Challenges Of Solid Waste Management Research Articles

ASSESSMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES,CHALLENGES AND IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES FORHOUSEHOLDS AND WASTE MANAGERS IN SOUTHSOUTH NIGERIA

Studies have shown that poor solid waste management has remained a major threat to public health as well as a causal risk factor for environmental degradation. This study assessed solid waste management practices, challenges and improvement strategies for households and waste managers in South-South Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2020 through April, 2021 at the households and environmental sanitation agencies in the six States that make up South South Nigeria. Data were collected in the process using structured questionnaires. The final sample was 469 participants, of which 392 responded to questions pertaining to households while 77 responded to questions pertaining to waste managers. Findings reveal that more than half of households adopted good solid waste management practices. Majority of the respondents experienced serious challenges in managing solid waste at the household level. Majority of waste managers experience challenges in solid waste management in South South Nigeria. Majority of waste managers agreed with the suggested improvement strategies for solid waste management at the household level. Education level and marital status were significantly associated with solid waste management practices at household level. Education level was also significantly associated with challenges of solid waste management practices at household level. Many members of the Zone may be willing to participate in measures aimed at improving solid waste management in their community, thus, government and other stakeholders in the scheme need to continue to organize community-integrated programmes and awareness campaigns on solid waste storage, separation, collection, transportation and final disposal.

Disposal is not free: fiscal instruments to internalize the environmental costs of solid waste

This paper provides an overview of global solid waste management challenges and waste-specific fiscal instruments that can help address them. Countries struggle to manage an ever-increasing volume of solid waste, which currently exceeds 2 billion tons a year. Though solid waste management is usually relegated to subnational governments, externalities from inadequate management, including greenhouse gas emissions and marine plastic, reach a global scale. Reduction of these externalities through improved waste management requires substantial additional fiscal resources. An effective combination of waste charges levied throughout the product cycle can provide resources to upgrade waste management, reducing environmental impacts, and create incentives for improved stewardship.

An overview for biomedical waste management during pandemic like COVID-19.

Amid COVID-19, world has gone under environmental reformation in terms of clean rivers and blue skies, whereas, generation of biomedical waste management has emerged as a big threat for the whole world, especially in the developing nations. Appropriate biomedical waste management has become a prime concern worldwide in the pandemic era of COVID-19 as it may affect environment and living organisms up to a great extent. The problem has been increased many folds because of unexpected generations of hazardous biomedical waste which needs extraordinary attentions. In this paper, the impacts and future challenges of solid waste management especially the biomedical waste management on environment and human beings have been discussed amid COVID-19 pandemic. The paper also recommends some guidelines to manage the bulk of medical wastes for the protection of human health and environment. The paper summarizes better management practices for the wastes including optimizing the decision process, infrastructure, upgrading treatment methods and other activities related with the biological disasters like COVID-19. As achieved in the past for viral disinfection, use of UV- rays with proper precautions can also be explored for COVID-19 disinfection. For biomedical waste management, thermal treatment of waste can be an alternative, as it can generate energy along with reducing waste volume by 80–95%. The Asian Development Bank observed that additional biomedical waste was generated ranged from 154 to 280 tons/day during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic in Asian megacities such as Manila, Jakarta, Wuhan, Bangkok, Hanoi, Kuala Lumpur.

Solid Waste Generation and Management Practice in Pokhara

This study aimed to identify the current status of solid waste generation and its management in Pokhara. For this purpose, eleven institutions were chosen from all the 33 wards of Pokhara Metropolitan City for collecting the information regarding waste generation and composition. Further focus group discussions were carried out with five private sectors involved in the solid waste management system of Pokhara. The per capita waste generation rate was found to vary from minimum value 0.016kg and to a maximum value of 0.082 kg. along with the average of 0.035 kg. The analysis of waste composition showed that landfill matter accounted for the highest fraction, making up 39.23 % of landfill waste, 35.14% of reusable/recycle waste and 25.63% of organic waste. The challenges of solid waste management are increment of waste generations as well as per capita generation with respect to population growth and catchment area, scarcity of garbage collection vehicle, very difficult to manage dead animals, lack of proper management of medical and Industrial waste and hazards waste, health problem of solid waste management staff. The results can be used as part of the waste management planning purpose for the concerned stakeholders

A geospatial approach for addressing long-term solid waste management issues: Extracting value from waste

Mauritius faces significant solid waste management challenges owing to its growing population, limited waste management infrastructures, and increasingly limited land space. Selection of new solid waste management sites is currently limited by a siloed approach, where previous geospatial studies have focused on identifying new suitable landfill sites rather than taking a holistic approach to identify different solid waste management options. Recognising the limitations of space and resources on Mauritius as a closed-loop system, a multi-criteria model incorporating socio-technical, economic, environmental, legal, and climatological factors is implemented to identify propitious sites for the construction of a combined landfill and composting facility equipped with an LFG recovery system at Melrose, and an incineration plant near Seizieme Mille. About 128.0 GWh, representing 4% of the electricity requirement of the country may be met from the incineration facility while the landfill gas recovery system has a technical potential of 67 GWh, representing 2% of the national electricity requirement, using equivalent solid waste streams. The profitability of generating electricity from waste-to-energy facilities, attributed to the lower marginal costs of incineration ($70/MWh) and landfill gas ($119/MWh) as compared to fossil fuels has the potential to spawn long-term environmental benefits, which stems from the avoided emissions due to the reduction in fossil fuel combustion for electricity generation. Emphasis laid on material recovery through the composting of organic wastes to dampen synthetic fertilizer use, and the recycling of certain solid waste categories would ensure a more sustainable and liveable society based on the principle of extracting value from wastes.

Exploring the role of local authorities and community participation in solid waste management in sub-saharan Africa: a study of Alexandra, Johannesburg, South Africa

ABSTRACT Solid waste management (SWM) has become a heavy burden in developing countries. In Africa, most urban centres consist of a large part of the waste produced by the inhabitants. This often becomes problematic and leads to poor SWM. South Africa faces the challenges of SWM that are mainly due to population growth and the lack of integrated programmes between local authorities and community members. It is in this context that this study focuses on the roles of local authorities and communities in SWM in Alexandra, Johannesburg, South Africa. Using a qualitative research methodology inspired by the traditional participatory research approach, it finds that a large proportion of urban areas face SWM problems, due to many factors. These factors include poor communication between community members and local authorities, lack of community participation, lack of local government strategies to involve the community, which complicates the situation. This study indicates that both stakeholders (the community and local authorities) do not play their roles sufficiently in the management of solid waste in Alexandra. As a result, the problem is too widespread and difficult to control, often being too costly for the community. The study highlights the importance of community participation in SWM to ease the burden on local authorities.

Challenges in Solid Waste Management: Insights Into the Disposal Behavior of Suburban Consumers in Guatemala City

Help, I need to get rid of it! In suburban areas of Guatemala City, inhabitants dispose of their household waste by burning it on their private property. Garbage collection coverage in the capital is inadequate, with only 85% of the generated waste being collected and collection rates in suburban areas lag far behind. This study examines the critical events, decisions and emotions linked with the disposition of household items of impoverished consumers living in the suburban area of Cumbre de San Nicolás near Guatemala City. We emphasize the determinants of their behavior, attitudes, and perceptions regarding their daily disposal routines of household possessions. The selected method to describe the poor consumers' experience in the disposition process of their household possessions is that of existential phenomenology. This analysis of 10 in-depth, semi-structured, qualitative interviews provides new insights into residents' daily disposal routines, social life, and traditions. Results show that religion, social norms, and peoples' relationships are essential for the well-being of those in suburban areas. Moreover, they significantly affect peoples' rationales and reflections on their disposal behavior and are promising factors for controlling suburban resource management of waste. This study's respondents showed a high level of awareness that on-site burning of household waste negatively affects human health and the environment. On the individual level, emotions influence the way of how people dispose of their personal belongings. Based on this study's results, we propose an intervention framework tailored to suburban impoverished citizens.

Challenges in Solid Waste Management: Insights Into the Disposal Behavior of Suburban Consumers in Guatemala City

Help, I need to get rid of it! In suburban areas of Guatemala City, inhabitants dispose of their household waste by burning it on their private property. Garbage collection coverage in the capital is inadequate, with only 85% of the generated waste being collected and collection rates in suburban areas lag far behind. This study examines the critical events, decisions and emotions linked with the disposition of household items of impoverished consumers living in the suburban area of Cumbre de San Nicolas near Guatemala City. We emphasize the determinants of their behavior, attitudes, and perceptions regarding their daily disposal routines of household possessions. The selected method to describe the poor consumers' experience in the disposition process of their household possessions is that of existential phenomenology. This analysis of ten in-depth, semi-structured, qualitative interviews provides new insights into residents’ daily disposal routines, social life, and traditions. Results show that religion, social norms, and peoples’ relationships are essential for the well-being of those in suburban areas. Moreover, they significantly affect peoples’ rationales and reflections on their disposal behavior and are promising factors for controlling suburban resource management of waste. This study’s respondents showed a high level of awareness that on-site burning of household waste negatively affects human health and the environment. On the individual level, emotions influence the way of how people dispose of their personal belongings. Based on this study's results, we propose an intervention framework tailored to suburban impoverished citizens.

Techno-commercial Assessment of Concurrent Municipal Brown Field Reclamation Procedures: A Pivotal Case study of Jawahar Nagar Dump Site

Techno-commercial Assessment of Concurrent Municipal Brown Field Reclamation Procedures: A Pivotal Case study of Jawahar Nagar Dump Site

Increasing urbanization and challenges of solid waste management in India

Increasing urbanization and challenges of solid waste management in India

Practices and Challenges of Household Solid Waste Management in Woldia Town, Northeastern Ethiopia.

Background.The rapid growth of urban populations has led to a dramatic increase in urban waste generation with environmental and public health problems associated with water contamination, emission of toxic and noxious fumes, soil contamination and introduction of disease vector populations.Objectives.The aim of the present study was to assess solid waste disposal practices and challenges of solid waste management in Woldia town, northeastern Ethiopia.Methods.A descriptive research design was employed, using a survey method and naturalistic observational methods. A total of 236 households were surveyed, including waste collectors and cleaners, waste pickers, and 20 students and ten teachers from Woldia secondary and preparatory schools. A purposive sampling technique (made up of municipal officers, scavengers (waste pickers), waste collectors and cleaners and a simple random sampling technique (of teachers, students and kebeles of the study area) was employed, then proportional allocation was made for each randomly selected kebeles based on population size to determine the sample. Finally, survey questionnaire, interview, focus group discussion and observation were used as data collecting tools. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were also employed.Results.The current study revealed that educational status (AOR = 10.92, 95% CI = (3.12–38.27)), occupational status (AOR = 8.08, 95% CI = (2.08–31.31)), monthly income (AOR = 5.72, 95% CI = (1.55–21.13)), and age (AOR = 2.53, 95% CI = (1.04–6.19)) were found to be the major factors associated with solid waste management practices. Additionally, shortage of storage materials, lack of alternative waste disposal options, household attitudes, and lack of awareness were the major challenges for low performance of solid waste management practices of the local government and households. The focus group individuals and interviewed participants indicated that solid waste management practices were poor.Conclusions.The present study revealed that solid waste management practices in Woldia town remain inadequate. Therefore, efforts by the municipality and other stakeholders are needed to mitigate the problem of waste management and disposal practices.Participant Consent.ObtainedEthics Approval.The study was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Review committee (IRERC) of Woldia UniversityCompeting Interests.The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Solid Waste Management in Indian Himalayan Region: Current Scenario, Resource Recovery, and Way Forward for Sustainable Development

With the growing population, solid waste management (SWM) is becoming a significant environmental challenge and an emerging issue, especially in the eco-sensitive Indian Himalayan region (IHR). Though IHR does not host high local inhabitants, growing tourist footfall in the IHR increases solid wastes significantly. The lack of appropriate SWM facilities has posed a serious threat to the mountain-dwelling communities. SWM is challenging in the highlands due to the remoteness, topographical configuration, increasing urbanization, and harsh climate compared to plain areas. Difficulty in managing SWM has led to improper disposal methods, like open dumping and open burning of waste, that are adversely affecting the fragile IHR ecosystem. Open dumping of unsegregated waste pollutes the freshwater streams, and burning releases major pollutants often linked to the glacier melt. Processes like composting, vermicomposting, and anaerobic digestion to treat biodegradable wastes are inefficient due to the regions' extreme cold conditions. IHR specific SWM rules were revised in 2016 to deal with the rising problem of SWM, providing detailed criteria for setting up solid waste treatment facilities and promoting waste-to-energy (WtE). Despite governments' effort to revise SWM; measures like proper collection, segregation, treatment, and solid waste disposal needs more attention in the IHR. Door-to-door collection, segregation at source, covered transportation, proper treatment, and disposal are the primary steps to resource recovery across the IHR. Approaches such as waste recycling, composting, anaerobic digestion, refuse-derived fuel (RDF), and gas recovery from landfills are essential for waste alteration into valuable products initiatives like 'ban on single-use plastic' and 'polluters to pay' have a potential role in proper SWM in the IHR. Research and technology, capacity building, mass awareness programs, and initiatives like ‘ban on single-use plastic’ and ‘polluters to pay’ have a potential role in proper SWM in the IHR. This review highlights the current status of waste generation, the current SWM practices, and SWM challenges in the IHR. The review also discusses the possible resource recovery from waste in the IHR, corrective measures introduced by the government specific to IHR and, the way forward for improved SWM for achieving sustainable development of the IHR.

A Survey of Solid Waste Management Services in Woldya Town (Ethiopia): Challenges and Opportunities for Improvement

In different cities and towns of Ethiopia, solid waste is a major environmental problem. Woldya town also face the challenges of solid waste management. Effective and efficient solid waste management in a town is a mandatory to ensure human and animal health and also to ensure clean and sound able environment in urban development. The aim of this study is to assess challenges and opportunities for improvement of solid waste management services in Woldya town. Interviews, questionnaires and observation were the major tools used for data gathering. The data were analyzed using tables, percentages, pie chart followed by explanation. In Woldya town the residents use illegal methods of solid waste disposal; this includes burning, open dump and ditch. The key challenges of solid waste management services in the town are lack of Awareness, lack of manpower, lack of facilities and financial constraints. The communities recommended that solid waste management can be improved through community participation, increasing funding, create awareness and encourage waste minimization. This study recommends environmental education related to solid waste management plays a great role to promote attitudinal change of the community and strong community participation, improve institutional capacity, strengthen financial capacity, promote private sector participation and preparing disposal site for solid waste

Challenges of Solid Waste Management and Policy Implications in the Indian Himalayan Region: A Scientific Review

According to Census of India (2011), total 377 million populations were residing in urban area which is 31% of the total population. During 1961-2011, the urban population was increased from 18 to 31.2% (Census of India, 2011b). India which is an agriculture-based economy is shifting towards service-oriented country as more of the population is shifting towards urban areas. Due to diverse geographical and climatic regions the people living here have different consumption and waste generation patterns. Towards sustainable urban development efficient municipal solid waste management is a vital constituent. Municipal solid waste management includes source segregation of waste, storage, collection, relocation, carry-age, processing, and disposal of solid waste for lessening its harmful impact on environment. Unplanned and short-term developmental plans increases industrialization and urbanization in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) and have led to tons of solid waste being sent to dump-yards and remained untreated. Due to this, solid waste management is becoming challenging issue in the IHR. In this review, various challenges and issues of solid waste management and probable solutions are suggested, particularly for the IHR.

A survey of solid waste management services in Woldya Town (Ethiopia): Challenges and opportunities for improvement

In different cities and towns of Ethiopia, solid waste is a major environmental problem. Woldya town also face the challenges of solid waste management. Effective and efficient solid waste management in a town is a mandatory to ensure human and animal health and also to ensure clean and sound able environment in urban development. The aim of this study is to assess challenges and opportunities for improvement of solid waste management services in Woldya town. Interviews, questionnaires and observation were the major tools used for data gathering. The data were analyzed using tables, percentages, pie chart followed by explanation. In Woldya town the residents use illegal methods of solid waste disposal; this includes burning, open dump and ditch. The key challenges of solid waste management services in the town are lack of Awareness, lack of manpower, lack of facilities and financial constraints. The communities recommended that solid waste management can be improved through community participation, increasing funding, create awareness and encourage waste minimization. This study recommends environmental education related to solid waste management plays a great role to promote attitudinal change of the community and strong community participation, improve institutional capacity, strengthen financial capacity, promote private sector participation and preparing disposal site for solid waste

Status and Challenges of Solid Waste Management in Beung Kiat Ngong Ramsar Site, Pathoumphone District, Champasack Province, Laos PDR

Quantification and characterization of municipal solid waste are vital information for a proper solid waste management. However, these are under-investigated and scarcely implemented in Laos PDR, especially the local communities. This work, therefore, aimed to quantify and characterize municipal solid waste generated from Beung Kiat Ngong Ramsar Site and to recommend possible integrated solid waste management strategies for a sustainable waste management. The average daily waste generation was estimated to be 3.6 kg/day and 2.6 kg/day in Thabou village and Kiat Ngong village, respectively. Organic waste appeared to be the biggest component (28%) for Thabou village, while packaging’s dominated waste composition in Kiat Ngong village. Interestingly, high percentage of golden apple shells waste were mismanaged. These had the potential to convert into value-added products such as calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It was found that fresh golden apple shells contained only 24.16±0.48 g/l as CaCO3, while incineration method increased higher CaCO3 products. The result showed that incineration at the temperature of 400 oC gave the highest amount of CaCO3 with the values of 1207.67±9.45 g/l as CaCO3. Based on the resources and the strength of the Ramsar site, the production of value added material from bio-waste could be integrated into waste management strategies along with 3Rs policies implementation.

Assessing Bandung's Governance Challenges of Water, Waste, and Climate Change: Lessons from Urban Indonesia.

ABSTRACTThis study assesses the gaps, opportunities, and priorities of Bandung in managing its water and waste challenges. The City Blueprint Approach is used to identify pressures, to measure the city's Integrated Water Resources Management performance, and to assess its governance. Based on the analyses of Bandung, 4 topics are discussed in more detail: 1) the transferability of the lessons from Bandung, 2) the challenges of solid waste management in Indonesian cities, 3) community‐based sanitation, and 4) implications for informal settlements. The assessment reveals that Bandung's basic water services are largely met but flood risks are high and wastewater treatment is poorly covered, leading to large‐scale pollution. This is amplified by extensive land‐use change and poor solid waste collection and treatment, as waste is almost completely dumped in landfills. Proper solid waste handling will reduce landfill dependency. Slum areas are disproportionately affected by climate‐related hazards and continuously under recognized in the discussion of cities' risk and vulnerability, while its dwellers are the most vulnerable members of the society. Bandung has started with slum area legalization which provides slum dwellers with legal security that protects their right to live as well as access to basic public infrastructures. Inadequate monitoring and uncoordinated financial source allocations are among the governance gaps. Governance is reactive and community involvement is low. Yet, Bandung exhibits the characteristics of a collaborative city with the potential to maximize its cross‐stakeholder learning with supportive leadership. Bandung and other cities in Indonesia face multilevel governance gaps. Bandung is recommended to expand the cooperation of private, civil, and public actors and implement network governance and decentralized management approaches focusing on improving the implementing capacity, better monitoring, cocreation, and better exploration of the options for financial support. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:434–444. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

Impact of COVID-19 on household waste flows, diversion and reuse: The case of multi-residential buildings in Toronto, Canada

The COVID-19 pandemic has had numerous environmental consequences, including impacts on municipal waste management systems. Changes in consumption and waste disposal patterns and behaviours during the lockdown period have produced new challenges for solid waste management and waste diversion activities. This paper develops a conceptual model that reflects short-term changes in waste flows from households that are due to COVID-19 disruptions, focusing on the case of multi-residential buildings in Toronto, Canada. Multi-residential buildings are of interest because they differ from single family homes in several key ways that can produce some slightly different impacts of COVID-19 on waste flows and practices. Primary research for the study included interviews with 19 staff, residents and property managers of ten multi-residential buildings. All of the research took place while Toronto was still in partial-lockdown. Analysis of the interviews revealed five themes around the impact of COVID-19: (1) changes in garbage, recycling and organics flows, (2) new health and safety concerns, (3) changes in reuse and reduction practices, (4) changes in special waste and deposit-return bottle collections, and (5) changes in waste diversion and reduction education. Given the time frame of our study, we recognize these as short-term impacts and call for future research to determine how many of the changes are likely to perpetuate over the medium and longer term.

Suitability analysis for municipal landfill site selection using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and geospatial technique

One of the most important challenges in solid waste management throughout the world is selection of suitable landfill sites. It is essential for solid waste management, because unscientific dumping and landfilling of waste could negatively impact the environment and human health. This research presents a GIS-based multi-criteria decision support approach for assessing the suitability analysis for landfill site selection in Kolkata Municipal Corporation, India. In highly urbanized areas of Kolkata, there is stress regarding the location of potential landfill sites, because existing waste dumping ground, i.e., Dhapa have no longer space to hold waste after 2 or 3 years. The availability of land is also a major tension than financial assistance in the study area. Therefore, the present study developed a methodological framework for locating suitable landfill candidate sites and selecting the best alternatives. Thus, 20 relevant alternatives were selected and relative weight calculated using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The geographic information system was considered to arrange the spatial and aspatial data. The alternatives of all criteria were rated from 1–5 scale indicating lowest to highest suitability for landfill. The weighted linear combination was performed between different criteria for modeling suitable candidate sites. The results revealed that throughout the study area, initially, 16 candidate sites were identified based on geospatial analysis, but out of them, 13 sites cannot be accepted for a landfill site due to current land use, public acceptance, transportation, and local environmental issues. Only three suitable sites can be considered for landfilling, although these are also not completely satisfying the environmental concern. However, landfill site is also essential; otherwise, it will appear as more adverse impact. Therefore, with little compromising with the environmental component, the engineered plan can be designed for the sanitary landfill on specific sites that recommended in this suitability analysis.

Status and challenges of solid waste management in Tirupati city

Waste management is the process required to manage waste from its inception to very last disposal. This method includes transportation, collection, treatment and disposal of waste. The motivation of the present study is the horrible status and challenges in solid waste management in Tirupati city. Urbanization contributes to the generation of more solid waste, and unscientific handling of solid waste degrades the urban environment and causes health hazards. In this paper, in addition to a comprehensive review of solid waste development, its characterization, selection, and treatment options as practiced in other municipalities of A.P, an attempt is made to examine the main parameters of SWM. Also recorded is the current status of SWM in Andhra Pradesh municipalities and ULB’s. Also discussed are the necessary conditions for leveraging maximum benefits from the possibilities of public private partnership and its obstacles and unnoticeable position of rag-pickers. The study concludes that the construction of decentralized solid waste treatment systems and the growth of the formal recycling industry in like rapidly developing city of Tirupati.