Professor Kim Lewis' excellent review of the status of antibiotic research (“Challenges of Antibiotic Discovery,” Microbe, September 2015, p. 363–369) unfortunately includes a common microbiological misconception that should be addressed. He comments that Selman Waksman “introduced a simple screen which essentially replicates the accidental discovery of Fleming—a Streptomyces spot-inoculated on a plate with a lawn of the test pathogen, and a zone of growth inhibition indicates the presence of an antibiotic.” However, the variety of complex twists and turns of screening for antibiotics are illustrated by the theses of the following students of Waksman's and not readily apparent from the published papers: H. Boyd Woodruff (actinomycin)(H. B. Woodruff, The production of antibiotic substances by soil microorganisms. Ph.D. Thesis, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, N.J., 1942), Elizabeth Horning (clavacin and fumigacin)(E. S. Horning, Distribution and properties of antagonistic fungi and actinomycetes in nature. Ph.D. Thesis, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, N.J., 1942), Doris Jones (antiviral screen)(D. Jones, The effect of micro-organisms and antibiotic substances upon viruses. M.S. Thesis, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, N.J., 1945), Elizabeth Bugie (antibiotic production)(E. J. Bugie, Production of antibiotic substances by Aspergillus flavus and Chaetomium cochliodes, M.S. Thesis, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, N.J., 1944), and Albert Schatz (streptomycin)(A. Schatz, Streptomycin, an antibiotic agent produced by Actinomyces griseus. Ph.D. Thesis, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, N.J., 1945). In 1952 the Nobel Committee awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Selman Waksman for his “ingenious systematic and successful studies of soil microbes that led to the discovery of streptomycin.” Likewise, this year the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was in part awarded to Satoshi mura for the discovery of Avermectin, and the Nobel Assembly cited Dr. mura's “extraordinary skills in developing unique methods” for the isolation of Streptomyces species. Screening methodology merits focus.