Chair Design Research Articles

デザイン思考におけるカテゴリーの階層構造と形態の新規性の関係 : イスのデザインにおける事例を通じて(1)

デザイン思考におけるカテゴリーの階層構造と形態の新規性の関係 : イスのデザインにおける事例を通じて(1)

デザイン思考におけるカテゴリー拡張と独創性の関係 : イスのデザインにおける事例を通じて(2)

デザイン思考におけるカテゴリー拡張と独創性の関係 : イスのデザインにおける事例を通じて(2)

Assessment of mine action shock absorption chair of the crew member of fighting vehicle on compliance to ergonomic requirements

Effectiveness of protection of crew members of armoured equipment against blasting of antivehicle mine depends not only from antistriking characteristics of the chair, but also from its ergonomic characteristics and from the ability of crew members to use protection means properly. The ergonomic characteristics of mine action shock absorption chair were examined analytically – the chair characteristics were compared with the demands of normative documents and by experimental way – in experiments with subjects. Geometrical characteristics of the developed mine action shock absorption chair for protection of crew members of armoured equipment against blasting of antitransport mine generally conforms to requirements of GOST 2188976 «The person operator’s chair. General ergonomic requirements». Differences from requirements of GOST do not conduct to decrease in its ergonomic characteristics. The design of chair fastened system allows to adjust independently belts of fastened system and quickly be recorded in a chair. In the study with participation of 15 subjects it is established that 30minute stay in a chair in summer and winter equipment does not conduct to serious violations of convenience and does not cause noticeable decrease in health, activity and mood of subjects. Placement in winter equipment is a little more comfortable, than in summer equipment. The greatest inconvenience noted by the subjects is connected with the head restraint design, in insufficient degree providing the head support. So, in spite of several small shortcomings, the model of mine action shock absorption chair showed the acceptable level of ergonomic characteristics and in allows to recommend it for conducting further dynamic tests.

A user-controlled thermal chair for an open plan workplace: CFD and field studies of thermal comfort performance

This study aims to improve user comfort and satisfaction regarding the thermal environment in the open plan office, which is a current challenge in the workplace addressed by limited research. The main difficulty in an open plan setting is that changing the room temperature in an area affects all occupants seated nearby. This issue in addition to individual differences in perceiving the thermal environment create a great challenge to satisfy all occupants in the workplace. This study investigates the application of an advanced thermal system, a user-controlled thermal chair, which allows individual control over their immediate thermal environment without affecting the thermal environment and comfort of other occupants. The performance of the chair was further analysed through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations providing a detailed analysis of the thermal distribution around a thermal chair with a sitting manikin. The results indicated that user thermal comfort can be enhanced by improving the local thermal comfort of the occupant. A prototype of an office chair equipped with thermal control over the seat and the back was produced and examined in an open plan office in November in Leeds, UK. Forty-five individuals used the chair in their everyday context of work and a survey questionnaire was applied to record their views of the thermal environment before and after using the chair. The results of the field study revealed 20% higher comfort and 35% higher satisfaction level, due to the use of thermal chair. Thermal measurements showed acceptable thermal conditions according to the ASHRAE Standard 55-2013. Over 86% of the occupants set the temperature settings of the seat and the back of the chair between 29°C and 39°. 82% of the occupants expressed their satisfaction level as “satisfied” or “very satisfied” regarding the performance of the thermal chair. The thermal chair energy consumption was relatively low (0.03kW) when compared with that of typical personal heaters, which are about 1–1.5kW. Further research is recommended to improve the design and application of the thermal chair to improve user overall thermal comfort and also further reduce energy consumption.

Implementation Of Effective Capstone Projects In Undergraduate Manufacturing Design Engineering Program

Final program projects (capstone course) in manufacturing design engineering technology at National University are intensive experiences in critical thinking and analysis, designed to broaden students’ perspectives and provide an opportunity for integration of coursework in the area of manufacturing design engineering. This paper focuses on three specific capstone projects that were worked on in an undergraduate manufacturing design engineering program. The projects include an office chair design, development of an improved balloon marker placement system for catheter manufacturing, and a modular motorcycle helmet design. This paper summarizes the design methodologies and strategies that were adopted by the students and faculty. In addition, this paper draws on the experiences gained from working on these projects to describe how a capstone project in manufacturing design engineering should be designed for maximum effectiveness. In this context, this paper presents a useful do’s and don’ts list.

Inglés

When ergonomic criteria are separately applied to the design of chairs, the feeling of comfort is not guaranteed. In this case, the aesthetic and perceptive features of the chair provide the sensations of comfort, and several studies have determined that comfort and discomfort present some characteristics that make them different from each other. Moreover, early judgements by the user remain invariable when there is no interaction between the person and the object. Therefore, it can be assumed that if a device is considered comfortable after an initial experience of use, it may well not be thought as such after extended use. Based on this, the present research study aimed at establishing the differences in the perceptions of comfort of two chairs before and after extended sitting posture. Six subjects participated in this study, all they were women from 20 to 45 years of age, who usually perform office work in extended sitting posture, with a body mass index (BMI) ranging between 20 and 30 Kg/m2. In the experiment, four office tasks were assigned (reading, transcribing a text, handwriting and searching on the internet) during sixty minutes. The experiment was divided into two sessions, in order to use the two chairs subject of the study. Each participant was assessed at the same hour but in two different days. By means of the semantic differential, evaluations of visual perception were carried out by the participants before and after using the chair. The results reveal differences in the perception evaluation of both chairs before and after their use. In the case of the chair a, the assessment of the adjectives never decreased. This study shows that the pleasure provided by a product is not static and it does evolve on the basis of product time of use and manipulation. Even though there were no statistical differences in the adjective pairs studied when only one chair is examined, it was demonstrated that its perception may improve or worsen on the basis of time. Similarly, this perceptual behavior is not indifferent to the object, finding significant differences before and after use when comparing the chairs. Finally, this analysis tool provides better evidence on product functionality by indicating whether there are failures in the proposed design.

Computational and Field Test Analysis of Thermal Comfort Performance of User-controlled Thermal Chair in an Open Plan Office

In this study, a thermal chair prototype was developed that allowed personal control over the temperature settings of the back-rest and the seat. Limited research focuses on different methods to provide individual user control over the thermal environment. This is particularly difficult to achieve in an open plan office setting, where changing the temperature in one area directly influences the comfort and satisfaction of other occupants seated nearby. In this study, the application of the thermal chair was analysed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and field-test analysis in an open plan office in Leeds, UK during winter. The results of the CFD model indicated an improvement in the local thermal comfort of the user. The CFD analysis provided detailed analysis of the thermal distribution around a siting manikin and was used to design and construct the thermal chair. The results of the field data survey indicated a great improvement in users’ comfort (20%) and satisfaction (35%). This study concludes that local thermal control of the occupant improves their overall thermal comfort. It recommends further work to optimise the design of the thermal chair and to improve the modelling for better predictions.

The Effectiveness of an Elementary School Chair Design to Ensure Ease of Mobility

The Effectiveness of an Elementary School Chair Design to Ensure Ease of Mobility

A study on the nature of chair design as space objet - Centering on the product of Arne Jacobsen and Verner Panton -

A study on the nature of chair design as space objet - Centering on the product of Arne Jacobsen and Verner Panton -

Thermal comfort of seats as visualized by infrared thermography

Published studies that deal with the question of how the temperature of chair seats influences human activities are few, but the studies considering such a factor, a function of the type of material, could contribute to improvements in the design of chairs. This study evaluates seat temperatures of 8 types of chairs made of different materials. The parts of the furniture that people come into contact with, and the thermal response of the material to heating and cooling have been evaluated. Infrared thermography was used for this, as it is a non-contact technique that does not present any type of risk in the measurement of temperatures. Seats made of synthetic leather (leatherette), wood and polyester fabric were found to have the highest temperatures, and the plywood seat showed the lowest. The study has also revealed that thermography can contribute to studies of thermal comfort of chair seats in addition to determining the most suitable material.

Tilbagelænet redskabsmediering – en kulturhistorisk psykologisk rammesætning af biofeedback som helbredsteknologi.

There is a growing demand for tools and methods that provide a setting for the cultivation of conscious focus and immersion. With the intent to accommodate this need, the technology of biofeedback is presented, which has a documented long time effect on the users’ ability to regulate their body states independently. There is, however, little clarityon what kind of psychological dynamics make biofeedback work. To explore a possible theoretical framework, ideas from cultural-historical psychology are presented, with which the phenomenon can be particularly elucidated by the concepts of mediation and interiorization. A design of an interactive chair under development at Bang & Olufsen is presented. The potential for understanding the possible biofeedback properties of the chair and the phenomenon in general within a cultural-historical psychological framework are considered. Future directions for the project and the model are then discussed in light of the presented theory and analysis.

The Androchair: Performing Gynaecology through the Practice of Gender Critical Design

This paper highlights the important role that design plays when it comes to women’s overall experiences of ther gynaecological examination. It exemplifies how the examination can become renegotiable through the practice of a critical design. We will reflect this in the design of the contemporary gynaecological examination chair (GEC). We used women’s experiences as a starting point for the design of an Androchair (a conceptual male equivalent of the GEC), in order to make the experiences critically visible. Inspired by the view of the gynaecological examination as a performance where the Androchair is represented as a prop and was placed on a stage as a discussion object during a public seminar. The Androchair allowed for both critical and multiple readings of the GEC and through that, the gynaecology examination at large. Moreover, it stimulated a discussion about alternative ideas towards achieving a more positive experience.

Reproducibility of patient setup in the seated treatment position: A novel treatment chair design.

Radiotherapy in a seated position may be indicated for patients who are unable to lie on the treatment couch for the duration of treatment, in scenarios where a seated treatment position provides superior anatomical positioning and dose distributions, or for a low‐cost system designed using a fixed treatment beam and rotating seated patient. In this study, we report a novel treatment chair that was constructed to allow for three‐dimensional imaging and treatment delivery while ensuring robust immobilization, providing reproducibility equivalent to that in the traditional supine position. Five patients undergoing radiation treatment for head‐and‐neck cancers were enrolled and were setup in the chair, with immobilization devices created, and then imaged with orthogonal X‐rays in a scenario that mimicked radiation treatments (without treatment delivery). Six subregions of the acquired images were rigidly registered to evaluate intra‐ and interfraction displacement and chair construction. Displacements under conditions of simulated image guidance were acquired by first registering one subregion; the residual displacement of other subregions was then measured. Additionally, we administered a patient questionnaire to gain patient feedback and assess comparison to the supine position. Average inter‐ and intrafraction displacements of all subregions in the seated position were less than 2 and 3 mm, respectively. When image guidance was simulated, L‐R and A‐P interfraction displacements were reduced by an average of 1 mm, providing setup of comparable quality to supine setups. The enrolled patients, who had no indication for a seated treatment position, reported no preference in the seated or the supine position. The novel chair design provides acceptable inter‐ and intrafraction displacement, with reproducibility equivalent to that reported for patients in the supine position. Patient feedback will be incorporated in the refinement of the chair, facilitating treatment of head‐and‐neck cancer in patients who are unable to lie for the duration of treatment or for use in an economical fixed‐beam setup.

Evaluation and Study on Relationship between Sitting Posture and Work Efficiency

The relationship between the work efficiency and the sitting posture of the office staff was analyzed by comparing changes in operation time of different tasks at different sitting postures. Combined with the body pressure distribution experiment, the relationship of operation time at different sitting postures was concluded, which provides reference for the study on office chair design and work efficiency improvement.

Designing leadership chairs: Experiments with affirmative critique of leadership and environmentality

Through a methodology of having students ‘design’ leadership chairs, we investigate how contemporary leadership and governing operate by orchestrating affects and strategically shaping the physical environment in order to transform and shape intensities, desires, atmospheres, and social relations. By presenting a pedagogical framing as ‘a posthuman sensorium’, with its design of leadership chairs and art of conversation, we invite engagement with dilemmas and problems of contemporary organizing processes as a careful affirmative critique.

Automatic derivation of design schemata and subsequent generation of designs

AbstractThis paper presents a method for automatically generating new designs from a set of existing objects of the same class using machine learning. In this particular work, we use a custom parametric chair design program to produce a large set of chairs that are tested for their physical properties using ergonomic simulations. Design schemata are found from this set of chairs and used to generate new designs by placing constraints on the generating parameters used in the program. The schemata are found by training decision trees on the chair data sets. These are automatically reverse engineered by examining the structure of the trees and creating a schema for each positive leaf. By finding a range of schemata, rather than a single solution, we maintain a diverse design space. This paper also describes how schemata for different properties can be combined to generate new designs that possess all properties required in a design brief. The method is shown to consistently produce viable designs, covering a large range of our design space, and demonstrates a significant time saving over generate and test using the same program and simulations.

Design and Fabrication of an Adjustable Sitting Inclinations Spinal Cord Rehabilitation Chair

Abstract The adjustable sitting inclination rehabilitation chair was fabricated with mild steel and soft upholstered fabric was used for the overlay on the seat, headrest and armrest. The components were coupled with a linear actuator at the upper frame for the reclining of the backrest about it axis. The wheels are located outboard of the seat of the chair to enhance stability while foot rest supports the posterior weight of the users. The narrow seat allows free movement of the leg when the user is seated. Sitting inclinations of 120 and 135° protect the spine disc from compression and proffer more comfort for the users than other angles experimented. The adjustable sitting inclination SCRC is simple and affordable for low-income people with Spinal cord injury, especially for those in developing countries in order to support other therapies for their recovery processes.

Optimisation design of pine backrest chair based on Taguchi method

In this paper, the ANSYS finite element analysis is applied to the pine backrest chair models. During the structure design progress, the Taguchi method for the robust design is applied. By means of the signal-noise ratio (SNR) factor effect analysis, the optimal design scheme of the structural quality of pine backrest chair is determined that the backrest chair is designed as trapezoidal seat frame, upper waling, bottom waling with II type and leaning back rear leg. Based on the above condition, the maximum equivalent stress is improved by 9.05% than the initial one, the maximum deformation is ameliorated by 14.42% and the SNR is significantly improved. When robust design is on the basic of Taguchi method, the robustness of structure quality characteristics can be enhanced. At the same time, the overall strength and stiffness of the furniture structure can be improved and the design cost can be reduced.

What Am I Sitting On? User Knowledge Of Their Chair Controls

This study tested user knowledge and the use of the controls for their work chairs for a volunteer sample of 1004 office workers who were randomly selected for survey from 23 different companies and who were sitting on one of a total of 60 different ergonomic office chairs. Results showed that with the exception of seat height and armrest adjustment, only a small minority of users had accurate knowledge about the controls on their chair. Even when users correctly identified a chair control, less than 50% said they had ever used that control. There was no effect of ergonomics chair training on user perceived chair comfort. Those who had received previous training for an ergonomic chair reported less frequent musculoskeletal discomfort than those with no training or with specific training on their current. Users who sat on chairs with 3 or fewer controls reported significantly less frequent musculoskeletal discomfort than those sitting on more complex chairs with 4 or more controls. Overall, the results show that up to two thirds of users knew about their controls for adjusting seat height, seat depth and armrest height, but most users were unaware of controls for other functions. The implications for chair design are discussed.

Design of Multi-Function Fashion Chair Based on Human Factors Engineering

Based on the current status of the development of the chair on the market, taking human engineering research as the starting point of design, existing defects and problems of existing chairs as a starting point, so as to design a multifunctional fashion chair. It not only has the function of chairs, but also increases the function of modern subsidiary, make it better and more convenient to be used by modern people. So which not only improves the comfort of the chair and more humane. Chinese Economic Reform, china's national economy has been developing fast, people's living standard has been gradually improved. Now people are longing for a better life, this is also evident in the choice of daily furniture and requirements. In this paper, the existing problems in the use of chairs are investigated and analyzed. We redesign chairs with the concept of practicability and functionality, research the structure of the chair to expand the function of chairs. When it is placed in the home or office, it will has lots of application and is easy to be used.