semiflex3D chamber was computed from the ratio of the absorbed doses in a water voxel and in the sensitive air volume of the chamber simulated using a 60Co spectrum as the calibration beam quality (Qref) and the spectrum of the ZAP-X 3 MV photon beam (Qmsr). was computed as a function of measurement depth from 4 to 50mm. Furthermore, detailed simulations were performed to determine the individual chamber's perturbation correction factors by modifying the chamber's model step-wise. All perturbation correction factors, except Sw,air ⋅Pfl, show depth-dependent behavior up to a depth of 15mm. In particular, the volume-averaging Pvol and density Pdens perturbation correction factors and, consequently, the resulting gradient perturbation correction factor Pgr=Pvol∙Pdens increase with decreasing measurement depth. Therefore, is larger than unity, amounting to at 7mm measurement depth. At larger depths(>15mm), the can be considered as constant. At small measurement depths, was found to be depth-dependent with values larger than unity due to the gradient-related perturbation factors. Therefore, the uncertainty related to the chamber's positioning can be reduced by performing the reference dosimetry at ZAP-X at depths larger than 15mm, where can be regarded as depth independent.

Investigating the impact of the effective point of measurement for plane-parallel ionization chambers in clinical proton beams

Objective.To investigate the impact of the positioning of plane-parallel ionization chambers in proton beams on the calculation of the chamber-specific factorfQand, hence, the beam quality correction factorkQ,Q0.Approach.Monte Carlo simulations were performed to calculate the chamber-specific factorfQin monoenergetic proton beams for six different plane-parallel ionization chambers while positioning the chambers with a) their reference point and b) their effective point of measurement accounting for the water equivalent thickness of the entrance window.Main results.For all ionization chamber models investigated in this study, the difference infQbetween both positioning approaches was larger for steeper dose gradients and bigger differences between the geometrical thickness and water-equivalent thickness of the entrance window. The largest effect was 1.2% for the IBA PPC-05 ionization chamber at an energy of 60 MeV.Significance.The positioning of plane-parallel ionization chambers in proton beams has a systematic impact on thefQfactor. This is especially of relevance for thekQ,Q0factors presented in the recently updated TRS-398 code of practice (CoP) from IAEA. The background is that a positioning with the effective point of measurement is prescribed in TRS-398 CoP, however, all Monte Carlo derived data that have been employed for the update are based on a positioning of the ionization chambers with their reference point. Hence, the updatedkQ,Q0factors for plane-parallel ionization chambers in proton beams are subject to systematic errors that can be as large as 0.5%.

Numerical simulation and analysis of combustion chamber model design to investigate the effects of number of inlet and concentration of oxidizer mixture on combustion characteristics

In this research it is found that number of inlets had a significant impact on combustion characteristics specifically emission of CO and unburned hydrocarbons. After the selection of number of inlets MILD investigation had been done on the effect of concentration (γ) of CO2/O2 on the combustion characteristics. It is found that by increasing the number of inlets decrease the emission level and unburned hydro carbon in outlets. For concentration of oxidizer, we find a value between 0.80-0.85 will be efficient for combustion due to minimum emission levels and unburned hydrocarbons. The research has been carried out in Ansys CFD fluent-> Energico 18.2-> Chemkin->. The model for reaction solves in energico and chemkin to generate results for unburned hydrocarbons and emission of CO.

Magnetic field quality conversion factors experimentally measured in clinical MR-linac beams for seven MR-compatible ionization chamber models.

The purpose of this work was to experimentally quantify MR-compatible ionization chamber response for 1.5T Elekta Unity and 0.35T ViewRay MRIdian MR-linac systems through the determination of the magnetic field quality conversion factor, kB,Q. Seven MR-compatible ionization chamber models from Standard Imaging and PTW were evaluated. Both the quality conversion factor kQ and the magnetic field quality conversion factor kB,Q were experimentally determined through a cross-calibration method. Specifically, the ratio of absorbed dose measured with a reference A1SL chamber under reference conditions to corrected output measured with each test chamber at the same point of measurement allowed for the determination of kB,Q. The angular dependence of the magnetic field quality conversion factor for MR-compatible chamber models was assessed for the 1.5T Elekta Unity system by measuring kB,Q with the chamber axis and magnetic field direction aligned at cardinal angles (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°). Beam quality conversion (kQ) factors for MR-compatible ionization chambers measured in a standard linac beam showed an average percent difference of -0.09±0.18% compared to computed kQ values for their conventional chamber versions. Similarly, magnetic field quality conversion (kB,Q) factors for corresponding MR and non-MR ionization chamber models measured using the same cross-calibration technique demonstrated average percent differences of -0.1±0.3% and 0.0±0.2% for the Elekta Unity and ViewRay MRIdian, respectively. Investigation of the angular dependence of this correction factor demonstrated identical chamber response for equivalent MR-compatible and conventional chamber models. This work provides critical experimental validation of MR-compatible ionization chamber performance, with a direct comparison of measured kB,Q values to corresponding conventional chamber models demonstrating nearly equivalent chamber response. kB,Q values determined using our experimental method will serve as an important reference for upcoming MR-linac reference dosimetry protocols and ultimately represent an important step towards accurate output calibration of MR-linac systems.

Performance Analysis of a Water-Injected Twin-Screw Compressor in a High-Temperature R718 Heat Pump

Abstract High-temperature heat pumps with twin-screw compressors and water (R718) as the working fluid show promising potential for providing industrial heat and process steam at temperature levels of up to 200 °C. This paper presents a simulation approach for a two-layered simulation structure of a water-based high-temperature heat pump system including a twin-screw compressor with water-injection. The heat pump process with two-phase steam compression is investigated with respect to various aspects. In addition to controlling the compressor outlet temperature, the evaporation of the injected liquid leads to an increase in the displaced mass flow rate on the sink side of the heat pump. This effect is analyzed in detail for various system operating points using a thermodynamic simulation framework for the R718-based heat pump cycle and a comprehensive compressor model. The main target of the presented paper is the analysis of system performance and the detailed investigation of the interdependencies. Performance of the twin-screw compressor is determined by means of two-phase chamber model simulations. In the chamber model method thermodynamic properties of both injected liquid and steam are calculated based on the conservation equations of mass and energy for the compression process. Adequate sub-models for internal leakage and heat and mass transfer between vapor and liquid phase are applied. Integral results of the compressor simulations are embedded in the heat pump system simulation using a characteristic map. In conclusion, this paper contributes to the understanding of advanced compression technologies in the field of high-temperature heat pumps, offering a detailed examination of a water-injected steam compressor’s applicability and efficiency in a practical system setting.

Combined Rotor Rack Generation for Twin Screw Vacuum Pump Rotor Profile Design

Abstract Rotor profile design is a critical factor influencing the efficiency and functionality of twin screw vacuum pumps. This paper delves into a specific aspect of rotor profile design using the rack generation method. The paper utilises an algorithm of rack generation tailored specifically to twin screw vacuum pump applications. The utilization of straight lines to form the rack ensures the generation of involute profiles on the rotors. Additionally, rack-generated rotors are typically easier to manufacture. Geometrical parameters, such as displacement and meshing line length across three rack generated rotor profiles are explored. Furthermore, chamber modelling is employed for the development of rotor profiles, augmenting the efficacy and reliability of the rack generation process. By focusing on rack generation, this paper offers valuable insights into rotor profile design, contributing to a deeper understanding of the methodologies driving innovation in twin screw vacuum pump technology.

Study on the dynamic characteristics of the revolver cannon under high-speed impact

Abstract Aiming at the problems of discontinuous mechanism action, excessive energy consumption and poor matching with the chainless feeding system under the harsh working conditions of high-speed strong impact, a certain revolver cannon has the problems of discontinuous mechanism action, excessive energy consumption and poor matching with the chainless feeding system. In order to further study the dynamic characteristics of the gas-operated revolver cannon under high-speed impact load, solve the matching problem between the revolver cannon and the chainless feeding system, and improve the firing rate of the revolver cannon, based on the principle of the revolver cannon, the multi-body dynamics and gas dynamics theory are used to couple the thermomechanical coupling calculation model of the revolver cannon gas chamber and the transmission efficiency and impact numerical calculation method between the key parts into the ADAMS dynamic simulation model, and the dynamic analysis and calculation of the whole cannon of the revolver cannon are carried out. The motion characteristic curves of the key parts of the revolver cannon are obtained by simulation, the motion matching between the key parts is analyzed, and the simulation results are verified by experiments. The results show that the error of the motion characteristic parameters such as the active slide displacement and the gun box recoil displacement obtained by simulation and experiment is very small, which verifies the correctness of the calculation model. The simulation calculation method can provide technical support for the matching research between the revolver cannon and the chainless feeding system and the design and structural optimization of the revolver cannon.

Influence of fluid properties and model parameters with regard to stratified gas-liquid gap flows

Abstract In rotary positive displacement machines - like twin-screw compressors - clearance flows have a big impact on the quality of the energy conversion. To partially seal the gap connections and thereby reduce internal losses, an auxiliary fluid, e.g. oil, is often injected into these machines. If a chamber model method is used to simulate the thermodynamic operating behavior of such a wet-running twin-screw machine, two-phase mass flow rates through the gaps must be calculated as accurately as possible in order to achieve a high simulation accuracy. This paper presents an extended model for simulating such two-phase gap flows. The model allows the simulation of a gap flow, taking into account the possible outgassing of a gas (e.g. refrigerant) from a liquid phase (e.g. oil) along the gap. The model is used to analyse the influence of various fluid properties (e.g. solubility, density, viscosity) or boundary conditions (e.g. pressure ratio, quality at the inlet of the gap) in relation to the simulated gap mass flow rate.

4-Dimensional Cardiac Modelling of Multi-phase Computed Tomography for Predicting Outcomes Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Multi-phase Computed Tomography Angiography (mpCTA) is routinely performed prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) to determine eligibility and enable pre-procedural planning. Incremental prognostic value may be realized from full-cycle, multi-phase reconstructions to assess the contractile health of cardiac chambers. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of 4D chamber modelling of the left ventricle (LV) to support 3D minimum principal strain (3DminPS) based predictions of clinical outcomes following TAVR. Two hundred and five patients undergoing pre-TAVR mpCTA were studied. UNet-based 3D chamber segmentation was followed by mesh modelling and 3D feature tracking-based deformation to determine global 3DminPS for endocardial, epicardial and transmural layers. Independent associations of 3DminPS with the primary outcome of heart failure hospitalization or death were described. Of 205 patients, 196 (96%) had analyzable mpCTAs (median age 85 years; 55% male; STS-PROM score 3.10; and echocardiographic LV ejection fraction 60.0%). At a median of 25 months following TAVR, 55 patients (28%) experienced the primary outcome. Following adjustment for baseline variables, patients with an endocardial 3DminPS amplitude worse than -23.7% experienced a 2.7-fold higher risk of the outcome (aHR (95% CI) 2.7 (1.4-5.1), p=0.001), this high-risk cohort experiencing 1-year and 3-year event rates of 32% and 49%, respectively. 4D chamber modelling of mpCTA using UNet-based segmentation and standardized mesh deformation is feasible and enables the delivery of 3D deformation markers with strong prognostic value for the prediction of outcomes following TAVR. Prospective validation in a multi-center setting is currently being executed.

Investigation of Pressure Pulsation and Vibration of the Internally Geared Screw Compressor

Abstract The Internally Geared Screw Machine (IGSM) is a relatively novel and promising type of positive displacement compressor concept that takes inspiration from classic gerotor pumps. The IGSM uses two rotors rotating in the same direction about parallel axes while maintaining continuous contact between both rotors which isolates several working chambers. By using ported end plate, the IGSM can determine the timing of the fluid entering and exiting the working chamber. There are several key advantages to the IGSM over traditional twin-screw compressors including reduction of the rotor to casting leakage, elimination of the blow hole area, reduction in sliding velocity at the point of contact, and a uniform circumferential rotor temperature profile. Although there is some research regarding the geometric profiling and chamber modeling of this type of machine, there is no research currently available on the pressure pulsation and vibration characteristics of the IGSM. The purpose of this paper is to provide an initial look into the pressure pulsation and vibration characteristics of the IGSM and how they differ from that of a traditional twin-screw machine. By explicating the key differences between the IGSM and the industry standard twin-screw compressor, this paper aims to better understand an important yet underdeveloped area of IGSM design.

Magma Chamber Response to Ice Unloading: Applications to Volcanism in the West Antarctic Rift System.

Volcanic activity has been shown to affect Earth's climate in a myriad of ways. One such example is that eruptions proximate to surface ice will promote ice melting. In turn, the crustal unloading associated with melting an ice sheet affects the internal dynamics of the underlying magma plumbing system. Geochronologic data from the Andes over the last two glacial cycles suggest that glaciation and volcanism may interact via a positive feedback loop. At present, accurate sea-level predictions hinge on our ability to forecast the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and thus require consideration of two-way subglacial volcano-deglaciation processes. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is particularly vulnerable to collapse, yet its position atop an active volcanic rift is seldom considered. Ice unloading deepens the zone of melting and alters the crustal stress field, impacting conditions for dike initiation, propagation, and arrest. However, the consequences for internal magma chamber dynamics and long-term eruption behavior remain elusive. Given that unloading-triggered volcanism in West Antarctica may contribute to the uncertainty of ice loss projections, we adapt a previously published thermomechanical magma chamber model and simulate a shrinking ice load through a prescribed lithostatic pressure decrease. We investigate the impacts of varying unloading scenarios on magma volatile partitioning and eruptive trajectory. Considering the removal of km-thick ice sheets, we demonstrate that the rate of unloading influences the cumulative mass erupted and consequently the heat released into the ice. These findings provide fundamental insights into the complex volcano-ice interactions in West Antarctica and other subglacial volcanic settings.

Source vs sink limitations on tree growth: from physiological mechanisms to evolutionary constraints and terrestrial carbon cycle implications.

The potential for widespread sink-limited plant growth has received increasing attention in the literature in the past few years. Despite recent evidence for sink limitations to plant growth, there are reasons to be cautious about a sink-limited world view. First, source-limited vegetation models do a reasonable job at capturing geographic patterns in plant productivity and responses to resource limitations. Second, from an evolutionary perspective, it is nonadaptive for plants to invest in increasing carbon assimilation if growth is primarily sink-limited. In this review, we synthesize the potential evidence for and underlying physiology of sink limitation across terrestrial ecosystems and contrast mechanisms of sink limitation with those of source-limited productivity. We highlight evolutionary restrictions on the magnitude of sink limitation at the organismal level. We also detail where mechanisms regulating sink limitation at the organismal and ecosystem scale (e.g. the terrestrial carbon sink) diverge. Although we find that there is currently no direct evidence for widespread organismal sink limitation, we propose a series of follow-up growth chamber manipulations, systematized measurements, and modeling experiments targeted at diagnosing nonadaptive buildup of excess nonstructural carbohydrates that will help illuminate the prevalence and magnitude of organismal sink limitation.

Characterization of the response of a well chamber to different models of Ir-192 sources for HDR brachytherapy

The determination of the reference air kerma rate (KR) with well chambers calibrated using a different model of source than desired can lead to significant errors, affecting both radiological traceability institutions and healthcare facilities. This study employs the methodology proposed by SHIPLEY et al. (2015) with the PTW T33005 well chamber model and six models of HDR brachytherapy sources (microSelectron v.1; microSelectron v.2; Flexisource; GammaMed Plus; BEBIG GI192M11; Varisource VS2000) to derive correction factors for source geometry (KSG). These factors adjust the chamber calibration factor for air kerma (NK) to the source model under measurement. The methodology relies on simulating the chamber response to sources using the Monte Carlo Method (MC), specifically utilizing the MCNPX code. Both the source and well chamber models were validated by comparing dosimetric parameters from TG-43 and simulated calibration factors (MCNK) with literature-derived reference values. The normalized KSG values, relative to the microSelectron v.1 source, agree with reference values, demonstrating the methodology's applicability across various chamber models, sources, and MC codes. The corrections ranged from 0.984 to 1.001, with the most significant correction observed for the Varisource VS2000 source, yielding KSG = 0.984, corresponding to a -1.6% correction.

Optically accessible, 3D-printed flow chamber with integrated sensors for the monitoring of oral multispecies biofilm growth in vitro.

The formation of pathogenic multispecies biofilms in the human oral cavity can lead to implant-associated infections, which may ultimately result in implant failure. These infections are neither easily detected nor readily treated. Due to high complexity of oral biofilms, detailed mechanisms of the bacterial dysbiotic shift are not yet even fully understood. In order to study oral biofilms in more detail and develop prevention strategies to fight implant-associated infections, in vitro biofilm models are sorely needed. In this study, we adapted an in vitro biofilm flow chamber model to include miniaturized transparent 3D-printed flow chambers with integrated optical pH sensors - thereby enabling the microscopic evaluation of biofilm growth as well as the monitoring of acidification in close proximity. Two different 3D printing materials were initially characterized with respect to their biocompatibility and surface topography. The functionality of the optically accessible miniaturized flow chambers was then tested using five-species biofilms (featuring the species Streptococcus oralis, Veillonella dispar, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis) and compared to biofilm growth on titanium specimens in the established flow chamber model. As confirmed by live/dead staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization via confocal laser scanning microscopy, the flow chamber setup proved to be suitable for growing reproducible oral biofilms under flow conditions while continuously monitoring biofilm pH. Therefore, the system is suitable for future research use with respect to biofilm dysbiosis and also has great potential for further parallelization and adaptation to achieve higher throughput as well as include additional optical sensors or sample materials.

Study on solid powder fuel transport characteristics and mixing degree in scramjet combustor

Abstract The powder scramjet engine is considered the best engine for hypersonic weapons because of its advantages of easy adjustment, flame stability, and high efficiency. However, due to the extremely short residence time of particle fuel in the combustion chamber under high Mach conditions, there is a risk of fuel mixing. Based on the existing combustion chamber models of scramjet engines, this paper proposes a new solid fuel blending enhancement structure by combining shock generator structure and transverse jet and compares the performance and mass transfer characteristics of different shock generators. The CFD method is used to solve the RANS formula to simulate the particle transfer process, and the SST k-ω model is used to calculate the complex turbulence. It was found that when the reverse shock generator was used, the mixing degree of solid particles was higher.

The Role of Eye Movements in the Process of Silicone Oil Emulsification After Vitreoretinal Surgery.

Emulsification is a feared and common complication of the use of silicone oil (SO) as tamponade fluid after vitrectomy as it potentially associated with significant risks to ocular health, including elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma, corneal and retinal changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and interplay of physical factors on the formation of SO emulsion. Experiments were performed in a model of the vitreous chamber with a realistic shape, filled with SO and an aqueous solution containing different concentrations of albumin, an endogenous protein known to modify the interfacial properties between SO and aqueous solutions. The model was subjected to harmonic and saccadic rotations and kept at body temperature. Results indicated that no emulsions were detected in the absence of albumin in the aqueous solution, while the presence of the protein facilitated emulsion formation, acting as a surfactant. Mechanical energy from eye movements was also found to be a key mechanism to produce emulsification, with higher mechanical energy provided to the system leading to smaller droplet sizes. The emulsions formed were stable over extended times. This study highlights the complex interplay of factors influencing SO emulsification in the vitreous chamber. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying SO emulsification is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate SO emulsion and the related complications.

Development of software for automated design of three-dimensional models of convective drying chambers

The paper presents the development of software for automating the design process of three-dimensional models of wood stacks intended for drying in convective drying chambers. The created C# program allows the user to set the parameters of the stack, including the number and size of wooden boards to be dried. Based on the entered data, the program generates 3D models of the stacks using macros in SolidWorks, which ensures fast and accurate placement of these models in the three-dimensional space of the drying chamber. Automating this process greatly simplifies the preparatory stages of design and reduces the number of manual operations. Further research involves the use of the developed 3D models to analyze the thermal and hydrodynamic drying processes in the SolidWorks Flow Simulation environment.