Challenging Behaviour Research Articles

Utilizing the CFIR framework for mapping the facilitators and barriers of implementing teachers led school mental health programs - a scoping review.

Ample evidence has been generated regarding the effectiveness of school-based mental health interventions as part of the continuum of care for children and capacity building of teachers to deal with the emotional and behavioral challenges of students. The increasing trend of utilization of teachers as the natural support system of children and the huge financial impact of public health interventions highlights the need to review all available evidence regarding multilevel factors that facilitate or pose a challenge to the provision of School Mental Health Programs (SMHP) using teachers as providers. The current review aims to map extracted evidence under the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) domains to support future implementation research on school-based mental health services. The scoping review included experimental, qualitative studies, and systematic reviews involving teacher-led mental health programs conducted in the school setting to improve the socio-emotional well-being of children and adolescents irrespective of time and geographical limitations. All (published and unpublished) evidence in English from Pubmed, Cochrane database of systematic reviews and clinical trials, Scopus, and Science Direct was searched using keywords and Boolean combinations and extracted using study designs, place of study, year of publication, sample size, and target population. A qualitative analysis of implementation facilitators and barriers cited by the studies was carried out and mapped on CFIR. This review identified barriers and facilitators of implementation across school-based mental health Programs in 29 studies. The major emerging themes were those related to the inner setting of the organization, the process of implementation, and the characteristics of individuals involved in implementation. These included the availability of structural characteristics, positive school culture, organizational readiness, committed leadership, and beliefs of the providers. Findings highlight the need for early assessment of contextual factors acting as barriers and facilitators and careful execution following realistic planning and stakeholders' engagement to ensure the success of SMHP.

Implementing creative dance activities for primary school children to improve health and wellbeing: a qualitative study in the North East England.

Evidence suggests that group arts activities with children build resilience and positive mental wellbeing. However, insufficient attention has been paid to how such activities can be implemented in practice across different contexts, particularly in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. Therefore, we explored the implementation of a dance-based intervention in two primary schools situated in an area of high economic deprivation in North East England. Our study explored Year 1 (age 5-6) and Year 5 (age 9-10) children, their parents, teachers and dance artists' views of a creative dance intervention (South Tees Arts project; STAR) in two schools in North East England, using interviews and focus groups, combined with innovative data capture activities (i.e. movement activities, graffiti walls, songs and Vox Pops). Children felt that STAR contributed positively to their emotional wellbeing and physical health. Teachers noticed improved confidence, engagement, literacy, and social and motor skills and less disruptive behaviour in class. Benefits continued beyond school, with children exercising at home to practice their dance moves. Several implementation barriers were identified ranging from limited time, large classes, dealing with challenging behaviours, the impact of COVID-19, stigma and anxiety. In response to these challenges, several solutions were developed during project delivery, such as artists and children working in pairs and role modelling by teachers and dance artists. We found three underlying mechanisms for successful implementation: (1) constant communication between teachers, dance artists and parents was essential to managing challenging behaviours, building personal relationships with children, and helping parents to get involved and support their children at home. (2) Linking dance activities to the school curriculum (using narratives from existing reading schemes) helped to support skill gaps. (3) A strong ethos of partnership between school, dance and arts providers and researchers ensured the adaptability and flexibility of projects.

A Scoping Review of Outcomes Measured and Involvement of People With Intellectual Disabilities in Active Support Research.

Active Support is a staff practice that aims to increase engagement of people with intellectual disabilities. This study seeks to: (1) identify the outcomes of staff using Active Support and how these are measured; (2) identify how the views of people with intellectual disabilities have been included in Active Support research. A scoping review was conducted of peer-reviewed articles about Active Support published between 2009 and 2023. Sixteen articles were identified. Outcomes included engagement, the quality of staff support, choice and challenging behaviour. Structured observations were the most frequently used measurement method. Only two studies explored people with intellectual disabilities' perspectives about Active Support. Consistent use of similar measures is a strength of Active Support research. Including perspectives of people with intellectual disabilities may provide insight into dimensions of support not been measured and assist in further developing these measures and Active Support practice.

Preprocessing and postprocessing analysis for hot-mix asphalt dynamic modulus experimental data

Dynamic modulus (|E*|) measurements of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures are critical for understanding material behavior but present significant challenges due to the complex testing procedures and precision required. While substantial efforts have focused on developing predictive models for |E*|, the critical role of experimental data preprocessing has been largely overlooked in the existing literature. This study addresses this gap by proposing a novel, comprehensive framework for both preprocessing and post-processing of dynamic modulus data. Leveraging the well-established ASU |E*| database and the NCHRP 1–40D Witczak prediction model as benchmarks, we introduce advanced empirical techniques, including probability distribution analysis, scatter and box plots, correlation coefficients, and mutual information metrics, to refine data quality and enhance the interpretability of predictive models. Our approach reveals new insights into the interaction of various input factors and |E*| values, leading to improved model robustness and reliability. The post-processing techniques further substantiate the predictive power of the Witczak model, yielding significant enhancements in accuracy and reliability. This research pioneers a standardized data preparation methodology that sets a new precedent in asphalt material engineering, offering a robust foundation for future |E*| modeling and analysis.

Teaching delay tolerance to a child with Smith‐Magenis syndrome in a classroom using a simplified approach

AbstractDelay tolerance training is used to teach children to accept delayed access to a requested item or event without exhibiting challenging behaviors. It is used during schedule thinning following acquisition of a functional communication response (FCR) or trained on its own in a skills‐based treatment package. Typically, delay tolerance training occurs in a clinic or hospital, and rarely in a school classroom. Most often delay tolerance training has been used with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study integrated findings from previous research on delay tolerance training to evaluate training in a classroom, with a child with Smith‐Magenis syndrome, using a simplified protocol. The training resulted in acquisition of delay tolerance for 5 min from a baseline of 32 s (average). The participant's teachers were then trained to use similar strategies throughout the school day and quickly acquired and applied the procedure with reported benefits.

A novel Short-time Fourier transform-based algorithm for detection of wandering in the patients with Alzheimer’s disease

ABSTRACT As the elderly population rises, the growth rate of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive impairments increases. Wandering is one of the first and the most progressive and challenging behaviors; that manifest with certain patterns in the mobility behavior of the patients in the early stages of the disease. Timely diagnosis of wandering can prevent irreparable damages, including the risk of losing the patient, severe physical injuries caused by accidents, and even death. So far, numerous studies have focused on the development of wandering detection algorithms. Most of these mainly rely on two approaches of extracting features from patients’ trajectory history and estimating the path complexity. Motion signal processing methods have rarely been used in this area. An important consideration for these patients is the instability in their movement behaviors, which has received limited attention in previous research, leading to less compatibility of models with this feature. Therefore, this paper proposes an algorithm based on motion signal processing using the Short-time Fourier transform (STFT). This algorithm detects wandering patterns only by using the patient’s trajectory data and changes in their zero and non-zero frequency components. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm has been evaluated using the Geolife open-source dataset, considering the macro-average of metrics such as accuracy, precision, specificity, recall, and F-score, achieving respective values of 96.38%, 94.89%, 96.36%, 96.36%, and 95.58%. The results have validated the proposed algorithm’s strong performance in diagnosing wandering behavior, which, on one hand, helps prevent adverse consequences and, on the other hand, aids in the diagnosis and predicting the progression of the disease to severe Alzheimer’s stage.

Potential of GLP-1 Analogs in Managing Hyperphagia and Obesity in Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Review of Efficacy and Safety

Introduction: Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder marked by hyperphagia, obesity, developmental delays, and behavioral challenges. Traditional treatments like dietary control and growth hormone therapy often fail to effectively manage these symptoms. Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs have shown potential in treating PWS. This review assesses the efficacy, safety and mechanisms of GLP-1 analogs in PWS treatment. They improve glycemic control, cardiovascular health, and appetite regulation, contributing to better weight management and overall health in PWS patients. These analogs enhance insulin secretion, inhibit glucagon release, and slow gastric emptying, helping to reduce postprandial glucose spikes and caloric intake. Results: Several small-scale studies and case reports have shown mixed results regarding the effectiveness of GLP-1 analogs in reducing BMI and hyperphagia in PWS patients. Although the studies demonstrated varied outcomes in terms of BMI reduction, all of them reported improvement in satiety or appetite levels.Conclusions: Overall, GLP-1 analogs hold promise for addressing hyperphagia, obesity, and glycemic control in PWS patients, improving their overall health and quality of life. Continued research and long-term studies are essential to establish these benefits and optimize treatment strategies.

Bringing the assessment and treatment of diabetes distress into the real world of clinical care: Time for a shift in perspective.

Diabetes distress (DD) refers to the emotional and behavioural challenges associated with managing this demanding chronic disease over time. DD is alarmingly common and it has a significant impact on self-management behaviours and clinical outcomes. Thus, there is growing recognition that DD is a pressing problem that deserves careful attention in clinical care. Translating the application of validated DD assessment and intervention protocols from the research to the clinical setting, however, presents challenges that require a reconsideration of some common assumptions about what DD is, how prevalent it is, how it presents itself clinically, how it might best be assessed and by whom. We employed data from six large-scale studies using five common DD measures. Using these data, we review and challenge several common assumptions about DD. These data suggest that, because of its relative ubiquity, DD should not be viewed as a 'co-morbidity' or 'complication' of diabetes and it should not be seen as a mental health/illness 'condition'. Furthermore, we argue that DD assessment should: (1) be accepted as a standard part of comprehensive diabetes care, (2) occur regularly using broad rather than brief screening measures and (3) be addressed directly by diabetes clinicians, rather than exclusively by behavioural specialists. The results form the basis of a series of suggestions to enhance the translation, adoption and implementation of DD knowledge derived from the research setting directly into the real world of clinical care.

Development of Web-Based Learning Media on Behavior Management to Enhance Activities of Daily Living for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The aim of this project was to create an evidence-based learning media designed to address the behavior issues of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with activities of daily living. Composed of two phases, the first phase used eight school based occupational therapists identify the challenge with daily tasks and behavior management strategies for intervention. After the data was analyzed, the learning media was developed and reviewed by the therapists, content experts and 90 parents of autistic children. The web-based education consists of: 1) problems affecting the ADL performance of children with ASD: eating, tooth brushing, dressing, and sleeping divided between behavioral and sensory challenge and 2) behavior management strategies were identified to enhance the ADL performance of children with ASD and included sensory integration, environmental, and behavior modification. Parent perspectives revealed that the learning media were easily understandable and simple to use, with suitable font, size, and color of the text, as well as appropriate user interaction.

Caregivers on point: a randomized treatment–control prevention trial for foster and kinship caregivers to reduce behavior challenges among children in foster care

BackgroundChildren in foster care who are newly placed with licensed or kinship caregivers are often vulnerable to increased behavior problems associated with trauma and social disruptions. When those issues are not addressed, children are susceptible to placement disruptions that exacerbate behavior problems. Few preventive interventions are available for foster and kinship caregivers, and none are designed to be delivered at the time of a child’s placement into the home. This study aims to examine the impact of the Chicago Parent Program adapted and customized for foster and kinship caregivers (CPP-FC), locally branded as Caregivers on Point, on caregiver stress, parenting confidence and strategies, children’s behaviors, and placement stability.MethodsCaregivers (N = 300) are being recruited from a specialized foster care clinic that sees children and caregivers within five business days of a new placement. Upon completing baseline surveys and behavioral observation, caregiver-child dyads are randomized to receive CPP-FC (n = 150) or usual care (n = 150). Those in the treatment condition will complete 11 weekly sessions addressing child behavior management and caregiving approaches. A booster session will occur one month after the weekly sessions conclude. A mid-point assessment and behavioral observation will be collected four months after the baseline assessment for all participants, coinciding with the completion of the CPP-FC programming. At 6 months post-baseline, an end-of-study assessment will be collected. Administrative data will be extracted from the child welfare record to determine placement stability for the 12 months following enrolment. The primary outcome of interest is child behavior, indicated by changes in caregiver reports and objective ratings of behavior from observations, where raters are blinded to the treatment arm and timing of data collection. Secondary outcomes include placement stability and changes in caregiver stress and confidence in managing children’s behavior.DiscussionIf found to be effective, CPP-FC would be helpful for families involved with child welfare. It could be delivered by child welfare agencies, licensing and kinship navigator agencies, and foster care clinics and may be eligible for government reimbursement as a preventive intervention for children in foster care.Trial registrationThis study was prospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06170047.

CYBERSECURITY PRACTICES AND FRAUD PREVENTION AMONG GHANAIAN TELECOMMUNICATION FIRMS, A MIXED METHOD ANALYSIS

This study explores the effectiveness of cybersecurity practices in preventing fraud within Ghanaian telecommunication firms, adopting a qualitative research approach to gain in-depth insights into the challenges and strategies involved. By focusing on the perspectives of key personnel directly involved in cybersecurity and fraud prevention, the study aims to uncover critical factors influencing the success of these practices. A case study design is employed, examining cybersecurity implementation across five major telecommunication firms in Ghana. The sample consists of 15 participants, including IT managers, cybersecurity officers, and fraud prevention specialists, selected through purposive sampling to ensure relevant and insightful data collection. Semi-structured interviews are used as the primary data collection method, allowing participants to provide detailed and nuanced information on their experiences with cybersecurity measures. Thematic analysis is employed to identify key patterns and themes within the data, highlighting the role of insider threats, regulatory frameworks, and employee behavior in contributing to fraud. The findings indicate that while robust technical measures such as encryption, multi-factor authentication, and intrusion detection systems play a significant role in reducing fraud, challenges in enforcement, compliance, and employee behavior remain critical barriers. The study concludes that a holistic approach, combining technical solutions with organizational culture improvements and stronger regulatory enforcement, is essential for enhancing cybersecurity effectiveness in Ghana’s telecommunication sector. Recommendations are made for improving incident response times, regulatory support, and employee training programs, as well as fostering greater collaboration between firms and regulatory bodies to strengthen fraud prevention efforts.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0709/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Behavioral and Psychosocial Dynamics of Engagement: The Digital Divide in Artificial Intelligence [AI]-Driven Sports Podcasts.

The digital divide, particularly within the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI) sport podcasts, presents significant behavioral and psychosocial challenges for student engagement. This study examines the disparities in access to and proficiency with Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) across different demographic groups, focusing on gender, age, and religious level. The advent of the commercial web has heightened the significance of these divides, as the first-level digital divide concerns access to the internet, while the second-level digital divide pertains to the ability to use technology proficiently. The existing literature has consistently highlighted persistent inequalities in these areas, which significantly impact the extent to which students from various backgrounds can engage with AI sport podcasts effectively. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing strategies to bridge the gap and ensure equitable access to digital learning resources.

Understanding Emotional Outbursts: A Cross-Cultural Study in Latin American Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

One of the behavioral problems strongly associated with emotional dysregulation (ED) in ASD is emotional outbursts (EOs) characterized by a pattern of challenging behavior that varies across individuals and across time. Cultural factors can modulate the expression of EOs. This study aimed to characterize the profile of emotional outbursts (EOs) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across various countries in Latin America and to identify clinical, emotional, and contextual factors that contribute to the onset and frequency of EOs within this diverse sample. A cross-sectional and cross-cultural study was conducted between 2023 and 2024 comprising samples from five countries in the Latin American Network for Autism-REAL: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, and the Dominican Republic. We studied 689 children with ASD (age x = 8.7 ± 2.6 years) using the Emotional Outburst Questionnaire (EOQ). We identified different types of EO among children with ASD in our sample. The most frequent was the 'behavioral indicators of emotion' (52.0%) followed by 'increased motor activity' (28.3%), 'non-speech vocalizations', (27.6%), 'mild verbal aggression' (23.8%), and 'avoidance' (21.5%). Children in a bad mood or having a bad day or experiencing irritability were the most significant factors that increased the likelihood of EOs. Our results revealed that irritability is an important trigger for EOs and should not be disregarded or underestimated when monitoring the mental health of children with ASD.

Utilising sandplay therapy to support children with intellectual disabilities and complex mental health needs in China’s child welfare institutions: a case study

Sandplay therapy (SPT) has demonstrated significant effectiveness for children with intellectual disabilities, autism, and other challenges. This case study explores its impact on emotional regulation, sexual psychology, and behavior in orphaned children with significant functional limitations residing in Chinese welfare institutions. Utilizing Jungian psychology, the child’s development was assessed through 26 SPT sessions and four interviews with simulated family members. The findings showed improvements in emotional functioning, self-care capabilities, and the management of sexual energy and emotions. Furthermore, interpersonal relationships within the simulated family improved, thereby achieving the counseling goals. SPT, with its focus on the unconscious and symbolic representation, offers unique advantages in addressing the emotional and behavioral challenges experienced by children with severe functional impairments in welfare environments.

Program evaluation of a specialized treatment home for adults with severe challenging behavior

AbstractIndividuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities who engage in severe challenging behavior may comprise 5%–10% of the clinical population. Unfortunately, challenging behavior literature tends to underrepresent adult participants and emphasize efficacy (Does the intervention work?) more often than effectiveness (Does the intervention work in real world settings?). We conducted a systematic program evaluation to examine the effectiveness of a comprehensive behavioral treatment package using a hybrid quasi‐experimental consecutive case series design featuring eight adults who experienced the treatment package. The results depicted a substantial decrease in challenging behavior and increase in adaptive behavior across sessions for most participants. Impressive treatment integrity outcomes (M = 84%, range, 82%–90%) showcased that the intervention was implemented as intended. Social validity surveys administered to participants, caregivers, and case managers provide support for the acceptability of the treatment package. Project limitations, clinical considerations, and future directions are discussed.

The (re)production of ‘normal’ sexuality: a study of sexuality education for students with psychological and behavioural challenges in the Netherlands

ABSTRACT Dutch school-based sexuality education, renowned for its progressiveness and positive impact on sexual health, has been criticised for advancing a limited, yet dominant discourse on sexuality shaped by societal and political factors. Critics have argued that it perpetuates a narrow conception of ‘normal’ sexuality tied to neoliberal, secular, able-bodied, white, heteronormative norms. This inadvertently excludes certain social groups, such as people with disabilities. While the exclusion of people with disabilities has been critiqued by crip theory, an unexplored area remains: how does ‘normal’ sexuality manifest itself in tailored sexuality education for students with disabilities? This study focused specifically on children who faced psychological and behavioural challenges. By means of a case study, interviews, observations, and discourse analysis, the research revealed that, despite flexibility, the curriculum and implementation of sexuality education for this members of group still retains aspects of ‘normal’ sexuality. Based on our findings, we advocate for further exploration of sexuality education for students with special educational needs, incorporating perspectives from individuals with disabilities, teachers and experts. To promote a more inclusive approach to sexuality education, we recommend providing formal training to educators to guide them in navigating these issues in the classroom implementation of sexuality education.

Stepped-Care Web-Based Parent Support Following Congenital Heart Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Early neurodevelopmental risks, compounded with traumatic medical experiences, contribute to emotional and behavioral challenges in as many as 1 in 2 children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Parents report a strong need for supports; yet, there remains a lack of accessible, evidence-based behavioral interventions available for children with CHD and their families. I-InTERACT-North is a web-based stepped-care mental health program designed to support family well-being and reduce behavioral concerns through positive parenting for children with early medical complexity. In previous pilot studies, the program was effective in increasing positive parenting skills and decreasing child behavior problems, with high parent-reported acceptability. This paper presents the protocol for the first randomized study of stepped-care parent support for families of children with CHD. This study will involve a single-site, 2-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial to evaluate (1) the feasibility and acceptability of a web-based stepped-care parent support program (I-InTERACT-North) and (2) the effectiveness of the program in enhancing positive parenting skills and reducing behavioral concerns among families of children with CHD. Families will be randomized (1:1) to either receive treatment or continue with care as usual for 12 months. Randomization will be stratified by child's sex assigned at birth and baseline parent-reported child behavior intensity. Primary outcomes include positive parenting skills and child behavior at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Secondary outcomes include parental mental health, quality of life, service usage, and feasibility including program reach and adherence. A sample size of 244 families will provide >95% power to detect an effect size of d=0.64. Based on attrition data from pilot studies, a target of 382 families will be enrolled. Parent reports of acceptability, adoption, and suggested adaptability of the program will be examined using cross-case thematic analyses. Primary efficacy analysis will be conducted using an intent-to-treat approach. Generalized estimating equations will be used to examine changes in positive parenting. Child behavior, quality of life, and parent mental health will be tested with repeated-measures analyses. Additional sensitivity and replication analyses will also be carried out. Recruitment began in February 2024, and recruitment and follow-up will continue until January 2029. We anticipate results in late 2029. This study aims to test the effectiveness of I-InTERACT-North web-based stepped-care parent support in improving positive parenting skills and reducing child behavior problems in families of children with CHD compared with a care as usual control group. Results will inform future clinical implementation and expansion of this program among families of children with early medical conditions. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06075251; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06075251. DERR1-10.2196/64216.

Assessment of the acoustic environments in dementia care units: a case study

Dementia patients represent a particularly vulnerable group of people that are easily affected by their surroundings. Minor disturbances can lead to challenging behavior for the caregiving staff. Sensory stimulation is a critical factor in the treatment of these patients. At the same time, there is a challenge associated with it overstimulation as this can lead to social isolation, known as a factor that increases the risk of developing a dementia diagnosis. Therefore, a tailored sound environments is important to promote an inclusive environment for the patients to increase their well being and life quality. This study aims to discover the acoustical conditions at dementia care units in two hospitals, examine the impact of acoustic environment on patients and provide feedback about the existing standards and regulations for such buildings. In-depth interviews and measurements are combined to conduct both qualitative and quantitative feedback from the actual environment and users. The results can be used to develop acoustical design criteria for dementia units in the future.

Six of one, half a dozen of the other? Examining measurement properties of different potentially traumatic event polyvictimization operationalizations using a multiverse analysis framework.

Numerous differences exist between and within research projects related to assessment and operationalization of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) for youth, especially when measuring polyvictimization. However, few studies have systematically examined how polyvictimization measurement differences influence PTE's relation to functioning. This study sought to address these knowledge gaps by conducting a secondary data multiverse replication (SDMR) to systematically (re)evaluate PTE polyvictimization measurement approaches. Participants included 3297 adolescents (Mage = 14.63; 50.59% female; 65.15% white) from the National Survey of Adolescents-Replication study who completed a structured interview on PTE exposure and emotional and behavioral health (i.e., posttraumatic stress and major depressive disorder, drug and alcohol use, and delinquency). Results indicated that PTE operationalizations using a count variable tended to demonstrate better model performance and prediction of youth at-risk of emotional and behavioral health challenges, compared to models using a binary (yes/no) PTE operationalization. Differences in model performance and prediction were less distinct between models examining multiple forms of a single type of PTE (e.g., maltreatment, community violence), compared to models examining multiple PTE types. These findings emphasize the importance of using multidimensional approaches to PTE operationalization and the need for more multiverse analyses to improve PTE evidence-based assessment.

A lifespan perspective on fetal alcohol syndrome: Developmental challenges and outcomes

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) result from alcohol exposure during the intrauterine life of the fetus and are the most common nonheritable, avoidable causes of intellectual disability and a wide range of neurobehavioral outcomes. Alcohol causes neurotoxicity in the developing brain. Children with FASD experience behavioral issues from an early age and progress to adulthood. The prevalence of alcohol consumption among women is increasing. Clinically, symptoms in children with FAS manifest in a wide range of ways, probably as a result of the quantity and timing of alcohol exposure, as well as maternal and genetic effects. All of these elements contribute to the mechanisms through which alcohol harms a growing brain, the specifics of which are still largely unknown. Neuroimaging reveals alterations in the structure of the brain, white matter structure, cortical development, and functional connections. However, recent advancements and ongoing research have yielded encouraging findings that could result in the use of FAS screening tools and therapy for individuals. Intervention aims to enhance development, address behavioural challenges, and ensure suitable educational programming. Prioritizing early childhood intervention is crucial to prevent secondary disabilities that may arise from delays in obtaining a definitive diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Effective nutritional therapies as well as cognitive rehabilitation are now being tested. This disorder represents the intersection of complicated societal, community, family, and biological circumstances that increase the risk for intergenerational suffering, health disparity, and social injustice. This paper aims to guide healthcare professionals and policymaker in enhancing the quality of life for individuals with FAS through effective strategies.