The influence of extrusion on the properties of chalcogenide glasses and fibers was investigated systematically via measuring and analyzing their structural and physical properties of Ge10As22Se68 and As2S3. The experimental results showed that the extrusion processing has an insignificant effect on the glass network, crystallization, and compositions, but does have an influence on the glass transmission rate, refractive index and density. Meanwhile, the fiber loss after extrusion processing was greatly improved with 57.65% or 71.43%, corresponding to Ge10As22Se68 or As2S3 fiber, respectively.