Challenges In Development Research Articles

Experimentation of a better methanogenic potential by co-digestion of urban waste: Contribution to the challenges of sustainable development in the Sahel zone

Experimentation of a better methanogenic potential by co-digestion of urban waste: Contribution to the challenges of sustainable development in the Sahel zone

Next-generation drilling fluids for horizontal and multilateral wells: A conceptual approach

The development of next-generation drilling fluids is crucial for the success of horizontal and multilateral wells, which pose unique challenges such as torque and drag, hole cleaning difficulties, and wellbore instability. This review explores the evolving role of drilling fluids, focusing on the desired properties required to address these challenges, including enhanced cuttings transport, reduced torque and drag, and improved wellbore stability. Furthermore, the paper discusses innovative additives, such as nanoparticles, high-performance polymers, and biodegradable lubricants, which are key to optimizing fluid performance. Environmental considerations and the chemical and mechanical interactions between fluid components are also analyzed. Finally, the paper examines future trends in drilling technology, highlighting the expected benefits of next-generation fluids and identifying potential challenges for future research and development. These advanced fluids are positioned to revolutionize drilling efficiency while maintaining sustainability in increasingly complex drilling environments.

Paediatric systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the development of patient-specific therapy: ethical perspectives through experts' opinions.

Research for personalised therapies concerning the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) in children involves the utilisation of OMICS technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI). To identify specific ethical challenges through the perspective of healthcare professionals, we conducted 10 semi-structured interviews. The development of interview questions for the interviews was preceded by a systematic review of the scientific literature. To address the complexities of paediatric emergency research, informed consent, and data processing, experts with expertise in paediatric intensive care, computer science, and medical law were sought. After the transcription and anonymisation, the analysis followed established guidelines for qualitative content and thematic analysis. Interviewees highlighted the intricacies of managing consent in personalised SIRS research due to the large amount and complexity of information necessary for autonomous decision-making. Thus, instruments aimed at enhancing the understanding of legal guardians and to empowering the child were appreciated and the need for specific guidelines and establishing standards was expressed. Medical risks were estimated to be low, but the challenges of securing anonymisation and data protection were expected. It was emphasised that risks and benefits cannot be anticipated at this stage. Social justice issues were identified because of possible biases within the research population. Our findings were analysed using current ethical and legal frameworks for research with a focus on the particularities of the patient group and the emergency background. In this particular context, experts advocated for an enabling approach pertaining to AI in combination with OMICS technologies. As with every new technological development, ethical and legal challenges cannot be foreseen for SIRS-personalised treatment. Given this circumstance, experts emphasised the importance of extending the ethics-legal discourse beyond mere restrictions. The organisation of supervision should be reconsidered and not limited only to the precautionary principle, which per se was seen as impeding both the medical progress and clinical flexibility. It was noted that the establishment and monitoring of guidelines were emergent and should evolve through an interdisciplinary discourse. Therefore, it was recommended to enhance the qualifications of physicians in the field of computer science, impart ethics training to AI developers, and involve experts with expertise in medical law and data protection.

The Development Potential and Challenges of One-Click Generative Artificial Intelligence in Cross-Border E-Commerce

This paper explores the development potential and challenges of one-click generative artificial intelligence (AI) in cross-border e-commerce. With the rapid growth of the Internet, cross-border e-commerce has seen significant market expansion, and the integration of AI technology presents new opportunities for the industry. This study analyzes the potential of one-click generative AI in cross-border e-commerce and its challenges. Reviewing relevant academic literature, the paper outlines key application scenarios of one-click generative AI, such as automatic product description generation and intelligent customer service assistants. Additionally, the study highlights the challenges associated with the technology, including issues related to semantic understanding and technological immaturity. The findings indicate that while one-click generative AI holds great potential for cross-border e-commerce, both technical and legal challenges must be addressed for its successful implementation.

Sustainable Tourism Development in Vietnam in the Current Period

Sustainable tourism development is currently an inevitable and effective direction for the tourism industry of Vietnam in particular and countries around the world in general. Vietnam has great potential for sustainable tourism development, from geographical location to natural and cultural resources. However, we also encounter many difficulties when developing sustainable tourism. This study points out the theoretical basis for sustainable tourism development; analyzes the current status of tourism development in Vietnam from 2015 to 2023; evaluates sustainable tourism development in Vietnam based on three aspects: Economy-Society-Environment; and examines the opportunities and challenges for sustainable tourism development in Vietnam. From that, several solutions will be proposed to develop sustainable tourism in Vietnam, making the tourism sector a key industry contributing to the ongoing development of Vietnam’s economy and society.

Pengaruh Financial Tecnology terhadap Manajemen Keuangan Generasi Z

This research discusses the influence of financial technology (Fintech) on the financial management of Generation Z, a generation that is familiar with digitalization and has a consumptive lifestyle. Generation Z, which accounts for around 27.94% of Indonesia's population, exhibits financial behaviors that tend to be more concerned with wants than needs. Through a literature review, this research explores how Fintech affects Generation Z's financial behavior, including the challenges that arise, such as shopping addiction and debt risk. Fintech offers easy access to financial services, such as digital payments, investments and online lending, allowing Generation Z to manage their finances more flexibly. However, their low financial literacy may result in suboptimal financial management. This study highlights the importance of financial literacy as a key factor to help Generation Z achieve sustainable financial well-being and respond to the challenges of Fintech development in the digital era

Using the Cocrystal Approach as a Promising Drug Delivery System to Enhance the Dissolution and Bioavailability of Formononetin Using an Imidazole Coformer

Background: Natural isoflavones are recognized for their diverse pharmacological activities; however, their low aqueous solubility presents a significant challenge for further development. Here, we aimed to develop a cocrystal of formononetin (FMN) to improve its solubility. Methods: The formononetin-imidazole (FMN-IMD) cocrystal was prepared using liquid-assisted grinding method. The prepared cocrystal was identified through a thermal analysis of physical mixtures with various coformers. FTIR and solid-state NMR confirmed the presence of hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions in the FMN-IMD cocrystal. Results: The solubility of FMN-IMD was two to three times higher than that of crystalline FMN. The FMN-IMD cocrystal showed a 4.93-fold increase in the Cmax value and a 3.58-fold increase in the AUC compared to FMN after oral administration in rats. There were no changes in the PXRD of the FMN-IMD cocrystal after six months of storage at 40 °C. Conclusions: Thus, the FMN-IMD cocrystal is proposed as an effective solid form for oral delivery, offering enhanced solubility and physical stability.

Open Innovation and Regulatory Challenges in New Modality Development: The Pivotal Role of Contract Development and Manufacturing Organisations in Advancing Antibody Drugs.

Ensuring regulatory-compliant manufacturing capability is an essential challenge for new treatment modalities, but its internalisation is not easy for pharmaceutical companies, especially start-ups. This study examines the functions and requirements of contracted development and manufacturing organisations (CDMOs) using the development process of antibody medicines as a case study. Utilizing PubMed, Cortellis and Patent Integration databases, this study delves into publication and contractual trends in monoclonal antibody drugs (mAbs) development, alongside an analysis of patent filings by CDMOs, offering a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape in mAbs innovation. In the early stages of mAbs development, dedicated bio firms (DBFs) led R&D with superior drug discovery technology but lacked manufacturing capability, which was complemented by CDMOs. This collaboration was an opportunity for CDMOs to expand their capabilities beyond manufacturing technology into antibody drug candidate discovery and structural optimisation technology. From mid-development onwards, it established a technology platform based on these capabilities and developed and established partnerships with existing pharmaceutical companies, including mega pharma. The impact of institutions and regulations on the innovation process was assessed during this development process. These findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the innovation system for new modalities.

Antiproliferative Effects of Ajuga orientalis Methanolic Extract: In Vitro and In Silico Insights

AbstractAjuga orientalis, a perennial herb from the Lamiaceae family, is traditionally used in Jordanian folk medicine for its therapeutic properties. This study evaluates the phytochemical profile, cytotoxicity, drug‐likeness, and molecular docking of the methanolic extract of A. orientalis to explore its potential as a source of novel therapeutic agents. GC‐MS analysis identified 21 compounds, including oleic acid methyl ester (27.1%) and palmitic acid (12.5%). The extract demonstrated significant concentration‐dependent cytotoxicity against RAW264.7 macrophage cells, with an IC50 of 91.5 µg/mL. Molecular docking studies revealed fundamental interactions of phytochemicals with cancer‐related proteins, including VEGFR2 and TLR4/MD‐2, showing strong binding affinities. Notably, 1,7‐di(2,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐2,2,4,4,6,6‐hexamethyl‐1,3,5,7‐tetraoxa‐2,4,6‐trisilaheptane and the 2TBDMS derivative of 4‐hydroxybenzeneacetic acid exhibited promising interactions, indicating potential for inhibiting angiogenesis and modulating immune responses. Drug‐likeness evaluation of 18 compounds showed that 11 meet the criteria for oral bioavailability, though some challenges for drug development remain. This research underscores the therapeutic potential of A. orientalis compounds in cancer treatment and immune modulation, suggesting further experimental validation and development of these bioactive compounds.

Impact Evaluation Adoption Towards Coastal Communities with Ongoing East Coast Rail Link (ECRL) in Terengganu

Objective: This article focuses on ongoing ECRL development challenges in Terengganu, Malaysia, by adapting the All-Party Parliamentary Group Malaysia on Sustainable Development Goals (APPGM-SDG) impact evaluation framework, which can serve as a tool for policy intervention in reducing inequality and promoting partnership. Theoretical Framework: The role of the state theory, as applied to explain the initiative launched through state coordination, requires a multistakeholder approach or structuration process in order to assess the impact on the beneficiary's sustainability. Method: The methodology adopted for this research has included in-depth interviews, observations, and site-visit approaches with local people and authoritative informants, and is heavily supported by desk research. Results and Discussion: The result shows that local coastal communities of several towns in Setiu, Terengganu, are positively accepting of this ECRL development. Nevertheless, collaboration and further information are also needed to make themselves compatible with socioeconomic changes. Research Implications: The critical APPGM-SDG mechanism, based on its success story in terms prior impact evaluation, should be embraced in assessing ongoing ECRL and its development through government-to-government partnerships. Originality/Value: This study led to the three imperatives recommendations on the academic context of the development corpus, advocacy, and policy moral deliverables.

Addressing contemporary challenges of Human Resource Development in Private and Cooperative sector milk processing organizations in Pune region

HRD practices in private and cooperative sector milk processing organizations in Pune region were investigated through 175 management and 1195 employee respondents of selected milk processing organizations from both the sector by adopting proportionate convenience sampling technique; which indicates that overall, fair & poor level of HRD practices found in private and cooperative milk processing organizations in Pune region; an enlightened organization would initiate immediate drastic HRD interventions to prevent the situation from deteriorating further by designing/re-designing effective HRD policy and developing good HRD practices. Management of both the sector milk processing organizations needs to design the existing HRD policy in line with standard practices so as to develop good HRD culture. Again, in between the two sectors, private and cooperative sector milk processing organizations in Pune region, cooperative sector was noticed to be drag behind by most of the poor HRD practices and indicating the acute need for addressing the issues. It strongly indicates the need for addressing the challenges of HRD practices being followed by implementing all HRD practices as per standard way to get the best HRD practices result in both the sectors milk processing organizations so as to sustain in global competition.

Analysis of Green Constitutions in Environmental Law Related to Spatial Planning and Balance of IKN Development in Indonesia

This study analyzes the implementation of the green constitution in environmental law concerning spatial planning and the development of the National Capital (IKN) in Indonesia. The Green Constitution emphasizes environmental protection as a human right, as stated in Article 28H of the 1945 Constitution. The research focuses on the challenges of IKN development in East Kalimantan, including the risks of environmental damage such as deforestation and ecosystem disruption. The Indonesian government is committed to maintaining 80% of the IKN area as green space, but effective implementation requires stricter law enforcement and greater involvement of local communities. The methodology used is a normative juridical approach through the analysis of applicable legal regulations. The results highlight the importance of applying environmentally friendly technologies and ecosystem restoration as efforts to maintain environmental sustainability amidst development. Collaboration between stakeholders, including the government, private sector, and community, is essential to achieving a balance between economic growth and environmental preservation. This study recommends strengthening environmental law enforcement, increasing local community involvement in the development process, and the use of technologies that support sustainable development.

EFFECTIVE APPROACHES TO ENHANCING CONNECTED SPEECH IN PREOPERATIVE CHILDREN WITH OPEN ORGANIC RHINOLALIA

Children with open organic rhinolalia, a condition often resulting from structural anomalies such as cleft palate, face unique challenges in speech development, particularly in the preoperative period. This article examines the methods, techniques, and strategies used to improve connected speech in these children before undergoing surgical intervention. Focusing on evidence-based practices, the article explores various speech therapy approaches, including breathing exercises, articulation drills, and resonance training, all tailored to address the specific needs of children with hypernasal speech. The goal of preoperative speech therapy is not only to prepare children for surgery but also to enhance their overall communication skills by developing more transparent and fluent speech. By reviewing current research and case studies, this article provides insights into effective treatment methods that can be applied in clinical settings to support children with open organic rhinolalia.

DFC-Igloo: A dynamic functional connectome learning framework for identifying neurodevelopmental biomarkers in very preterm infants

Background and ObjectiveVery preterm infants are susceptible to neurodevelopmental impairments, necessitating early detection of prognostic biomarkers for timely intervention. The study aims to explore possible functional biomarkers for very preterm infants at born that relate to their future cognitive and motor development using resting-state fMRI. Prior studies are limited by the sample size and suffer from efficient functional connectome (FC) construction algorithms that can handle the noisy data contained in neonatal time series, leading to equivocal findings. Therefore, we first propose an enhanced functional connectome construction algorithm as a prerequisite step. We then apply the new FC construction algorithm to our large prospective very preterm cohort to explore multi-level neurodevelopmental biomarkers. MethodsThere exists an intrinsic relationship between the structural connectome (SC) and FC, with a notable coupling between the two. This observation implies a putative property of graph signal smoothness on the SC as well. Yet, this property has not been fully exploited for constructing intrinsic dFC. In this study, we proposed an advanced dynamic FC (dFC) learning model, dFC-Igloo, which leveraged SC information to iteratively refine dFC estimations by applying graph signal smoothness to both FC and SC. The model was evaluated on artificial small-world graphs and simulated graph signals. ResultsThe proposed model achieved the best and most robust recovery of the ground truth graph across different noise levels and simulated SC pairs from the simulation. The model was further applied to a cohort of very preterm infants from five Neonatal Intensive Care Units, where an enhanced dFC was obtained for each infant. Based on the improved dFC, we identified neurodevelopmental biomarkers for neonates across connectome-wide, regional, and subnetwork scales. ConclusionThe identified markers correlate with cognitive and motor developmental outcomes, offering insights into early brain development and potential neurodevelopmental challenges.

Analysis of New Energy Generation Technology Based on the "Dual Carbon" Goal

With the increasingly severe global climate change issues, achieving the "dual carbon" goal has become a common pursuit for China and the world. The development of new energy power generation technology is of great significance for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and optimizing energy structure. This article first outlines the background and significance of the "dual carbon" goal, and analyzes its driving effect on new energy power generation technology. Subsequently, this paper discusses in detail several mainstream new energy power generation technologies, including wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, and geothermal energy, and systematically analyzes their development status and challenges. In the part of technological innovation, this paper focuses on the application and innovation trend of smart grid technology, energy storage technology and power electronics technology in the field of new energy power generation. In addition, this paper also evaluates the economy of new energy power generation technology, including cost-benefit analysis and the impact of policy environment. Finally, this paper summarizes the research results and puts forward the direction and suggestions for future research.

Recent Advances in Additive Friction Stir Deposition: A Critical Review.

Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) is a novel solid-state additive manufacturing method developed on the principle of stirring friction. Benefits from its solid-phase properties, compared with traditional additive manufacturing based on melting-solidification cycles, AFSD solves the problems of porosity, cracks, and residual stress caused by the melting-solidification process, and has a significant improvement in efficiency. In AFSD, the interaction between feedstocks and high-speed rotating print heads suffers severe plastic deformation at high temperatures below the melting point, ending up in fine, equiaxed recrystallized grains. The above characteristics make components by AFSD show similar mechanical behaviors to the forged ones. This article reviews the development of AFSD technology, elaborates on the basic principles, compares the macroscopic formability and material flow behavior of AFSD processes using different types of feedstocks, summarizes the microstructure and mechanical properties obtained from the AFSD of alloys with different compositions, and finally provides an outlook on the development trends, opportunities, and challenges to the researchers and industrial fields concerning AFSD.

Global Supply Chain Information Sharing Platforms: Challenges, Opportunities, and Trends

With the deepening process of globalization, the rapid development of information technology and the diversification of logistics methods, supply chain management faces increasingly complex challenges. This study explores the future development trends, challenges and opportunities of information sharing platforms in global supply chains. In global supply chains, information sharing platforms are of great significance. It facilitates real-time data exchange and collaboration among supply chain segments and help improve supply chain transparency, flexibility and efficiency. However, global supply chain information sharing faces many challenges, including problems in information security, technical standards, cultural differences, and laws and regulations. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes future directions for developing a global supply chain information sharing platform, including digitization, automation, cross-platform cross-border collaboration, data security and privacy protection, application of new technologies, and flexibility and adaptability. This study provides useful insights and guidance for future global supply chain management by exploring the global supply chain information sharing platform.

Dynamics of the construction of agency and identity during the transition from primary to secondary school in students in Colombia / Dinámicas de construcción de agencialidad e identidad durante la transición de la primaria a la secundaria en estudiantes en Colombia

This study analyses the dynamics of the construction of agency and identity in one boy and one girl during the transitional period between primary and secondary school and the time when they embark on adolescence in a school in Colombia. Drawing from the principles of Grounded Theory, interviews and observations were conducted. The analysis applied a thematic and microgenetic analysis to identify issues in tension, functions, directions of change and dynamics of reflexivity and agency. The results showed a transformation of meanings and positionings in reflexivity on belonging to or being part of a social group at school, which mobilized the development of agency for both identifying and differentiating oneself. The agency<>reflexivity dynamics were articulated in identity construction processes in the midst of the challenges of school transitions and development. We discuss the findings and their implications in terms of changes and transformations to construct maps of agency development, as well as the possible discussions around the traditional Kantian educational models.

Review of Research Progress on Acoustic Test Equipment for Hydrate-Bearing Sediments

When acoustic waves propagate through hydrate samples, they carry extensive information related to their physical and mechanical properties. These details are comprehensively reflected in acoustic parameters such as velocity, attenuation coefficient, waveform, frequency, spectrum, and amplitude variations. Based on these parameters, it is possible to invert the physical and mechanical indicators and microstructural characteristics of hydrate samples, thereby addressing a series of issues in hydrate development engineering. This study first provides an overview of the current applications and prospects of acoustic testing in hydrate development. Subsequently, it systematically elaborates on the progress in research on acoustic testing systems for hydrate samples, including the principles of acoustic testing, ship-borne hydrate core acoustic detection systems, laboratory hydrate sample acoustic testing systems, and resonance column experimental systems. Based on this foundation, this study further discusses the development trends and challenges of acoustic testing equipment for hydrate-bearing sediments.

Enhancing the Predictive Power of Machine Learning Models through a Chemical Space Complementary DEL Screening Strategy.

DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology is an effective method for small molecule drug discovery, enabling high-throughput screening against target proteins. While DEL screening produces extensive data, it can reveal complex patterns not easily recognized by human analysis. Lead compounds from DEL screens often have higher molecular weights, posing challenges for drug development. This study refines traditional DELs by integrating alternative techniques like photocross-linking screening to enhance chemical diversity. Combining these methods improved predictive performance for small molecule identification models. Using this approach, we predicted active small molecules for BRD4 and p300, achieving hit rates of 26.7 and 35.7%. Notably, the identified compounds exhibit smaller molecular weights and better modification potential compared to traditional DEL molecules. This research demonstrates the synergy between DEL and AI technologies, enhancing drug discovery.