Chair Of Sociology Research Articles

Global sustainable development programs: Challenges to the achievement of the goals

In this interview the Head of the Chair of Sociology of Public Administration of the School of Sociology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vladimir P. Vasiliev, shares his assessments of the results and significance of the UN climate Conference held in November-December 2023 in the UAE (Dubai). He examines the current dynamics of the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement, the key provisions of the reports of the World Health Organization and the International Energy Agency, and focuses on the discussions that unfolded at the conference on the use of fossil fuels and the transition to renewable energy sources. It is noted that the process of implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is currently facing a number of serious obstacles, both economic and socio-political in nature. Meanwhile, failure to implement the SDGs is fraught with a sharp aggravation of the problems of global inequality, food security and climate migration, especially dangerous for the most vulnerable groups of the population. It is noted that under these conditions, the Russian Federation is pursuing a long-term climate policy aimed at achieving a balance between anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and their absorption, in a way that is consistent with national interests and priorities of socio-economic development. Hopefully, scientists from Lomonosov Moscow State University will be able to contribute both to improving the environmental policy of the Russian Federation and to defining the global climate agenda. And for this, in turn, it is important to develop and strengthen the dialogue between the leading scientific schools of Moscow State University.

Populism’s four driving emotions, and how to cultivate emotions supporting democracy

We are delighted to present this interview with world renowned sociologist Eva Illouz. She currently holds the position of Directrice d'Etudes at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris and is the Rose Isaac Chair in Sociology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Her research focuses on the interlinkages between capitalism, emotions, gender, culture, love, sexuality, and freedom in the modern world. This interview primarily centers around Illouz's latest book but also touches on the role of social media in propagating negative emotions, strategies for cultivating emotions such as fraternity and hope to sustain modern democracy, and the contemporary era marked by societal self-destruction and unprecedented catastrophes.

New classics for the new science – re-reading the basis of sociology in Ecuador until the 1950s

ABSTRACT Professional sociology in Ecuador started with the first chair in sociology in 1915. This led to a series of foundational texts during the 1920s and 30s that sought to define what sociology is while applying it to core aspects of Ecuadorian society. While this time was – in the Global North- marked by a growing centralization on the theories of Durkheim and Weber, the Ecuadorian sociologists preferred other thinkers in order to understand society. The result was a mixture of different theories that were not always clearly articulated but did sustain the first relatively coherent sociological readings of Ecuadorian society. This text will shed light on how the first professional sociology in Ecuador used the classics of sociology in a particular way to build local sociology. The focus will be on the four most relevant sociological thinkers of the first half of the twentieth century, Agustín Cueva Sáenz, Ángel Modesto Paredes, Víctor Gabriel Garcés, and Luis Bossano. They worked with Tarde, Worms, Durkheim, and some German, US-American, and Latin American authors. The creation of the first School for Sociology in the 1960s meant a break from this tradition that has not been reflected adequately until today.

Contributors

Contributors

Historical Aspects in Sociological Studies and Implications for the Study of Sociology in the Academic World

This article has as a central focus the chair of sociology, aiming to expose the historical traces of its institutionalization in the secondary studies of Sergipe, since its first signs, in 1892, when it was created under the name of “sociologia, moral, noções de economia política e direito pátrio” (sociology, moral, notions of political economy and national law), until 1925, when it became an autonomous chair. The documental sources used were primarily legislative texts, as well as documents produced by the Atheneu Sergipense. Sociology emphasizes the importance of social networks and relationships in shaping historical outcomes. Social networks can influence everything from economic success to political power to health outcomes. For example, a person's social connections can impact their ability to find a job or access healthcare, and can also influence their political views and behaviors.

‘Core’ and ‘periphery’ of the concepts ‘happiness’ and ‘justice’: Unfinished sentences technique as a means of validation

The article continues a series of publications based on the results of a long-term research project of the Sociology Chair of the RUDN University, which combines research and methodological study of the self-identification of Russian students in terms of happiness. At the current stage, two new ‘dimensions’ were added to the project: first, the contextualization of questions about happiness by the concept and elements of social justice (as its ‘external determinant’); second, ‘measuring’ the images of a happy/unhappy person with the projective technique (unfinished sentences) and taking into account social ideas about justice/injustice. Being limited by the size of the article, the authors focus on the second ‘dimension’ - identify the possibilities and limitations of the unfinished-sentences technique as a means for validating the results of the project rather than a means for starting it. The structure of the article contributes to the solution of this task: in the first, introductory part, the author set the research problem as determined by the self-diagnostic mania of the contemporary society (in terms of the level of happiness) and the attempts to classify the factors of happiness; the second part presents the main stages of the project and its conclusions based on the results of the surveys (on the sample of the RUDN University students and on the all-Russian representative online panel); the third, main part presents the results of the unfinished-sentences technique application, which were obtained with the simplest content-analytical coding of the elementary endings. The authors reconstructed a single-type structure of images of a happy/unhappy person (in the context of factors determining such ‘statuses’) and of justice/injustice (taking into account their characteristics) - the core, the near periphery and the far periphery, which differ in their semantic ‘volumes’ and evaluation trends.

THE POSITION AND IMPORTANCE OF THE FIRST (JEWİSH) FEMALE SOCIOLOGISTS IN THE BIRTH OF SOCIOLOGY IN GERMANY

1909'da Alman Sosyoloji Topluluğu kurulduğunda, Almanya’da herhangi bir üniversitede ne bir sosyoloji kürsüsü, ne sosyolojik bir dergi, ne de sosyolojinin spesifik bir bilimsel özelliği vardı. Bu dernek, sosyolojinin müstakil bir bilim dalı olmasında ve üniversitelerde sosyoloji bölümlerinin açılmasında öncülük etmiştir. Ancak bu dernekte ilk dönemlerde kadınların sayısı hayli sınırlı tutulmuştur. 19. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinden itibaren bilim kadınlarının kendilerine bütün eğitim kurumları kapalıydı. Bu süreçte bu bilim kadınları, sosyal araş-tırmaların ortaya çıkış gayesi olan insani ilgi sayesinde bilgi ve gözlemlerini değişik sosyal alanlarda gösterebilmiştir. Örnek teşkil etmesi bakımından bu makalede beş bilim kadını-nın hayatı ve sosyolojik çalışmalarının analizi yapılmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu makale, Alman sosyolojisinin tarihsel gelişimini, sosyolojiye önemli katkılarda bulunmuş olan bilim kadınlarının perspektifinden ele almıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, erken dönem Alman kadın sosyologların erkek egemen akademik dünyaya hangi zor şartlar altında girdiklerini göstermek, orijinal bilimsel çalışmalarıyla kadınlık ile entelektüalizm arasında var olduğu düşünülen uçurumu nasıl ortadan kaldırdıklarını açıklamak ve üniversitelerde yeni açılan sosyoloji bölümlerini tercih etmelerinin nedenleri ortaya koymaktır.

Социальное обслуживание пожилых граждан: взгляд получателей услуг

The article is devoted to the urgent problem – the study of the availability of state paid social services, the degree of satisfaction of elderly citizens with them, as well as the study of their cost and the proposed spectrum. The article presents the results of quantitative (questionnaire survey) and qualitative (interview) studies conducted by the authors as a part of a research group at the Chair of Sociology of Social Work of Saratov State University in Saratov and the region. Relying on quantitative and qualitative methodologies, the authors analyze the solvency of elderly citizens as recipients of social services, the quality and range of services offered by the state.

Ask a Political Scientist: A Conversation with Cynthia Enloe about Gender and Global Politics

Ask a Political Scientist: A Conversation with Cynthia Enloe about Gender and Global Politics

Editorial Comment

We welcome Prof. Enrico Marinelli, Director of the Departmental Section of Forensic Medicine (SAIM-LAL Department) at Sapienza University of Rome for his new unanimous appointment as Editor-in-Chief of this Journal of Forensic Psychopathology, Forensic Medicine, Criminology owned by Sapienza University of Rome, and we are pleased to welcome as Referees Prof. Ciro Sbailò, Dean of the Faculty of Political Science and Psychosocial Dynamics at UNINT International University of Rome and Prof. Gianmarco Cifaldi as Referees. Ciro Sbailò, Dean of the Faculty of Political Science and Psychosocial Dynamics at the University of International Studies of Rome (UNINT) and Prof. Gianmarco Cifaldi Director of the Chair of Sociology of Violence at the University of Chieti-Pescara and Guarantor of Prisoners of the Abruzzo Region.

Is Program Review Worth It?: Sociology Chair Perceptions of Program Review Experiences and Outcomes

ABSTRACT Program review is one way that higher education is held accountable to stakeholders. However, little research has been conducted to determine whether best practices are followed by departments and whether the process is perceived to be effective by department chairs. This article presents data from a national survey of US sociology department chairs to explore these issues. We find that the use of some best practices can improve the extent to which chairs perceive program review to be a good use of time and a way to enhance the experiences of students. Positive attitudes about program review are also enhanced when chairs perceive that administrators use the process to make decisions about departments and when program review results in demonstrable positive change for departments. Nonetheless, a nontrivial minority of chairs perceive that program review is not a good use of time and that the process fails to improve the student experience.

Proudhon and Marx

This is a translation from French of a speech given by Georges Gurvitch (1894–1965) originally published in Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie in 1966 under the title ‘Proudhon et Marx’. Gurvitch, who succeeded Émile Durkheim as chair of sociology at the Sorbonne, discusses the significance of the revolutionary socialists Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–1865) and Karl Marx (1818–1883) for the field of sociology. In particular, Gurvitch highlights similarities in their thought such as Proudhon’s collective force and Marx’s surplus value and their shared concern for worker self-management. He argues that their mutual antipathy towards each other was rooted in personal feelings rather than in the incompatibility of their ideas, and calls for a synthesis of their ideas which would correct their errors and inspire ‘a new collectivism, neither Marxist nor Proudhonian, but surpassing both’. Lastly, Gurvitch emphasises the recurrent threat of fascism and stresses ‘decentralised collectivism’ as the only viable alternative going forward.

The Deputy of the State Duma in Perception of Russian Citizens: Ideal Representations and Reality

The article describes the results of a qualitative study of the image of an ideal Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian citizens conducted by the Chair of Sociology and Psychology of Politics, Dept. of Politics Lomonosov Moscow State University in 2020. The main method of the study was method of deep focused interviews. The results of the study allowed us to identify representations of Russian citizens about the desired and unacceptable qualities of the ideal Deputy. The study showed that one of the sources of forming those ideal representations about Deputies is the perception of real Deputies, which has a sharply negative character. The results can be used as a reference material in the preparation and conduct of election campaigns of candidates for Deputies of the State Duma of the VIII Convocation.

Durkheim en Uruguay. La recepción de sus ideas en la Universidad de la República (1915-1947)

El presente trabajo estudia la recepción de las ideas de Émile Durkheim en la cátedra de Sociología de la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de la República para el periodo 1915-1947. Para ello, el texto se concentra en los libros, artículos y notas de clase de quienes fueron profesores de la mencionada cátedra: Carlos María Prando e Isaac Ganón. Al mismo tiempo se realiza un estudio del proceso de institucionalización de la sociología en Uruguay, por lo cual también se ha considerado la enseñanza de esta disciplina en la cátedra Filosofía del Derecho de la misma universidad entre 1898 y 1915.

The ‘duplex’ perspective as an attempt to resolve the key sociological dilemma

This article is a review of the books by the famous Czech sociologist, head of the Historical Sociology Chair of the Faculty for Humanities at the Charles University (Prague), Jiří Šubrt Historical Processes, Social Changes, and Modernization in the Sociological Perspective (Moscow: RUDN; 2017. 248 p.), Antinomies, Dilemmas, and Discussions in the Contemporary Sociological Thought: Essays on Social Theory (Moscow: RUDN; 2018. 280 p.), and Individualism, Holism and the Central Dilemma of Sociological Theory (Bingley: Emerald Publishig; 2019. 184 p.). All three works focus on the key sociological dilemma - individualism versus holism, which has been the main scientific interest of J. Šubrt in recent years. The relevance of this dilemma is obvious: individualism declares the subjectivity of the person, while holism insists on the objectivity of the supra-individual social reality, and this contradiction hinders the development of theoretical knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to try to resolve this contradiction, which Šubrt does by critically analyzing the previous attempts to resolve this dilemma and by considering it in the ‘duplex’ perspective that reflects both voluntarist and social principles.

‘It’s the birth rates’: Sex, gender, and race in Europe’s ‘Muslim Question’

‘It’s the birth rates’: Sex, gender, and race in Europe’s ‘Muslim Question’

The oral tradition of Pierre Bourdieu:Classification Struggles, On the State, andManet

This essay discusses the three most recent posthumous publications of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. With the 2019 release of Classification Struggles, coming after On the State (2014) and Manet (2017), and covering Bourdieu’s first lectures as the Chair in Sociology at the Collège de France from 1981 to 1982, this emerging oral tradition marks an opportune moment to re-examine Bourdieu’s oeuvre in light of a mode of presentation and knowledge transference that is unprecedented in scope within the sociological canon. Taken together, these series of lectures, but also notes, essays by his collaborators, and even an unfinished book length manuscript, constitute a fascinating process of analysis of the wide range of topics that Bourdieu tackled throughout his career. As such, these works lend important insights that should aid readers in re-evaluating Bourdieu’s more polished works. However, beyond the additional insights that may lead international sociologists to a more thorough understanding of Bourdieu’s best-known theories, one finds, when examined chronologically, the slow march of Bourdieu’s progress towards a fully-fledged theory of the state, a topic that he did not begin to formally analyze until he began lecturing at the Collège de France.

Образ США в контексте трансформации российской идентичности

The article analyzes the results of a study conducted by the Department of Political Science and Mass Communications of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation by the author's methodology developed by the Chair of Sociology and Psychology of Politics at the Faculty of Political Science of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. As a part of the study, the features of perception of the USA by various age cohorts of Russian citizens were studied. At the same time, the specificity of the influence of the United States image developed in the minds of Russians on the transformation of Russian national-state identity was considered. The results of the study lead to the following conclusions. Firstly, the images of foreign countries, especially the United States, which crystallize the notions of a significant other, are the backbone structures of the political world view of the Russians. Secondly, the authors put forward the hypothesis that generally confirmed images of foreign countries, including the United States, are formed in the minds of Russians under the decisive influence of social and political discourse. At the same time, the influence of long-term socio-cultural and generational factors on the system of ideas about foreign countries is less noticeable.

Extramuros: el arabismo fuera del Centro de Estudios Históricos: la correspondencia de Julián Ribera con José Castillejo

Between 1907 and 1916, the group of Spanish Arabists known as the “school of Codera” (Beni Codera, as expressed by the scholar Emilio García Gómez) was part of an inclusive institution that comprised different academic fields, both scientific and humanistic, in Spain. This institution was the Junta para Ampliación De Estudios (the Council for Extension of Studies and Scientific Research). The work carried out by this group in the Center for Historical Studies (an institution dependent on the Council) represents one of its most fruitful periods of research activity. But in 1916, the participation of Asín Palacios in the Board in charge of evaluating the candidates for the chair of Sociology at the University Complutense of Madrid a field foreign to the Spanish school of Arabists), and to which applied the Council’s Secretary, José Castillejo, resulted in the withdrawal of the Arabist group from both the Center and the Junta. This led to the isolation of Arabism from the development of the area of humanities in Spain. The correspondence between Julián Ribera, at the time the patriarch of Arabism, and Castillejo, describes the context of this breaking and contributes to the understanding of the evolution of contemporary Spanish Arabism.

Трактовки и способы измерения продовольственной безопасности в современной России: дискурсивные и реальные противоречия

Ирина Владимировна Троцук – доктор социологических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник, Центр аграрных исследований, Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ; доцент, кафедра социологии, Российский университет дружбы народов. Адрес: 119571, Москва, просп. Вернадского, д. 82. E-mail: irina.trotsuk@yandex.ru
 Александр Михайлович Никулин – кандидат экономических наук, директор, Центр аграрных исследований, Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ. Адрес: 119571, Москва, просп. Вернадского, д. 82. E-mail: nikulin@ranepa.ru
 Стивен Вегрен – профессор политологии, Южный методистский университет. Адрес: Dallas, Texas, 75275, USA. E-mail: swegren@smu.edu
 Цитирование: Троцук И.В., Никулин А.М., Вегрен С. (2018) Трактовки и способы измерения продовольственной безопасности в современной России: дискурсивные и реальные противоречия // Мир России. Т. 27. № 1. С. 34–64. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-1-34-64
 
 В статье охарактеризованы форматы внимания политиков и ученых к проблемам продовольственной безопасности, особенно к ее противоречивым определениям в интеллектуальных и идеологических дискуссиях в связи с разработкой программ и доктрин продовольственной безопасности. Также отмечена важность концепции продовольственного суверенитета как критически альтернативного ей подхода. Обращаясь к историческому и современному опыту обеспечения продовольственной безопасности в России, авторы отмечают зигзаги продовольственной политики – переход от советской автаркической модели продовольственного самообеспечения через попытки либерализации продовольственной политики 1990-х гг. к новой протекционистской и автаркической доктрине 2000-х гг. Критическому осмыслению в статье подвергаются индикаторы продовольственной безопасности: так, показатели валового роста производства разных видов продовольствия все же недостаточны для оценки национальной продовольственной безопасности, поскольку ключевыми являются индикаторы эффективности аграрного производства, доступности качественных продуктов питания для всех слоев населения и возможность потребителей контролировать вопросы продовольственного обеспечения. В заключительной части статьи представлен обзор социологических исследований продовольственной безопасности в России и прежде всего результатов мониторингов Центра аграрных исследований РАНХиГС в 2015–2017 годах, зафиксировавших противоречивую «двойную автаркию» в ответах респондентов: с одной стороны, они поддерживают политический курс на продовольственный протекционизм и национализм (автаркия государственная); с другой стороны, стремятся к продовольственному суверенитету (автаркия семейная), интенсифицируя натуральное самообеспечение.