Chain-link Fence Research Articles

Effect of Housing on Physiological Responses and Energy Expenditure of Sheep in a Semi-arid Region of India

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of two housing systems on physiological responses and energy expenditure of sheep in a semi-arid region of India. Two types of housing management were adopted. First was a shed- 6×3 m 2 structure with all the four sides of 1.8 m chain link fencing with a central height of 3 m. The roof was covered with asbestos sheets and with mud floorings. Second was an open corral- 6×3 m 2 open space with all the four sides covered with 1.8 m chain link fencing. Thirty-four (32 ewes and 2 rams) sheep of native Malpura breed aged about 18 months (body weight 28 kg ewes; 35 kg rams) were grazed together on a 35 ha plot of native range. All the sheep were grazed as a flock from 08.00 to 17.00 h during a yearlong study. The flock was divided into two groups (16 ewes+1 ram) in the evening and housed as per the systems (Shed and Open Corral). Dry and wet temperatures were recorded at 06.00 h and 21.00 h using a wet and dry bulb-thermometer both inside the shed and in the open corral and temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated. There was significant (p<0.05) difference in the THI between shed and open corral in all the seasons, indicating that shed was always warmer compared to open corral. Rectal temperature (RT) of both the groups of sheep was similar during morning as well as evening throughout the seasons. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the skin temperature (ST) and respiration rate (RR) between the two groups at both the measurements in all the seasons. Highest energy expenditure (EE) was recorded inside the shed at 21.00 h (224 kJ/h) during monsoon and lowest at 6.00 h during winter (119 kJ/h). There was a significant (p<0.05) difference between the EE inside the shed and that in the open corral. It was concluded that housing had significant effects on the physiological responses and EE of sheep. Provision of housing at night was stressful during monsoon (with less rainfall) and summer, whereas it was protecting the sheep from acute cold during winter in a semi-arid region of India. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 8 : 1188-1193)

Probable source of Neospora caninum infection in an abortion outbreak in dairy cows

A small dairy had an outbreak of neosporosis. One-third of pregnant cows aborted or gave birth to a weak, premature calf over a period of 11 weeks. Serologic results of a Neospora caninum avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test were indicative of widespread, recently acquired infections in the cows and also in the farm dog. This dog was accustomed to sleeping and defecating in a pile of chopped hay used in the total mixed dairy ration, so it was a possible vector of infection in this outbreak. Replacement heifers, which did not consume the mixed ration or the chopped hay, had a low seroprevalence to N. caninum and did not have abortions. A new isolate of N. caninum, designated NC-Illinois, was obtained from a premature calf. The circumstances at this dairy illustrate a specific management factor that could help prevent outbreaks of neosporosis. To reduce the risk of infecting cattle with N. caninum, dogs and coyotes, which are definitive hosts of this parasite, should be prevented from defecating in stored feedstuffs. The small dairy in this study might have prevented the outbreak by simply keeping the door to the hay room closed. Large dairies could prevent contamination of stored feedstuffs by erecting a chain-link fence with automatic gates around the area where piles of silage and commodities are kept.

Monster of God: the man-eating predator in the jungles of history and the mind

For millennia, lions, tigers and their man-eating kin have kept our dark, scary forests dark and scary and their predatory majesty has been the stuff of folklore. But by the year 2150, big predators may only exist on the other side of glass barriers and chain-link fences. Their gradual disappearance is changing the very nature of our existence. We no longer occupy an intermediate position on the food chain; instead we survey it invulnerably from above - so far above that we are in danger of forgetting that we even belong to an ecosystem. Casting his eye over the rapidly diminishing areas of wilderness where predators still reign, David Quammen examines the fate of lions in India's Gir forest, of saltwater crocodiles in northern Australia, of brown bears in the mountains of Romania and of Siberian tigers in the Russian Far East. In the poigant and troublesome ferocity of these embattled creatures, we recognise something primeval deep within us, something in danger of vanishing forever.

Studies on Feed Intake and Nutrient Utilization of Sheep under Two Housing Systems in a Semi-arid Region of India

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of two housing systems on feed intake and nutrient utilization of sheep in a semi-arid region of India. Two types of housing managements were adopted. The first was a shed- 20'×10' structure with all the four sides of 6 'chain link fencing with central height of 10'. The roof was covered with asbestos sheets, with mud floorings. The second was an open corral- 20'×10' open space with all the four sides covered with 6' chain link fencing. Thirty-four (32 ewes and 2 rams) sheep were grazed together on a 35 ha plot of native range. All the sheep were grazed as a flock from 08:00 to 17:00 h during the yearlong study. The flock was divided into two groups (16 ewes+1 ram) in the evening and housed according to two housing systems (Shed and Open Corral). Three digestion trials were conducted during three defined seasons of monsoon, winter and summer seasons to determine the effect of housing on nutrient intake and utilization. Blood samples were collected in three seasons for the estimation of hemoglobin and glucose. Dry and wet bulb temperatures were recorded at 06:00 A.M. and 09:00 P.M. using suitable thermometers both inside the shed and in the open corral and temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated. There was significant (p 0.05). The digestibility of DM was 45.92, 45.13 and 50.30 in sheep housed under shed and 43.64, 45.02 and 55.02 in sheep housed in open corral during monsoon, winter and summer seasons, respectively. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in the digestibility of nutrients in sheep maintained under shed and in open corral. Blood Hb concentration was 13.97, 14.13 and 13.15 in sheep housed under shed and 15.27, 13.63 and 14.82 in those kept in open corral, whereas blood glucose concentration was 59.67, 59.70 and 52.33 in sheep under shed and 61.00, 61.00 and 57.83 in open corral, during monsoon, winter and summer, respectively. There was also no significant effect of housing on the body weight changes, wool yield and survivability in ewes. Although housing had no significant effect on nutrient intake, their utilization and blood parameters, there was significant effect on the physiological responses and energy expenditure of sheep maintained under the two housing systems (Bhatta et al., 2004). It can be concluded from this study that the housing systems didn't have any significant effect on the nutrient intake and utilization of native breed like Malpura, which were well adapted to the hot semi-arid conditions of India. However, while deciding provisions for housing of different breeds of sheep (both crossbred and native) parameters like physiological responses, energy expenditure, health conditions and overall economics of the systems should be taken into consideration. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 6 : 814-819)

Strongly luminescent three-coordinate gold(I) polymers: 1D chain-link fence and 2D chickenwire structures.

Strongly luminescent three-coordinate gold(I) polymers: 1D chain-link fence and 2D chickenwire structures.

REDUCTION OF BADGER (MELES MELES) SETTS DAMAGE TO ARTIFICIAL ELEMENTS OF THE TERRITORY

Abstract In the Alessandria section of the Turin railway-basin (northern Italy), the presence of the badger ( Meles meles ) setts in railway embankments causes progressive track subsidence. Rail traffic is dangerous and continuous maintenance and surveillance are required. In the past, the problem was managed without success, by trying to damage and disturb the setts. In 1997 the Italian Railways decided to promote some specific research. Four used setts have been found along the surveyed lines. The choice of a suitable site to dig the sett appears to be influenced only by pedological parameters. A comparison of used and unused banks revealed that soils with significantly lower percentages of gravel and higher percentages of fine sands are preferred. Badgers have been deterred from using one of the found setts, and successively the railway embankment has been covered with chain link fencing. Methods and results are discussed.

The Los Angeles River: Its Life, Death, and Possible Rebirth

From its beginnings in the suburbs of the San Fernando Valley to its mouth at the Pacific Ocean, the Los Angeles River is made almost entirely of concrete. Chain-link fence and barbed wire line its course. Graffiti marks its banks. Discarded sofas, shopping trolleys and litter line its channel. Little water flows in the river most of the year. According to the author of this text, this image belies the river's eventful history and its importance to the development of Southern California. Three centuries ago, he explains, the river meandered through marshes and forests of willow and sycamore. Trout spawned in its waters and grizzly bears roamed its shores. The river and adjacent woodlands helped support one of the largest concentrations of Indians in North America. It also largely determined the location of the city of Los Angeles. The river was the city's sole source of water for more than a century, providing drinking water and irrigating its vineyards and orange groves. At the heart of Gumprecht's story are the dramatic changes brought by the flood control projects that have made the Los Angeles River what it is today. The river was prone to flooding and repeated catastrophic floods in the 19th and 20th centuries led to the creation of a regional flood control programme. Gumprecht describes the complex and controversial process by which the river was straightened, deepened and widened, and its new channel lined with concrete. Though flood control turned the river into an eyesore, large parts of Los Angeles could not have been developed if its nature had not been controlled. He argues, moreover, that public perceptions of the river helped doom it to a concrete coffin.

Quantum Calorimetry

Your opponent's serve was almost perfect, but you vigorously returned it beyond his outstretched racquet to win the point. Now the tennis ball sits wedged in the chain-link fence around the court. What happened to the ball's kinetic energy? It has gone to heat the fence, of course, and you realize that if the fence were quite a bit colder, you might be able to measure that heat and determine just how energetic your swing really was.

Implications of brown tree snake captures from fences

The capture of brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) from fence lines in the vicinities of air and sea ports is an important component of the integrated approach used for curtailing the dispersal of the species from Guam. Use of fences by brown tree snakes was characterised from over 600 captures of snakes during spotlight searches. Two construction designs of chain-link fences were searched, the difference being whether a horizontal bar or a steel cable was used to support the chain link on top. Both fence designs had snakes concentrated at the fence tops – fences having top bars produced 92% of captures on the top third of the chain link, the top bar, or the parallel barbed-wire strands above the fence; fences without top bars produced 82% of captures from the top third of the chain link or the wires above it. Most snakes were found in a horizontal position and no general trends were found through the night for when snakes ascend or descend the fences. To help concentrate snakes at the tops of fences for facilitating control efforts, we recommend the use of a horizontal bar to support the chain link on top, as well as the use of parallel barbed- wire strands above the fence. We discuss management implications for using searches of fences to control brown tree snakes and to detect new brown tree snake populations in other locales.

Behavioral changes associated with introductions of male maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) to females with pups

Three male maned wolves were successfully introduced to their mates and 7- to 12-week-old pups at the Houston Zoological Gardens and Fossil Rim Wildlife Center in 1994 and 1995. The introductions took 3–7 weeks and had three stages: 1) allowing the male to see the female and pups through a chain-link panel or a full chain-link fence, 2) introducing the male and female without the pups present, and 3) introducing the male to the pups. For 7 days before Stage 2 and 7 days during Stage 3, the adults were observed for 150 hr. The amount of time they spent active and the amount of time they spent near the pups were recorded, as well as all behaviors they directed to the pups. After the males were introduced, the females' activity decreased, and the males' activity increased. The females spent less time near the pups after the introduction. The introduction did not affect the females' rates of affiliative or aggressive behaviors to the pups, and there was no difference between males' and females' rates of affiliative or aggressive behaviors. This introduction procedure offers an alternative to leaving the male with the pups from the time they are born. The adults' behavioral changes after the introduction show the benefits that occur when captive male maned wolves are allowed to help rear their pups. Zoo Biol 18:189–197, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Learning and development in the context(s) of leadership preparation

From the street, Carson Middle School looks rather austere. The three-story red brick building sits on part of a city block surrounded by an 8-foot chain-link fence separating the schoolfrom a neighborhood many wouldfind undesirable. One wonders if thefence is intended to keep people in or out. After parking in front of the building, my colleague and I approached the front of the building and noticed the school name and date above the entry doors. Just inside were two stairwells, one to the left and one to the right, each leading down to a lower level. No signs were posted indicating the location of Jan's office. As we descended the stairs to the right, we noticed a large bundle of coaxial cable at ceiling level spanning the length of the hallway. Wefound Jan's office, entered, introduced ourselves to a woman seated behind the counter, and were informed that Jan would meet with us shortly. Jan greeted us and invited us into her office. The outer office was decorated in a cat motif, representing what we assumed to be an affinity of the secretary. Artifacts representing civic and sports involvement were displayed in Jan's office. Jan began the conversation by telling us about remarkable improvements in the school and student achievement during her tenure at Carson. Although she was unquestionably proud of these accomplishments, she gave much of the

Multiple impalement with survival

An unusual case of multiple impalement by chain-link fence posts is presented in which facial, thoracic, and abdominal injuries were sustained following a rollover motor vehicle crash. Torso impalement injuries are briefly reviewed and guidelines for the management of such injuries are described.

Yearbook Signing Day

from class for yearbook signing. seniors first, then juniors and down the line. About every twenty minutes, Jery one of the vice principals, comes over the PA and says, Will teachers please release the next class to pick up their yearbooks and accompany their students to the football I have juniors, American Lit, in the afternoon. We all troop out together. At the field, the atmosphere is festive. A clear, sunny day, and the counselors have opened the concession stand and are giving away sodas. Cross Country coach is selling ice cream to fund his program. Wrestling coach sells suckers. Debate coach-candy bars; the Drama club-jawbreakers. Two boys in the press box are playing music over the loudspeakers, and it drifts to every corner of the field. I have papers to grade-poems actually, the last set from my Creative Writing class. I head for the highest, farthest corner of the bleachers. From up there, the whole place sprawls before me. It isn't long before I'm not grading, but watching. kids wander and gather in clumps on the grass. clumps, themselves, flex and move, taking in some kids, letting others go. From where I sit, these circles remind me of chemistry class-molecules-attracting atoms, losing atoms. In those circles, kids sit cross-legged or lie on their bellies in the green grass and sign each other's yearbooks. They promise never to forget. They haven't yet learned the impossibility of that word-never. I try to remember all the people, places, times that I swore I'd never forget-all the things I've done that I'd never do, things that happened that I'd never let happen. They write, Best wishes, to each other, and Good luck, Wasn't it a rush, Class of 95 rules, Hey man didn't we kick ass. They write, Remember, Remember. Nearly two thousand kids writing words they mean so much at this moment-words that they believe and want to make true-so perhaps they are. They write lines of poetry, sentences, paragraphs-everybody writing furiously and saying what they mean. I wish the back to basics crowd could see it-all this writing. Already these kids are looking back with nostalgia, remembering mostly what was best, games and dances, parties, friends, falling in love, a class or two I hope, a poem perhaps-something by Frost, just The Road Not Taken. And they are looking ahead, outward, past the chain link fence around the field. They are looking through the weave of wire to the future waiting out on the horizon. It still seems far off to them-that future-college, careers, marriage, their own children being born, going off to school, one day signing yearbooks. But the future comes faster than any of us imagined, becomes the present in a breath. past in another. I want to shake them, tell them to be ready, but it's better if they are surprised. I'm watching a little girl, a tiny child, barely five feet tall in a white maternity dress. Her belly full of the child that will be born before Independence Day. She's at least into her 8th month, but I wouldn't be surprised if she went into labor at any moment. I keep expecting water to break. She's so small and thin to begin with that she'd look comical like a black and white cartoon character from the 40s-if it wasn't so damned serious, this business of bringing life into the world. She rests her spread hand on her belly, perhaps feeling the baby shift, kicking, as all of them are kicking to be born into the world, kicking to get out there, take their place, be part of the joy and the grief. Between looks, I try to grade the poems, to find words that will matter as much as the

Hope to Die a Dope Fiend

Cultural AnthropologyVolume 10, Issue 4 p. 587-593 Hope to Die a Dope Fiend Charles Pearson, Charles Pearson San Francisco Urban InstituteSearch for more papers by this authorPhilippe Bourgois, Philippe Bourgois San Francisco Urban Institute Department of Anthropology San Francisco State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Charles Pearson, Charles Pearson San Francisco Urban InstituteSearch for more papers by this authorPhilippe Bourgois, Philippe Bourgois San Francisco Urban Institute Department of Anthropology San Francisco State UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1995 https://doi.org/10.1525/can.1995.10.4.02a00060Citations: 6AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume10, Issue4November 1995Pages 587-593 RelatedInformation

Building block ligands for new molecular conductors: homobimetallic tetrathiafulvalene tetrathiolates and metal diselenolenes and ditellurolenes

Important building block ligands such as 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolate (dmit) and ethene-1,2-dithiolate (thiolene) form metal complexes that have been found to exhibit metallic conductivity and superconductivity. The syntheses of three well defined building block ligands that can lead to new molecular conductors and the synthesis and characterization of four new metal complexes of these ligands are presented. The ligands are tetrathiafulvalene tetrathiolate (2), ethene-1,2-diselenolate (9)(diselenolene) and ethene-1,2-ditellurolate (6)(ditellurolene); the metal complexes are a Ti complex, (PriC5H4)2Ti[S2TTFS2]Ti(PriC5H4)2·1.5C6H6(3), an Ni complex, (dppp)Ni[S2TTFS2]Ni(dppp)(4), a Pt–diselenolene complex, Pt(Se2C2H2)(PPh3)2(10) and a Pt–ditellurolene complex Pt(Te2C2H2)(PPh3)2(8). The X-ray crystal structure of (PriC5H4)2Ti[S2TTFS2]Ti(PriC5H4)2·1.5C6H6(3) and its interesting chain-link fence crystal packing are also presented. These ligands represent opportunities to produce a whole new class of molecular conductors.

The evolution of a plane mixing layer with spanwise nonuniform forcing

The experimental studies of Nygaard and Glezer (AIAA Paper No. AIAA-91-0625, 1991) show that vortical structures shaped like a ‘‘chain-link fence’’ form in a plane mixing layer subjected to spanwise nonuniform phase excitation. Using direct numerical simulation of temporally evolving mixing layers, initial conditions have been developed that result in flows with vortex structures similar to those observed in the experiments. The simplest initial condition that leads to the experimentally observed structures is composed of a pair of equal-strength oblique disturbances and this initial condition is a low-order Fourier approximation to the square-wave excitation used in the experiments. This simple disturbance suggests an explanation for the short wavelength cutoff observed in the experiments and allows comparison with previous stability analyses. The simulated flow fields show that the chain-link-fence vortex structures are different from the usual rib/roller mixing layer structures. Furthermore, detailed examination of the overlap region between adjacent structures shows that ‘‘local pairing’’ does not occur in the chain-link-fence flow due to strong self-induction effects. By increasing the spanwise wavelength, self-induction effects can be delayed and regions of local pairing are observed. However, the local pairings do not lead to a single amalgamated vortex at late times as is observed in two-dimensional pairings. Finally, it is shown that the chain-link-fence flow produces increased mixing compared to standard rib/roller flows.

Graphing Multiple Comparisons: Some Comments on Tukey

Tukey's driveway curves sharply off Arreton Drive before swooping past some yews tightly wrapped in chain-link fence. Then it pauses briefly by a traditional white house before rushing to halt, finally, in a clatter by front of his workshop, situated in rear. It has been almost 20 years to day since last visited here (Wainer 1974) and noticed some changes as got out of my car and walked up to door. The basic structure of Tukey's workshop seemed same. The roof was still bellshaped, although top seemed lower than remembered and walls farther apart. The greenhouse was still attached on right side, and could see all of John's stems and leaves growing there in profusion, neatly categorized in their respective boxplots. They were of a different design than remembered, appearing to have been cinched in at middle. Otherwise, things looked more or less same. In front of workshop was same old refuse container, overflowing with outlying points that had been trimmed away. rang doorbell and, as waited for to answer, noticed for first time that a large cube-shaped addition with windows looking out in all directions had been built on left side of workshop. I wonder what John's doing with extra space? The door opened and was greeted by Elizabeth Tukey, who told me that was in his new study working on four- dimensional displays. Ah hah, thought, the new study must be She led me past John's worktable on which sat his trustworthy jackknife, open and ready for use. We squeezed by a ladder of transformations that leaned against one wall and went alongside a shelf full of hinges and associated midspreads of various sizes. Finally, we reached a doorway that led to new addition. Elizabeth opened it and we entered a large room with windows on all four sides. It was almost completely empty. Elizabeth said something about addition having only just been completed and consequently they hadn't had time to furnish it fully. remarked on how handsome it looked and she replied, John designed it. He calls it 'Tess's Act.' don't know what

Women under Fire: Public Housing Activism in Los Angeles

Blackened and twisted metal remains; only the remnants of charred signs reveal that the fire destroyed a check-cashing store, a laundromat, a market. Stripped gas pumps and boarded-up convenience stores are surrounded by chain-link fences. Many lots are entirely cleared of debris; other stores are open for business but with few goods inside. For women who live in South Central Los Angeles, this landscape translates into longer trips and more time spent to get money, find food, clean their clothes, and take care of their households. For them, life shifted and became harder in the aftermath of fires following the April 29, 1992, verdict in which jurors in the Simi Valley courthouse acquitted four Los Angeles policemen in the beating of Rodney King. The Bush administration responded lukewarmly to the underlying conditions of poverty and racism that contributed to the burning and looting. They recycled policies. Public housing became one focus as Bush reluctantly supported Jack Kemp. Kemp, the secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), has been pushing a policy to convert renters to home owners and get government out of public housing. Any attention to public housing is a de facto recognition of a largely woman's world. In South Central Los Angeles, where five public housing developments are in relatively close proximity to each other, just such a concentrated women's world exists. Public housing is primarily inhabited by women of color and their children. Among the residents are leaders for whom positive attention is long overdue. These women have been fighting for years

The visual potential: One convex polygon

We examine the visual potential of a single convex polygon with n faces. The visual potential (also called the aspect graph) is a mathematical representation of the stable views of a polygon and the abrupt changes in stable views brought about by moving the viewpoint. Stable views, aspects , are described by the topological structure-incidence relations-of the visible vertices and faces which are projected onto the retina of a cyclopian eye. While the metrical structure may vary, the topological structure is invariant to most small changes in viewpoint. Abrupt changes in aspect, visual events , correspond to the appearance and disappearance of vertices and faces. For a convex polygon visual events occur when the viewpoint crosses any line containing a face of the polygon. These lines partition the space around the object into regions. All viewpoints within a region see the same aspect. Aspects and visual events correspond respectively to the nodes and edges of a graph that represents the visual potential. A given visual potential describes a class of object instances which have the same shape or surface topology. When metrical attributes such as scale, length, and angle are added to the class description a particular instance of the object class is realized. We examine the local and global structure of the visual potential and prove that a cylindrical chain link fence can serve as its underlying manifold. In addition we obtain an optimal algorithm, O ( n ), for finding the maximal aspects , a set of aspects which encode the entire visual potential, and an O ( n 2 ) algorithm for generating the entire visual potential from these maximal aspects. We also give bounds on the number of isomorphism classes (i.e., number of shapes) for convex polygons with a fixed number of faces. We discuss realizability of visual potentials, relationship to other representations, extension to three dimensions, and an extension for a class of non-convex polygons.

Macroinvertebrate and periphyton response to streambed agitation for release of substrate-trapped hydrocarbons

Following a spill of more than 94.4 m3 of unleaded gasoline into Wolf Lodge Creek in northern Idaho, impacted areas were mechanically agitated to release substrate-trapped hydrocarbons by dragging a bulldozer blade with a tightly wound chainlink fence attached to it backward over the substrate. Portions of two riffles were left unagitated to determine if differential recovery of benthic macroinvertebrates and periphyton in cleaned vs uncleaned areas of the stream would occur. Chlorophyll a concentrations and densities of most macroinvertebrates were significantly lower (P ⩽ 0.05) in raked areas 12 days after stream cleaning. However, macroinvertebrate and periphyton community compositions were very similar 1 month after stream cleaning and for the remainder of the study. In spite of similar recovery times of macroinvertebrates and periphyton in raked and nonraked areas, the cleaning process is viewed as beneficial because it minimized possible chronic effects on the biota without causing substantial additional impact.