CFA Model Research Articles

The Chinese version of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Questionnaire: psychometric properties among adolescent students

ObjectiveThis study established the reliability and validity of the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Questionnaire in a sample of senior secondary school students in China.MethodsThe data for this study were sourced from 1,080 students from multiple senior secondary schools using the SOC Questionnaire and the Learning Engagement Scale. This study conducted Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The factor structure analysis of the psychometric properties of SOC Questionnaire were examined on reliability, convergent validity, concurrent criterion validity, and incremental validity.ResultsThe EFA results suggested that a three-factor solution was most appropriate for the SOC Questionnaire. The three-factor CFA model of this study calculated correlations different from what was published with an American sample of adolescents by the questionnaire developers. The reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s α, McDonald’s ω), composite reliability (rho_c), and reliability coefficient (rho_a), convergent and discriminant validity were good. Concurrent criterion validity, and incremental validity were demonstrated by the SOC Questionnaire and the LES.ConclusionThe 17-item, 3-factor SOC Questionnaire demonstrated strong reliability and validity, thus offering a new multidimensional of the SOC Questionnaire to evaluate intentional self-regulation among adolescents in schools.

Formulation and evaluation of anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects of Ag nanoparticles containing Allium sativum L. Leaf extract

Formulation and evaluation of anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects of Ag nanoparticles containing Allium sativum L. Leaf extract

Psychometric Properties of Chinese Version of the Multiple Intelligence Scale (MIS) Among Older Adults: Rasch Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

A cross-sectional study design using convenience sampling was conducted among 200 community-dwelling participants aged 65 years or older. The Rasch analyses showed that the MIS had good structure validity and unidimensionality. Among various CFA models testing the MIS factor structure, exploratory structural equation modelling performed the best given its parsimonious and excellent fit indices. The MIS can be used among older adults in a culturally-fair way for understanding their multiple intelligences. Using the MIS, healthcare providers could encourage older people to assess their own strengths and weaknesses of intelligence. The results suggest that more research on older adults' MI is needed to tailor bespoke therapeutic programs to individual needs in community settings.

Dimensionality and Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire Short Form (CPCQ-12): Is PsyCap a Single-Factor, Four-Factor, Higher-Order, or Bifactor Construct?

Psychological capital (PsyCap) is a personal resource that enables employees to persevere in pursuing goals, display confidence, recover from setbacks, and maintain positive outlooks. The Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) is the standard measure for assessing PsyCap, and its short form (PCQ-12) has gained popularity. However, limited evidence exists regarding the validity and reliability of the PCQ-12, resulting in inconsistencies among studies concerning its factor structure. This is particularly notable for the Chinese version, where extensive research has been conducted without thorough investigation into its psychometric properties. This study investigated the dimensionality and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (CPCQ-12) using a diverse working sample (n = 991) from various occupations and industries in Hong Kong, China. The results revealed that the bifactor CFA model, comprising a general PsyCap factor and four specific factors (i.e., hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism), demonstrated superior fit compared to the single-factor, four-factor, and higher-order models. Strong measurement invariance was observed across occupations. Evidence supporting reliability and criterion-related validity was also obtained. However, item 8 did not load significantly on its resilience factor, suggesting that this item should be excluded if the resilience subscale is used. These findings suggest that the CPCQ-12 is a valid and reliable measure of PsyCap for Chinese working populations, while also highlighting the need for conceptual, item-level, and statistical refinements.

Development of a Novel Co-Amorphous Curcumin and L-Arginine (1:2): Structural Characterization, Biological Activity and Pharmacokinetics.

Background: Curcumin appears to be well tolerated and effective for managing chronic inflammatory pain, but its poor oral bioavailability has been a hurdle in its use as a therapeutic agent. The current study was performed to characterize a novel co-amorphous compound based on curcumin/L-arginine 1:2 (CAC12). Methods: Stability, solubility and structural characterization of the CAC12 were carried out by spectrometry techniques and in vitro assays, whereas the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by CFA or carrageenan models. The mechanism of action was determined by cytokine quantification, and pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained through UPLC-MS/MS. The co-amorphous compound was prepared by fast solvent evaporation. Powder XRD, 13C-NMR, ATR-FTIR and TGA/DSC thermal analysis showed a 1:2 stoichiometry for the CAC12. Results: CAC12 was 1000 times more soluble than curcumin, and it was stable for 1 month at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity or for 60 min in physiological medium at pH 4.5-6.8. Co-amorphous curcumin/L-arginine, but not curcumin + L-arginine, decreased carrageenan- or CFA-induced inflammation and nociception by decreasing IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 and CXCL1 cytokines. The bioavailability of free plasmatic curcumin increased about 22.4 times when it was given as CAC12 relative to a phytosome formulation at the equivalent dose. Conclusions: Results suggest the possible use of CAC12 to treat inflammatory pain disorders in human beings.

ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS APLIKASI MYITS THESIS MENGGUNAKAN CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS UNTUK PENINGKATAN LAYANAN PENYELENGGARAAN UJIAN PADA PROGRAM DOKTOR ILMU KOMPUTER

In the global era, Information Systems in higher education institutions are a must. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) continuously makes efforts to develop information systems for various academic and non-academic services for the lecturer and students. One of the academic services developed at ITS is myITS Thesis application. myITS Thesis is one of the applications prepared for the management of scholars Final Project. The Computer Science Doctoral Program (PDIK) has implemented the application for examination services including qualification hearings progress, seminars, and closed dissertation hearings. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of using the myITS Thesis application in managing PDIK dissertation research services to stakeholders, especially PDIK scholars. Measurements were carried out by surveying through questionnaires with PDIK participants who used the application in the 2023/2024 academic year. The effectiveness of the application is measured through five factors, namely System Quality (KS), Information Quality(KI), System Use(PS), User Satisfaction(KP), and Individual Impact(DI). The five factors are measured through 30 Question Indicators to 55 respondents. The results of the questionnaire survey were processed using descriptive analysis and CFA modeling. CFA is used to measure validity and reliability through Standardized Loading Factor (SLF), Cronbach Alpha (CA), and Composite Reliability (CR) values. It is concluded from the modeling results based on validity and reliability measurements that the KS factor is valid with CA value=0.931 and reliable with CR value=0.73, the KI factor is valid with CA value=0.923 and reliable with CR value=0.706, the PS factor is valid with CA value=0.95 and reliable with CR value=0.734. While the KP factor is valid with CA value=0.972 and reliable with CR value= 0.814. Therefore, the myITS Thesis application has been quite effective in improving exam administration services.Keywords: questionnaire, descriptive analysis, PDIK, myITS Thesis, CFA modeling

Towards Sustainable Mental Health Using the Finnish Mood Scale

The interest in mental health in a sports context has increased in recent years. However, there is no scientifically sound measurement tool for assessing sport-related mental health symptoms in the Finnish language. One of the most frequently used measurement tools for such symptoms in English is the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS). The purpose of the present study was to adapt and validate a Finnish version of the BRUMS, referred to as the Finnish Mood Scale (FIMS). The 24-item, 6-factor FIMS was administered to 445 Finnish participants concurrently with Finnish versions of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Psychobiosocial States Scale (PBS-S). The sample consisted of 259 females (58.2%), 177 males (39.8%), and 9 who did not disclose their gender (2%), aged 16 to 75 years (M = 35.65, SD = 13.70). Sixty-two participants (13.9%) reported being a competitive athlete, 273 (61.3%) were regular exercisers, and 109 (24.5%) did not exercise regularly. A six-factor modified CFA model indicated an adequate fit to the data (CFI = 0.944, TLI = 0.934, RMSEA = 0.060). Concurrent measures correlated with FIMS in line with theoretical predictions, supporting convergent and divergent validity. Males reported significantly more positive mood scores than females. Physically active participants reported significantly more positive mood scores than inactive individuals, endorsing the mental health benefits of physical exercise. Findings indicate that the FIMS is a suitable measurement tool to screen mood modalities in Finnish populations aged 16 years and older. FIMS may be useful for the early detection of mental ill-health, thus, promoting sustainable mental health.

Quantitative study on the impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on employee performance at plant protection companies in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

This article presents the results of a formal quantitative survey (Main Study or Official Survey) on the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Awareness on Employee Performance at plant protection products manufacturing enterprises in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The objective is to examine the impact of Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR) on employee performance (EP), with the mediating role of organizational trust (OT) and the moderating role of organizational reputation (OR). The Main Study with 385 samples, used SPSS and AMOS to test Cronbach's Alpha, EFA, CFA and SEM models. The results of the impact coefficients showed that PCSR positively affects EWR with OT as the mediator, and OR as the moderator of this relationship. The coefficients obtained prove that the research hypothesis is appropriate. The research results also provide useful information for managers to better understand the impact of PCSR on employee performance, thereby making appropriate strategic adjustments to business goals. Due to the limited space and sample size, this is a limitation of the study.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of patients evaluated for acute coronary syndrome: A factor analysis of the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)

Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA, CFA) were conducted using PCL-5 data completed by 830 patients enrolled in the REactions to Acute Care and Hospitalization (REACH) study, an observational cohort study of patients recruited from the emergency department during evaluation for ACS. Follow-up measurement invariance tests were conducted on pre-selected models and on the best-fitting model identified by EFA to evaluate invariance across diagnosis (confirmed v. rule-out ACS), sex, and language. The EFA identified a two-factor model with "Memories of Trauma" (MT) and "Cognitive Behavioral Symptoms" (CBS) factors offering a balanced fit and interpretability. In CFAs, the Anhedonia CFA model performed the best overall. Measurement invariance tests supported strong invariance across confirmed and ruled-out ACS, male and female sex, and English and Spanish language for all models. Only 34% of the sample was diagnosed with ACS at discharge, which limits generalizability. Our study contributes to the understanding of PTSD in the context of internal traumatic reminders and may guide future research and clinical practice by informing intervention targets to improve health and well-being after suspected ACS.

Impact Of Corporate Social Responsibility Awareness, The Intermediate Role of Organizational Trust on Employee Work Performance: A Study at Pesticide Production Enterprises in The Mekong Delta

This article is completed from research at enterprises operating in the field of plant protection products in the Mekong Delta - Vietnam, the purpose of the research is to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility awareness (PCSR) on employee performance (EWR), perceived task orientation (IRTP), organizational citizenship behavior at the individual level (OCB-I) and the organizational level (OCB-O), through the mediating role of organizational trust (OT), the moderating role of organizational reputation (OR). Through pilot testing of 100 samples and official quantitative survey of 385 samples to test Cronbach's Alpha coefficients, EFA, CFA and SEM structural model using SPSS, AMOS Version 4.2. The results show that: PCSR has a positive impact on EWR with OT as the intermediary. There is a moderating effect of OR on the relationship between PCSR and OT. The obtained coefficient values answered the hypotheses H1; H2a; H2b; H2c; H3; H4; H5; H6 respectively 0.687; 0.374; 0.606; 0.602; 0.229; 0.153; 0.159; 0.185. The results of the research model help business managers have more insight into the impact of corporate social responsibility awareness with the mediating role of organizational trust on employee work performance. Thereby, helping business leaders make appropriate adjustments to meet the desired goals of the business. The research is still limited in space and sample size.

Commonalities and differences in strategies for regulating motivation and emotion in academic settings: A within-person approach

Commonalities and differences in strategies for regulating motivation and emotion in academic settings: A within-person approach

Gender-related measurement invariance on the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) for global mental distress with older adults in Puerto Rico

BackgroundCommon mental disorders (CMD) vary by age, gender, and culture. This study: (1) examined the factor structure of the 20-item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and (2) explored gender-related measurement invariance in the SRQ’s performance with older adults in Puerto Rico, a U.S. island territory and associate member of the UN Regional Commissions.MethodsWe merged data from two cross-sectional studies on mental health status and needs of older adults in Puerto Rico (N = 367). The first study was conducted in 2019, two years after Hurricane María devastated the island (N = 154); the second study, in 2021, assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) concerning COVID-19 (N = 213). We used chi-square and t-tests to examine gender differences in each SRQ item and assessed internal consistency reliability with Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega (values > 0.70). We ran two CFA models, then multigroup CFA to test for gender-related measurement invariance. We used weighted least square mean and variance adjusted (WLSMV) estimation to account for the binary response options in the SRQ-20 and Mplus version 8.4 for analyses. There were no missing data for any SRQ-20 items.ResultsThe SRQ-20 had strong internal consistency reliability (α = 0.89; omega = 0.89). Female scores were higher than males scores (t = -2.159, p = .031). Both unidimensional and two-factor models fit the data well. We selected the more parsimonious unidimensional model, which is most widely used in practice. Standardized factor loadings were 0.548 to 0.823 and all were statistically significant (p < .001). We tested gender invariance with the one-factor model. Our findings did not support invariance.ConclusionWe favored the unidimensional model. First, the SRQ-20 was designed to assess global distress. Also, physical symptoms have both somatic and psychological components, so their co-occurrence makes a single-factor model more meaningful. Finally, since older adults experience more physical health problems, instruments that emphasize both types of distress may provide a more accurate measure than those that exclude somatic symptoms. Using the unidimensional model, the SRQ-20 was not invariant, meaning that it performed differently for male and female participants. Future studies of common mental disorders with older adults in Puerto Rico should consider using the SRQ-20 for research and practice and should determine appropriate threshold scores for men and women.

Resolving Dimensionality Issues of the Utretch Work Engagement Scale for Students Using an Integrative Data-Analytic Framework

Academic engagement plays a crucial role in students’ learning and performance. One of the most popular measures for assessing this construct is the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students (UWES-S), which is based on a tridimensional conceptualization consisting of dedication, vigor, and absorption. However, prior research on its factor structure has yielded inconsistent results, and the substantial correlations between dimensions raise doubts about their empirical distinctiveness. Thus, questions remain whether academic engagement is experienced as a global construct, or as its three components. The present study addressed this issue by examining the dimensionality of both UWES-S17 and UWES-S9 using a comprehensive factor-analytic framework. One- to four-factor CFA and ESEM models, along with corresponding bifactor-CFA and bifactor-ESEM models, were tested using data from 453 Ecuadorian university students. The results indicated that ESEM yielded superior fit indices and less correlated factors compared to CFA. However, discriminant validity test did not support the distinctiveness of UWES-S factors, and bifactor analyses consistently demonstrated a strong general factor and weak or collapsed specific factors. These findings were remarkably consistent across both UWES-S versions. Collectively, the results suggest that academic engagement, as currently operationalized by the UWES-S, can be considered as a unidimensional rather than a multidimensional construct. Implications for conceptualization, measurement, and research on academic engagement are discussed.

Assessing Heterogeneity of Correlation Matrices in Misspecified Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Models

Meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) techniques are increasingly common tools to synthesize data across multiple studies. One popular approach is two-step MASEM, where study correlation matrices are pooled in a first stage using either a fixed- or random-effects model, to then fit one or multiple structural equation models onto the pooled correlation matrix in a second stage. In a simulation study, we examined the performance of different fit criteria and resulting parameter estimates under both random- and fixed-effects pooling when fitting a three-factor CFA model to study populations that were partly misspecified. We discuss benefits and issues when using a random-effects model in this scenario and discuss future research directions regarding correlation matrix heterogeneity when using MASEM methods.

Factors affecting consumers’ green product purchase decisions in Vietnam

Though previous literature on green consumer behavior focuses on the Vietnamese market, the concept of consumer behavior is quite broad and not yet clearly understood. Therefore, this paper aims to focus more on the behavior of consumers in Vietnam in terms of green product buying decisions and their determinants. This study used the research model of Kumar and Ghodeswar (2015) as the methodological input in addition to the variables modeled by them. Data were collected from a total of 350 respondents from 4 locations, namely Hanoi, Da Nang, Binh Dinh, and Ho Chi Minh City. The data were used for EFA, CFA and SEM structural model analysis. The results show that consumers decide to buy green products for many reasons. Such reasons are: they want to support environmental protection, drive for environmental responsibility, support products with green attributes (Eco-label), support the price of green products, and become involved in the green product experience. In particular, social appeal has a significant influence on the decision-making process. The originality of this study is that it examined new factors that influence consumers’ purchase decisions towards green products including products with green attributes (Eco-label) and the price of green products.

Negativity of factor correlations biases the sizes of factor variances in bifactor CFA models

Negativity of factor correlations biases the sizes of factor variances in bifactor CFA models

Do the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) assess two distinct internet-related disorders? A comparative analysis using CFA, Set-ESEM, and Full-ESEM models

ABSTRACT This study investigated whether the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) capture separate Internet-related disorders, comparing CFA, Set-ESEM, and Full-ESEM models on a sample of 839 participants (59.1% females; M age = 30.31, SD = 10.05). The ESEM solution was selected based on fit-indices [χ 2 = 506.810; df = 248, p < .001; CFI = .976; TLI = .963; RMSEA = .035 (.031–.040); SRMR = .019; AIC = 70,390.955; BIC = 71,269.364; aBIC = 70,678.693], inter-factor correlations (.232 < r < .595), parameter estimates (significant primary target loadings and reduced cross-loadings), and theoretical interpretability. This study highlights the conceptual overlap between Internet and smartphone addiction and emphasises the importance of comparing CFA, Set-ESEM, and Full-ESEM models when two or more sets of constructs are included in a single model.

Assessing the dimensionality of the sense of coherence scale (SOC-L9) using Ghanaian university students: Guarding against the method effect

Assessing the dimensionality of the sense of coherence scale (SOC-L9) using Ghanaian university students: Guarding against the method effect

Testing the distinctiveness of prolonged grief disorder from posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in large bereaved community samples

This study sought to test the distinctiveness of symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and target exploratory factor analysis (EFA), were used to test the distinctiveness of PGD from PTSD and depression symptoms in a large sample of adults bereaved for at least six months (N=1917). Identified factors were explored in relation to demographic (i.e., age, gender) and loss-related (i.e., time since bereavement, nature of death, relationship to deceased, age of deceased, and frequency of contact with deceased) correlates. The CFA model provided a good fit to the data, while the target EFA provided a slightly improved fit. All items loading strongly and significantly onto their respectively factors, and the IGQ items had few significant cross-factor loadings. All demographic and loss-related variables (except for death of a sibling and death from other causes) were associated with each of the factors, however, these associations were strongest for the PGD factor. Participants were recruited using a non-probability sampling method and were from a relatively affluent Western nation. Findings from the current study demonstrate that PGD reflects an empirically distinguishable albeit related disorder to PTSD and depression in a sample of bereaved adults. The identification of correlates common to PGD, PTSD, and depression, as well as those unique to PGD, affords a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors associated with bereavement-related psychopathology.

Developing an Emotional Labor Scale for Employees in the Service Industry

Purpose: This research aims to develop an emotional labor scale and examine the consistency of the emotional labor measurement model with empirical data. The study focuses on individuals with long-term work experience and incorporates cross-cultural perspectives to address gaps in current research. Additionally, it seeks to create a standardized model for measuring and evaluating emotional labor that is applicable to contemporary work environments. Methodology: The population is front-service employees of hotels in Chonburi Province, and the sample consists of 280 front-service employees of hotels in Pattaya City, Chonburi Province. The research methodology for developing the emotional labor scale in this phase is quantitative research, using confirmatory factor analysis to examine the consistency of the emotional labor measurement model. Findings: The results of the model fit analysis and quality assessment of the CFA model found that the RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) was 0.217, indicating a lack of fit between the model and data. The CFI (Comparative Fit Index) was 0.591. The TLI (Tucker-Lewis Index) was 0.442. Finally, the IFI (Incremental Fit Index) was 0.595. Based on the presented indices, this model has a poor fit with the data. The RMSEA, CFI, TLI, and IFI values are lower than the recommended criteria, indicating a discrepancy between the model and data. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: These findings suggest that current emotional labor measurement models may not accurately capture the experiences of workers across different cultures and with varying lengths of work experience. Policymakers and organizations should consider developing more nuanced and culturally sensitive approaches to assess and manage emotional labor in the workplace. This could involve creating tailored training programs, revising performance evaluation metrics, and implementing supportive policies that acknowledge the complexity of emotional labor across diverse work environments.