Abstract
During a study of fungal diseases of tomato in the South of Russia (Krasnodar Territory) 56 fungal isolates associated with tomato fruits were obtained. Most of them belonged to the species Alternaria alternata. Alternaria solani, Fusarium equiseti, Phomopsis phaseoli, Chaetomium cochliodes, Clonostachys sp., Irpex lacteus, Colletotrichum coccodes were also identified. Laboratory experiments revealed that Clonostachys sp., C. сochliodes, P. phaseoli, I. lacteus, and F. equiseti developed well on the fruit’s slices. Fusarium equiseti was the only species that can penetrate the tomato through epidermis and infect entire fruit. The most effective fungicide against F. equiseti was difenoconazole (EC50 = 0.08 mg/L); pencycuron was also effective (EC50 = 32.5 mg/L). Thiabendazole completely inhibited the growth of F. equiseti at the concentration 100 mg/L (EC50 = 47 mg/L).
Highlights
Climatic conditions allow the cultivation of tomato in open ground in the southern regions of Russia
When grown in open ground, tomatoes are severely affected by diseases and pests
In addition to the aforementioned widespread phytopathogenic microorganisms, new ones are currently appearing. They can cause diseases similar in symptoms. These microorganisms may differ in pathogenicity and resistance to fungicides
Summary
Climatic conditions allow the cultivation of tomato in open ground in the southern regions of Russia. When grown in open ground, tomatoes are severely affected by diseases and pests. In addition to the aforementioned widespread phytopathogenic microorganisms, new ones are currently appearing. They can cause diseases similar in symptoms. These microorganisms may differ in pathogenicity and resistance to fungicides. The use of effective fungicide preparations is the basis of high-quality tomato protection. That is impossible without the monitoring of tomato pathogens.
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