Chaetomorpha Antennina Research Articles

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Chaetomorpha antennina (Boryde Saint-Vincent) Kutzing with Its Antibacterial Activity and Ecological Implication

The aqueous extract of green seaweed, Chaetomorpha antennina was used for the biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles. The Silver Nanoparticles were formed due to the reduction of silver nitrate to aqueous silver ions in the presence of seaweed extract. The synthesized silver Nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles were assayed for its antibacterial activity which recorded that it had the highest activity against Escherichia coli, the zone of inhibition was 1.16 ± 0.00 cm, the next highest inhibitory activity was found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.81 ± 0.06 cm) and also quite good zone of inhibition was found against Klebsiella pneumoniae (0.44 ± 0.07 cm), and Proteus mirabilis (0.2 ± 0.06 cm), in comparison to the positive control of Chloramphenicol (5 mg/ml) and 1 mM AgNO3 solution as negative control. The Phyto-toxicity of biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles were analysed by evaluating its effects on seed germination of Abelmoschus esculentus and Raphanus sativus var. longinnatus seeds which showed that biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles had excellent promoting effect on seed germination and the seedling growth on both seeds.

Antidiabetic studies of Chaetomorpha antennina extract using experimental models

Chaetomorpha antennina is a marine green alga found abundantly on the southern coast of India. This study explores the efficacy of C. antennina extracts in the management of diabetes using in vitro and in vivo models. The algal metabolites were extracted using various solvents and evaluated for inhibitory effect against key metabolic enzymes involved in blood sugar management and antioxidant property. Among the various extracts, methanolic extract of C. antennina (MECA) was found to be effective in all the inhibitory assays including, α-amylase (IC50 525.8 μg mL−1), α-glucosidase (IC50 121.3 μg mL−1), DPP-IV (IC50 24.92 μg mL−1) and antioxidant activity using DPPH (38 %) under in vitro conditions. In toxicity assays, MECA was nontoxic against mouse macrophage cells (J774) and red blood cells. Further, in vivo studies of MECA (250 mg kg−1 B.wt) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for a period of 28 days reduced the fasting blood glucose level to 39.97 % and that of positive control glibenclamide (0.25 mg kg−1 B.wt) was 73.05 % respectively. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and AST were significantly decreased after 28 days of MECA treatment. GC-MS analysis of MECA showed the presence of ascorbic acid, octadecadienoate and fucosterol which were already identified for antidiabetic action. Overall, this study shows that the MECA exhibits antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Therefore, MECA can be considered for further studies to evaluate its mechanism for the effective management of diabetes.

In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Chaetomorpha antennina against Biofilm and Beta Lactamase Producing Food Isolates

In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Chaetomorpha antennina against Biofilm and Beta Lactamase Producing Food Isolates

Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Chaetomorpha antennina against shrimp pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Antioxidants are increasingly being recommended because they act directly on oxidative processes and may prevent diseases and problems associated with disease control and aging. Therefore, there is a constant search for antioxidants from natural sources for the isolation of antioxidant biomolecules. Seaweeds are an excellent source of natural antioxidant bioactive compounds which can be used as dietary supplements or as antioxidants in controlling bacterial infection in aquaculture farms as well as in the food industry. A great deal of effort has therefore focused on using available techniques to identify natural antioxidants from seaweeds. The aim of the present study was to analyse the bioactive compounds extracted from ethanol extract of the seaweed Chaetomorpha antennina by GC–MS study and to evaluate its antioxidant and antibacterial activities for controlling bacterial infection in shrimp pathogens through immersion and intramuscular infection study. The antioxidant activity of the selected seaweed was estimated in order to evaluate the efficiency of its ethanol extract since this will help in finding novel bioactive compounds with antioxidant & radical scavenging properties, which in turn can reveal the unexploited properties of this seaweed which could be used in the food and pharmaceutical industry.

Cadmium and copper toxicity in three marine macroalgae: evaluation of the biochemical responses and DNA damage.

Marine macroalgae have evolved a different mechanism to maintain physiological concentrations of essential metal ions and non-essential metals. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the antioxidant response and DNA damage of copper and cadmium ions in three halophytes, namely, Acanthophora spicifera, Chaetomorpha antennina, and Ulva reticulata. Accumulation of copper was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of cadmium. Biochemical responses showed that copper was considerably more toxic than cadmium (P < 0.05). Decreases in glutathione content and fluctuations of super oxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were observed corresponding to time and concentration of exposure. Interestingly, it was also observed that antioxidant levels decreased as a result of metal accumulation, which may be due to free radicals generated by copper and cadmium in seaweeds. The present study also showed that copper and cadmium increased oxidative stress and induced antioxidant defense systems against reactive oxygen species. The order of toxicity for metals in the studied seaweeds was U. reticulata > A. spicifera > C. antennina. DNA damage index analysis supported that copper was significantly (P < 0.05) more toxic than cadmium. Bioaccumulation, biochemical responses, and DNA damage observed in the here analyzed marine macroalgae after exposure to selected metals indicate that these marine organisms represent useful bioindicators of marine pollution.

Nano-Ordered Cellulose Containing Iα Crystalline Domains Derived from the Algae Chaetomorpha antennina

Nano-crystalline cellulose (NCC) with high content of Iα domains are generated by treatment of cellulose microfibrils from the algae Chaetomorpha antennina with 80 % H2SO4 followed by ethanolic precipitation. X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analyses have revealed that the NCCs produced are highly crystalline and predominantly composed of the Iα allomorph, which indicate the selective dissolution of Iα fragments. AFM images shows that the NCCs produced are of 60–70-nm thickness and of variable length depending on the concentration. The well-dispersed suspension of 1-mg NCC in 10-mL distilled water shows a highly networked structure, which expand its applications over various fields especially in nano-medicine.

Larvicidal activity of seaweeds from northeastern Brazil and of a halogenated sesquiterpene against the dengue mosquito (Aedes aegypti)

Aedes aegypti is considered to be the main vector of a group of arboviruses responsible for dengue and yellow fever. In an attempt to find natural products that could be employed in the effective control of the dengue mosquito, the larvicidal activities of crude extracts obtained from 15 seaweed species collected from northeastern Brazil have been determined. Extracts of Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Laurencia dendroidea, Hypnea musciformis and Chaetomorpha antennina at concentrations of 300ppm showed ≥50% mortality against fourth instar larvae of A. aegypti. The strongest larvicidal activities (>91% mortality at 50ppm) were obtained with extracts of L. dendroidea. A halogenated sesquiterpene, identified as elatol, was isolated by sequential fractionation of the n-hexane extract of this species of seaweed, and the isolated compound exhibited potent larvicidal activity with an LC50 value of 10.7ppm. The isolation of elatol from seaweed could represent an interesting prospect for a novel agent against the dengue mosquito.

Isolation and screening of bioactive principle from Chaetomorpha antennina against certain bacterial strains

Microbial pathogens develop resistance to a particular antibiotic after repeated administration during the treatment of infectious diseases. Moreover, multiple drug resistance is a very common problem especially in hospital acquired infections. Therefore, it is necessary to find out alternative antibacterial drugs and the present trend is focused on seaweeds. This preliminary research work was carried out to find out the antibacterial activity of petroleum ether extract of Chaetomorpha antennina. The extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 121, Bacillus cereus MTCC 492, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 530, Escherichia coli MTCC 443 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 779 by agar well diffusion technique. It was observed that petroleum ether extract showed prominent zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus even at 50μg/ml concentration. The maximum spectrum of activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 7.3±0.8 to 18±2.4mm at the concentration 50 to 500μg/ml, respectively. Hence the most susceptible bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus among the tested organisms. However, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are also susceptible. But the Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae are resistant against the tested extract.

Mosquito larvicidal efficacy of phenolic acids of seaweed Chaetomorpha antennina (Bory) Kuetz. against Aedes aegypti

Mosquito larvicidal and repellent activities of phenolic acids of Chaetomorpha antennina (Bory) Kuetz. against the third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti were investigated. The larval mortality was observed after 24 h exposure. Results of mosquito larvicidal tests revealed that insoluble bound phenolic acids and soluble conjugated phenolic acid fractions of C. antennina had an excellent inhibitory effect against A. aegypti and its LC50 values were 23.4 and 44.6 µ gm l −1 , respectively. The repellency assay of insoluble bound phenolic acids and soluble conjugated phenolic acid fractions of C. antennina, at 10 µ gc m −2 concentration gave 100% protection up to 120 min. The results indicate that phenolic acids of C. antennina

In vitro antiplasmodial activity of methanolic extracts from seaweeds of South West Coast of India

To identify the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of seaweed plants against Plasmodium falciparumstrains. A total of eight seaweeds were collected from Kanyakumari district, Tamilnadu, India. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity was performed in 96 well plates against Plasmodium falciparum, and preliminary phytochemcial analysis were performed for the extracts. Of the selected plants Enteromorpha intestinalis (2.61%) showed maximum percentage of extraction. The minimum concentration of inhibitory (IC50) value was observed with Chaetomorpha antennina [(26.37±4.14) μg/mL] further, the positive controls such as chloroquine and artemether showed antiplasmodial activities (IC50) with (19.10±5.93) and (6.03±0.21) μg/mL concentrations, respectively. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the seaweed extracts showed a variety of phytochemical constituents such as carboxylic acids, phenols, protein, resins, steroids and sugars. The antiplasmodial activity of the seaweed extract might due to the presence of sugars and phenolic compounds. From the present findings, it is concluded that, the seaweed extract of Chaetomorpha antennina can be further used as a putative antiplasmodial drugs in near future.

Antiplasmodial activity of two marine polyherbal preparations from Chaetomorpha antennina and Aegiceras corniculatum against Plasmodium falciparum

The ocean covers more than 70% of earth surface and hosts most 300,000 described species of plants and animals to use, which have been virtually unexploited for the development of medicines. Marine plants are the good source of biologically active entities which exhibit therapeutic properties, when applied single or in combination of different plant extracts (polyherbal). Polyherbal preparations are always a complex mixture of different forms and thus different compounds, which might act as agonistic, synergistic, complementary, antagonistic or toxic way. The present study was initially carried out to test the antiplasmodial activity of 13 mangrove plants and eight seaweeds species distributed along the coast of south India. Of these, mangrove species Aegiceras corniculatum and the seaweed species Chaetomorpha antennina have shown maximum antiplasmodial activity. Hence, the present study was mooted out to increase the percentage of antiplasmodial activity when applied as polyherbal preparations. The effect of marine polyherbal preparations from the methanolic extracts of two marine plants A. corniculatum and C. antennina for their antiplasmodial activity was tested. It shows that the polyherbal extract showed 63.50 ± 0.408% suppression of parasitaemia against Plasmodium falciparum at 1.5 mg ml⁻¹ concentration. In vivo test was carried out with rat animal model to find out the effectiveness of the polyherbal extracts in the live system, which reveals that polyherbal extracts have exhibited remarkable antiplasmodial activity (50.57 ± 0.465%) against Plasmodium berghei at 120 mg kg⁻¹ bw. This study shows that combinations of mangrove plants and seaweeds extracts had a source of lead compounds for the development of new drugs for the treatment of malaria.

Detrimental Effects on Coastal Concrete Structures by Chaetomorpha Antennina

Durability-related problem of any structure is a very important issue that cannot be overlooked, particularly for the structures located in coastal regions. In the coastal region the deterioration of structures often occurs due to aging, chloride ingress, etc., but the actions of living organisms are often underestimated. So a proper design of new structures and maintenance of old structures are essential since deterioration causes not only fatality but also economic burden to mankind. This paper focuses on the biodeterioration of coastal structures by marine algae (especially marine chlorophyceae Chaetomorpha antennina). To know its effect, the basic mechanism by which Chaetomorpha antennina deteriorates concrete structures has been highlighted. To ascertain the detrimental effect by marine algae Chaetomorpha antennina on coastal concrete structures, M20 grade concrete cubes were casted and kept in the coastal area where there is abundant growth of Chaetomorpha antennina. To examine the extent of deterioration done by Chaetomorpha antennina on concrete surface, samples were collected from the M20 grade concrete cubes kept in the coastal area. The collected samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x ray, and x-ray diffraction to establish the degree of deterioration done by marine algae on concrete surface. The result showed that there is sustainable effect by the marine algae on the concrete surface.

Facile preparation of Chaetomorpha antennina based porous polysaccharide–PMMA hybrid material by radical polymerization under microwave irradiation

A hybrid material was prepared from the hot water soluble sulphated polysaccharide of the green seaweed Chaetomorpha antennina (CMsps) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) by radical polymerization in aqueous medium under microwave irradiation. An insoluble material was formed with the progress of the polymerization. The product was characterized by the IR spectrum and elemental analysis, as well as by acid hydrolysis followed by mass spectrum of the hydrolysate of the hybrid CMsps–PMMA for confirming the insertion of PMMA. Comprehensive characterization of the product included TGA, XRD, ESI-MS and BET surface analysis. The hybrid material was porous, and formed gel in water–DMSO mixture. It had the crystallinity index of 0.122, and had BET pore diameter of 3.71 nm, a size which is far larger than the molecular diameters of common natural gases and zeolites (0.5–1.0 nm). This material may be useful in the domain of certain adsorption and catalytic applications.

Biodeterioration of coastal concrete structures by Macro algae - Chaetomorpha antennina

Puducherry is a coastal region in India where the growth of Chaetomorpha antennina is very abundant on all marine concrete structures. Though the detrimental effect of this Macro algaeChaetomorpha antennina is secondary, its effect has to be ascertained. To know its effect, M20 grade concrete cubes were cast and kept in the coastal area where there is abundant growth of Chaetomorpha antennina and also laboratory simulation has been carried out. The basic mechanism by which Chaetomorpha antennina deteriorates concrete structures has been highlighted and also the detrimental effect on the algal grown concrete surface were ascertained using SEM, EDX and XRD. The result showed that there is sustainable effect by the marine algae on the concrete surface.

Antimicrobial activity of seaweeds extracts against multiresistant pathogens

Fourteen seaweeds collected from the intertidal zone of Southwest coast of India were tested against ten human pathogen bacteria and one human pathogen fungus using the well diffusion test in the casitone agar medium. The species used in the present study include five Chlorophyta (Bryopsis plumosa, Ulva fasciata, Acrosiphonia orientalis, Chaetomorpha antennina, Grateloupia filicina), five Rhodophyta (Hypnea pannosa, Gracilaria corticata, Centroceras clavulatum, Portieria hornemannii, Cheilosporum spectabile) and four Phaeophyta (Padina tetrastromatica, Sargassum wightii, Stocheospermum marginatum, Chnoospora bicanaliculata). Of these, seven species were determined to be highly bioactive and screened on the multiresistant pathogens. We found that drying process has eliminated the active principles in the seaweeds. In the present study, methanol:toluene (3∶1) was found to be the best solvent for extracting the antimicrobial principles from fresh algae. However, the ethanolic extract showed no antibacterial activity.Acrosiphonia orientalis showed activity against 70% of the tested organisms.Stocheospermum marginatum was the only seaweed that showed activity againstKlebsiella pneumoniae. The extract fromGracilaria corticata was highly active againstProteus mirabilis, a Gram negative pathogenic bacterium. The present findings revealed that the tested seaweeds were highly active against Gram negative bacteria than Gram positive bacteria. The antimicrobial principle from seaweed was found to be a lipophilic compound. The compound was stable over a wide range of temperature (30–60 °C). The active principles of highly active seaweedsAcrosiphonia orientalis andStocheospermum marginatum were bactericidal.

Effect of soda ash industry effluent on protein content of two green seaweeds

The aim of the present study is to check the effect of soda ash industry effluent on the protein content of the seaweed Ulva faciata and Chaetomorpha antennina. Study shows that the effluent has positive effect on the protein content of the alga and thus these species can be used to reduce the effect of soda ash industry pollution because the rise of up to 35% of protein level is found in these species of alga due to uptake of polluted water. Thus, these seaweeds can be cultivated on a large scale in the effluent affected region and thus clean the environment while getting the proteinous food as by product.

A Critical Survey of Seaweed Diversity of Chilika Lake, India

During the last seventy years several studies have been undertaken on different aspects of marine algae from different parts of the Indian coast. The country has a vast coastline of more than 7,000 km, which harbours a large diversity of marine algal species. So far nearly seven hundred seventy species of marine algae have been reported from different parts of the Indian coast, which includes 184 species of Chlorophyceae, 166 species of Phaeophyceae and 420 species of Rhodophyceae (Sahoo et al. 2001). Although systematic studies on marine algal distribution and diversity are known from different coastal provinces of India, not much published information is available about the marine algal flora of Orissa. The state has a coastline of 460 km covering mostly sandy beaches. Sahoo (1989); Sahoo and Vijayraghvan (1986) reported occurrence of Centroceras clavulatum, Chaetomorpha antennina and Herposiphonia tenella from Gopalpur coast of Orissa. Reports of occurrence of some marine algal species have also been reported from Chilika, a brackish water lake in Orissa. Biswas (1932) in his monumental work reported nine different species of seaweeds from different parts of the lake. Parija and Parija (1947) studied the succession of some algae on a rocky island of the lake. Sahu and Adhikary (1999) reported only six marine algal species from some parts of the lake. Out of all these studies only Biswas gave a detailed authentic monograph on algal flora. But since Biswas’s study in 1932, the lake had undergone several ecological changes due to closing of the lake mouth to the sea thus blocking the entry of saline water to the lake. Besides, large-scale aquacultural activities have gone up in the lake during last several years. Eutrification has also caused several problems to the lake along with siltation. All these activities over the years have not only changed the ecological characters of the lake but also its floristic composition. Thus, the present study is an important step to re-evaluate the seaweeds diversity of the lake.

Feeding preferences of the herbivorous crab Grapsus albolineatus:the differential influence of algal nutrient content and morphology

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 147:87-95 (1997) - doi:10.3354/meps147087 Feeding preferences of the herbivorous crab Grapsus albolineatus: the differential influence of algal nutrient content and morphology Kennish R, Williams GA The tropical rocky shore crab Grapsus albolineatus selectively consumes rare filamentous algae over more abundant foliose algae during the winter in Hong Kong. Laboratory experiments have shown that growth of G. albolineatus is enhanced and mortality reduced when given a diet of filamentous algae as opposed to foliose algae. In the laboratory, G. albolineatus consumed filamentous algae (Enteromorpha clathrata, Hincksia mitchelliae and Chaetomorpha antennina) in greater amounts than any foliose algae (Dermonema frappieri, Pterocladia tenuis, Porphyra suborbiculata, Ulva fasciata, Endarachne binghamiae) in both multiple choice and no choice experiments. The most energy-rich alga was Pterocladia, while Porphyra had the highest protein content. Filamentous algae had lower overall nutrient contents than foliose algae. Consumption rates for Enteromorpha and Hincksia were, however, sufficiently higher than for Porphyra, which ensured that the net intake of nutrients per day was greater. Even though protein assimilation efficiency was higher for Porphyra than Hincksia,G. albolineatus assimilated more protein, per day, from Hincksia. When the confounding effects of morphology and nutrient value were separated, by offering the crab choices of commercially available algae (Laminaria sp.) cut into different forms (foliose and filamentous), G. albolineatus showed a strong preference for the filamentous form, despite both forms having the same nutrient value. Preference for filamentous forms is likely to be constrained by the morphology of the chelae, which have delicate tips, and appear unable to tear foliose algae. Algal morphology, therefore, appears to be of prime importance and the nutrient content and digestibility of algae of secondary importance in determining the feeding preferences of G. albolineatus. The high consumption rate of filamentous algae outweighs their relative nutrient deficiencies, indicating that they are better suited to meeting the physiological needs of the crab than foliose algae. Diet · Consumption rate · Algal morphology · Crab · Tropical rocky shore · Herbivore · Nutrients · Protein Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 147. Publication date: February 27, 1997 Print ISSN:0171-8630; Online ISSN:1616-1599 Copyright © 1997 Inter-Research.