CFA Analysis Research Articles

Parenting-Related Self-Compassion Scale (P-SCS): Adaptation and Validation in Indonesian Parents

Background: Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is a self-report instrument of self-compassion in the general population. When applied to the parenting context, SCS has limitations in reflecting the difficulties parents face due to the specific characteristic in parenting. This restriction makes it not fully reflect the parenting self-compassion. Therefore, the present study aims to adapt and validate the SCS-modification in parenting (P-SCS) using six steps based on ITC guidance. Methods: We analyzed construct validity using factor structure, convergent validity with Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), and reliability using internal consistency. Two hundreds and eight parents were recruited for this study (Mean age = 37.32, SD = 5.113, Female = 191, Male = 17). Results: CFA analysis showed that the P-SCS has a fairly good fit model (X2 / df = 1.781; RMSEA = 0.061; GFI = 0.87; CFI = 0.96; NFI = 0.92; IFI = 0.96). Second-order CFA revealed that the six-factor analysis factor approach is more appropriate in analyzing self-compassion compared to the higher-order model. P-SCS has a convergent validity through a moderate correlation with the total RSES score (r = 0.59, p = 0.00) and fairly good reliability (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.870). Conclusion: In conclusion, P-SCS is a reliable and valid measure of self-compassion in the Indonesian parenting context.

A comprehensive assessment of time overruns in Ghanaian telecom cell site construction

It is imperative for researchers to study construction projects in all industries, in order to find lasting solutions to the occurrence of time overruns during projects. Considering the myriad of studies on time overruns in construction projects, there is a scarcity of such studies in the construction of cell sites for the telecom industry. Therefore, this paper sought to investigate time overruns in the construction of cell sites, and quantitatively, to determine the real causal factors of its occurrence within the context of the Ghanaian telecom industry. As a mixed method approach, this study used the expert interview method in the case study, and structured questionnaires in the survey study to elicit information from practitioners with direct project management responsibilities in cell site construction. The findings indicate that time overruns, ranging from three weeks to two months, occur across the industry, with the overall impact of loss of revenue and business value. After the EFA and CFA analysis, 9 out of 28 factors were retained, forming two principal components named “project planning” and “project control”. The findings and recommendations made by this paper would enlighten the perspective of project management practitioners in their quest to deliver successful cell site construction. Both scholars and industry players can use the research methodology that has been designed to aid and facilitate the conduct of any such study in any industry in future.

The Big Five and Big Two personality factors in Mongolia.

Etic psychometric tools work less well in non-Western than in Western cultures, whereas data collected online in the former societies tend to be of superior quality to those from face-to-face interviews. This represents a challenge to the study of the universality of models of personality and other constructs. If one wishes to uncover the true structure of personality in a non-Western nation, should one study only highly educated, cognitively sophisticated Internet users, and exclude the rest? We used a different approach. We adapted a short Big Five tool, previously tested successfully in 19 countries on all continents, to Mongolian culture. EFA and CFA analyses across a nationally representative sample of 1,500 adult Mongolians recovered the Big Five satisfactorily. A Big Two (plasticity and stability) model was also recovered reasonably well. Correlations between personality traits and age, as well as gender differences, were not different from those reported for Western samples. Respondents with higher education, or higher-than-average socioeconomic status, or urban dwellers, or Internet users, did not yield a clearer Big Five than the whole sample. Our method (tool adaptation to a local cultural context) may be preferable to exclusion of specific demographic groups in Big Five studies of non-Western populations.

THE INFLUENCE OF FAMILY CULTURAL CAPITAL ON MIGRANT CHILDREN'S ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT — FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTIONAL REGULATION

THE INFLUENCE OF FAMILY CULTURAL CAPITAL ON MIGRANT CHILDREN'S ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT — FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTIONAL REGULATION

Akademik Yılmazlık Ölçeğinin (ARS-30) Uyarlanması: Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

The present study aims to adapt the “Academic Resilience Scale-30” (ARS-30) into Turkish and examine its validity and reliability. The Ars-30 consists of a three-factor structure: perseverance, reflective and adaptive help-seeking, negative affectivity, and emotional response. The study sample consisted of 687 students. As a result of the CFA analysis, it was determined that the scale was in good agreement with the three-factor structure determined in its original form. Similar scale validity analyzes of the scale were made with the general self-efficacy scale and significant positive relationships were determined between both scales. The overall reliability Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the ARS-30 is.89; The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the ARS-30 subscales varied from .71 to .85, thus indicating an acceptable level. As a result, it can be said that ARS-30 is a valid and reliable measurement tool for university students in Turkey.

DEVELOPING EVALUATION MODEL IN SEERAH TEACHING FOR UPPER SECONDARY ISLAMIC EDUCATION TEACHERS

Application of Historical Thinking Skills (TKPS) is needed in the field of history to make its teaching and learning process effective and meaningful. This raised a question whether Islamic Education teachers, who are untrained in historical discipline, are able to apply the five components of Historical Thinking Skills (KPS) when teaching Seerah Nabi (Biography of Prophet Muhammad P.B.U.H)). The purpose of this research to determine the number of dimensions for the items and build an evaluation model to measure the effects of the relationship between KPS, TPACK and TKPS in this area of study. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using IBM-SPSS AMOS Graphic software was employed for this purpose. The population for this research consisted of Islamic Education teachers who teach Upper Secondary Islamic Education subject in Kelantan, Malaysia. From the results of EFA and CFA analyses, 6 items have been deleted from the KPS construct leaving only 12 items at the end of the study. Similar results were also found for the Application of Historical Thinking Skills construct (TKPS) where items which were originally 13 were reduced to 10. For the TPACK component, as a result of the CFA analysis, the Technological sub-component was removed from the TPACK component due to the low factor loading (0.39). Based on the result of the EFA and CFA analyses, only 35 items with three main constructs (KPS, TKPS and TPACK) and two sub-constructs (Pedagogy and Content) were considered for SEM analysis.This study has successfully developed an evaluation model (SEM) to measure the effect of Historical Thinking Skills (KPS) and Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge Skills (TPACK) on the application of KPS by Islamic Education teachers. Findings of the study found that the relationship of KPS effects on the application of KPS is significant with the regression coefficient value of 0.80. This proves that the teaching and learning process (PdPC) is dependent on the level of mastery of teachers in the KPS component. KPS component also has a significant effect on TPACK with a regression coefficient of 0.81. This means TPACK skills during the teaching and learning process (PdPC) were dependent on the level of mastery of teachers in the KPS component and TPACK Construct as a mediator for the relationship between KPS and TKPS.

The Effect of Personal Environment Suitability and Work Environment of Luxury Hotels on Psychological Capital and Innovation Behavior

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of personal environment suitability and the work environment of luxury hotels on psychological capital and innovation behavior. Seven hypotheses were proposed. First, the work environment will have a positive effect on psychological capital. Second, personal environment suitability will have a positive effect on psychological capital. Third, the work environment will have a positive impact on innovation behavior. Fourth, the suitability of one’s environment will have a positive impact on one’s innovation behavior. Fifth, psychological capital will have a positive (+) effect on innovation behavior. Sixth and seventh, work environment and personal environment suitability will have a positive (+) effect on innovation behavior through psychological capital. To achieve the purpose of this study, eligible respondents (n = 327; 214 male and 113 female) were recruited from four-star hotels or higher located in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi-do and then evaluated for an online survey method. Hypothesis verification was conducted through CFA and structural equation model analysis. As a result of the analysis, all hypotheses except Hypothesis 3 were adopted. Personal environmental suitability drives innovation behavior at the organizational level, but programs that recognize work environment fit are also needed. This study has an advantage in that psychological capital has a mediating role in the relationship between work environment, personal environment suitability, and innovation behavior. As a result, it is suggested that hotels need to understand the psychological state of their members and manage their responses and attitudes. This study also suggests that personal environment suitability leads to organizational-level innovation behavior, but programs for work environment suitability are also needed.

An Exploration of Early Childhood Teachers’ Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in Mainland China

ABSTRACT Research Findings: This study aims to validate a scale highlighting the applicability of selected TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) domains of knowledge to early childhood education and to explore the internal relationships between TPACK’s components in the Chinese context. A survey instrument was designed and administered to 1,192 early childhood (EC) in-service teachers enrolled in their national training programs. The instrument consisted of 29 items classified into four categories that align with the conceptual TPACK framework and are applicable to the EC context, including Technology Knowledge (TK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), and TPACK. CFA and path analysis generated a model with good fit. The confirmed model indicated that (1) TK, TPK, and PK were significantly correlated; (2) TK, TPK, and PK all had direct positive effects on TPACK; however, (3) PK had a smaller influence on TPACK. Practice or Policy: The instrument was a reliable and valid assessment for measuring the TPACK of Chinese EC teachers and may be used to inform future research. The findings suggest that ECE training should shift away from focusing on discrete technological skills (i.e., TK) and instead emphasize preparing teachers with mastery in pedagogic approaches for integrating digital technology into instruction.

Overview of Psychological Characteristics of Entrepreneurship in Adolescents

The psychological characteristics of adolescents consist of five aspects, namely the capacity aspect, the belief aspect, the consciousness aspect, the motivation aspect and the determination aspect. The aim of this study was to describe the psychological characteristics of entrepreneurship in adolescents. The population in this study were students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Pekanbaru with a total sample of 206 students. The research sampling technique used purposive sampling techniques. This study also used a scale of psychological characteristics of entrepreneurship which in total amounts to 31 items. Data were analyzed using CFA analysis test and descriptive analysis test. The results indicated that the aspects of belief and aspects of motivation were dominant in describing the entrepreneurial character of adolescents at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Pekanbaru City, there was no significant difference between men and women in the desire to be entrepreneurial, and it can be seen that there was already a character of students at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Pekanbaru City to become entrepreneurs, so it is necessary to be given training to improve the character of entrepreneurship.

Role of organizational commitment in career growth and turnover intention in public sector of Oman.

IntroductionCreating a proper career program is the best way to enhance employees’ organizational commitment; it motivates and retains them. This research aims to measure career growth’s influence on turnover intention, mediated by employees’ commitment through self-reported employees’ perceptions. This study identifies the key dimensions of organizational commitment (affective, continuance and normative commitment) that mediate the relationship between career growth and employee turnover intention exploring the indirect effects between career growth and turnover intention. The relationship is examined among the public sector employees in the Sultanate of Oman, a sector currently facing high turnover rates and losing key skilled talent pool.MethodologyData collection was executed through an adopted questionnaire distributed among 500 employees of 38 government units within the Sultanate of Oman. A total of 351 questionnaires were returned, and after the initial screening process, 329 were found to be valid for further analysis. CFA analysis was conducted to identify the factors falling under the three primary constructs of the study. Assessment of the models was explained through Goodness-of-fit Indices. Structural equation modeling, which is most recommended to study the effect of latent variables, was performed using AMOS to evaluate the mediating role of organizational commitment between career growth and employee turnover intention.FindingsThe results indicated that the potential for career growth is an essential motivating element for public sector employees in the Sultanate of Oman to encourage retention and reduce intention to leave. The findings also confirm that effective and continuous commitment significantly mediates the relationship between career growth and employees’ turnover intention.Contribution and originality valueThe results generated could help both researchers and those involved in public sector policy-making to understand how employee turnover intention is influenced by career growth and organizational commitment in the public sector in the Sultanate of Oman.

Validation of Polish Version of Dispositional Flow Scale-2 and Flow State Scale-2 Questionnaires.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Dispositional Flow Scale-2 (DFS-2) and Flow State Scale-2 (FSS-2), for use with Polish adults and young adults. Currently, there are no tools that would allow us to study flow among Polish speakers. At the same time, due to the great interest in flow and its potential importance for effectiveness, cooperation, and learning, it is worth ensuring that reliable validated measurement questionnaires are available for people studying the Polish population. Study participants completed 856 questionnaires, of which 496 individuals (with an average age of 36.31 years) participated in the DFS-2 study and 360 individuals (with an average age of 33.46 years) participated in the FSS-2 study. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLR) was selected for the CFA analysis. Model fit was assessed using: χ2, comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and standardized root mean square of residuals (SRMR), and root mean square of approximation error (RMSEA). For both questionnaires, formative first-level models with nine factors and second-level models with nine factors loaded on a higher-order flow factor were compared using the Satorra-Bentler Scaled difference χ2 test. The ω coefficient was used to estimate the reliability of the FFS-2 and DFS-2 models tested in the CFA method. Confirmatory factor analysis of both DFS-2 structural models showed satisfactory model fit. Most of the fit indices for the hierarchical 2nd order FSS-2 model presented satisfactory values, except for SRMR. Both DFS-2 and FSS-2 factors tested in the analysis showed good reliability (ω ≥ 0.7). Our findings confirmed the reliability and validity of the Polish versions of DFS-2 and FSS-2 scales. The scales are reliable when applied to Polish adults and young adults.

The Model of Creative Thinking, Critical Thinking, and Entrepreneurial Skills Among University Students

Digital skills for the twenty-first century are comprise of four fundamental capabilities: cognition abilities; process capabilities; systems capabilities; and social skills. Using one's ability to think creatively to demonstrate cognitive abilities can be very effective. On the other hand, critical thinking is a skill that can be developed at the university level and is used to transform raw data into meaningful information. Furthermore, the study purpose is investigate the relationship the entrepreneurial skills in students in the world of education, both in terms of educational and economic issues. Researchers are looking into the relative importance of creative thinking (CRE), critical thinking (CRI), and entrepreneurial skills (ETS) as primary predictors of success when it comes to learning and mastering skills in the technologically advanced development society (TCDS). In this study, which takes a quantitative approach, a cross-sectional survey gathers data. In order to analyze the relationship formed by CRE, CRI, and ETS among university students in TCDS, we used the structural equation model (SEM) method. In this study, 85 students from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, and 315 students from the Faculty of Economics and Business at Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto participated, for a total of 315 students. The following research procedures were used in this investigation: (3) The relationship between CRE, CRI, and ETS was determined using a Structural Equation Model (SEM). In addition, the findings of this study include the following points: The EFA and CFA analysis revealed that the CRE construct contained four valid sub-constructs, while the CRI and ETS constructs each contained five valid sub-constructs. The results of the SEM analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between CRE, CRI, and ETS, with a moderately significant relationship between CRE and ETS ( = 0,291), as well as a statistically significant relationship between CRI and ETS ( = 0,143). The correlation between CRE and CRI, on the other hand, was found to be high ( = 0.894). Finally, demonstrate that the CRE, CRI, and ETS have played a role in improving the performance of university students during the TCDS era.

The MAastricht Instrument for Sustainable Employability \u2013 Italian version (MAISE-IT): a validation study

BackgroundGovernments and employers aim to promote sustainable employability (SE) in aging societies. In the Netherlands, an instrument for capturing the employee perspective on SE, the MAastricht Instrument for Sustainable Employability (MAISE-NL), has recently been developed. This study seeks to validate the Italian version of the MAISE (MAISE-IT).MethodsThe MAISE-IT (a translated and culturally adapted version of the MAISE for the Italian population), the Work-Health Balance questionnaire and a demographic survey (age, gender, education, and occupational activity) were completed online by 455 respondents (328 public administration workers and 127 respondents recruited from social networks). Construct and criterion validity were tested by CFA; reliability, correlational analyses and subgroup differences with ANOVAs.ResultsThe CFA analysis revealed that the MAISE-IT consists of 12 scales distributed in four areas: (1) Meaning of SE; (2) Level and Factors affecting SE; (3) Overall responsibility for SE; and (4) Responsibility for factors affecting SE. Construct and criterion validity and reliability were good. Italian workers reported a moderately high level of SE. They regarded employers to be somewhat more responsible for SE than employees.ConclusionsThis study showed the validity of the MAISE-IT in the Italian context. The MAISE-IT is valuable for tapping employees’ needs in order to develop SE interventions tailored to the employee perspective.

Are four maladaptive schema domains a better option than five? Recommendations based on comparison of the latent structure of schemas on a large group of healthy adults.

Numerous publications and analyses conducted in various cultures lead to the conclusion that the latent structure of schemas is not unambiguous. The latest proposal by Bach et al. (2017a) includes 18 schemas and four domains; however, a five domain structure is also acceptable. The aim of the research was to directly compare both proposals based on the research of a large group of healthy people. The schema questionnaire YSQ-S3 was completed by 2348 people aged 18-81 years, of whom women constituted slightly over 54%. CFA analyses have demonstrated a poor fit to the data of all analysed models, with the model of four correlated domains, which is also characterised by higher loadings (standardised regression loadings), being the closest to fulfil the criteria. Exploratory factor analyses have shown an almost exact reflection of the structure with the assumed four factors; the structure of five factors has not been recreated. The released number of factors indicated a two-factor solution. The additional analysis confirmed positive medium correlations with negative affect and psychopathology symptoms. Negative correlations of self-esteem, positivity scale and positive affect indicate good divergent validity. The analysis confirms the existence of 18 schemas and supports the new four-domain model of the latent structure of schemas as more appropriate than a model consisting of five domains.

Adaptasi alat ukur kesuksesan karier subjektif

Subjective career success is an attitude regarding an individual’s achievement and satisfaction with their career resulting from a personal evaluation of their career experience. Subjective career success has eight dimensions: recognition, quality work, meaningful work, influence, authenticity, personal life, growth and development, and satisfaction. Subjective Career Success Inventory – SCSI (Subjective Career Success Questionnaire) has 24 items. The use of instruments at different cultural backgrounds requires an adaptation process so that the measurement results are valid and reliable, but until now, there has been no research on the adaptation of subjective career success measurement tools in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to obtain a standardized subjective career success measurement tool. The adaptation process was carried out using the International Test Commission reference in2016. Based on the results of the CFA analysis of the LISREL 8.8 program, it can be concluded that according to theory, subjective career success models have a good fit model. This means that the zero hypotheses that state the subjective career success model of the goodness of fit are acceptable. This explains that the resulting model can describe actual conditions and can be used to measure subjective career success.

Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Positive personality resources have demonstrated the ability to positively impact health outcomes. To examine the psychometric properties of the original Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). A sample of 114 individuals with PD completed the PCQ-24, and via a latent factor modeling framework exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties in people with PD. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that both the efficacy and hope scales were reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87 and 0.86, respectively) and had statistically acceptable validity with strong factor loadings all above the practical threshold of 0.60. The resilience and optimism scales were also reliable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78 and 0.73, respectively) but had only moderately acceptable validity in part due to three reverse-scored items (i.e., No. 13, 20, & 23) with weak factor loadings of 0.26, 0.46, and 0.50, respectively. After excluding these at-risk items, the overall factor loadings for resilience and optimism were significantly improved at the acceptable above 0.60. The CFA results confirm a statistically acceptable model fit for the modified version (only 21-items) of the PCQ in the PD sample. Both EFA and CFA analyses provide statistical evidence supporting the modified PCQ version and demonstrate better test validity and reliability for the PD population. The refined PCQ form is both effectively shorter and psychometrically superior to the original and has promise in investigating health outcomes in people with PD.

Factors affecting Intention to Use E-banking Services in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Case Study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

The Study aims to explore and test the factors affecting customers' online transaction behavior with e-banking services in the Covid-19 pandemic, with TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). The author used data survey from 225 people who are customers of commercial banks in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The research methods used SPSS software for EFA and CFA analysis. The results of multivariable regression analysis determined 7 factors affecting intention to use e-banking services: perceived ease of use, expected effectiveness, and risk. transaction risk, bank branding, social influence, behavioral control and perceived preference. In which, the risk component in the transaction has the most important influence on the intention to use e-banking services, followed by the component of expected effectiveness, followed by the component of bank brand, followed by component of bank brand followed by the Social Influence component, then perceived ease of use, and finally behavioral control and perceived preference. The research results also serve as a basis for a survey for Vietnamese banks to promote using e-banking services by customers in developing electronic products in Vietnam.

A mixed methods approach to developing a scale on parents' practices to reward and punish their children

This exploratory mixed method research aimed to develop parent and child forms of a scale to measure parents' practices to reward and punish their children. For the qualitative strand, semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents (n = 54) and their children (n = 39). The qualitative analysis revealed four major themes regarding parental rewarding practices (material rewards, activity-based rewards, permission, and verbal and emotional rewards) and three major themes regarding parental punishment practices (response cost, verbal and emotional punishment, and corporal punishment), which were used to develop two sets of prospective items. At the quantitative strand, EFA and CFA analysis were performed using data obtained from a total of 701 parents and 620 children to test the psychometric properties. As a result of the research, both Parent (PRPS-P) and Child (PRPS-C) forms of Parental Reward and Punishment Scale (PRPS) were developed for use at the K-12 level with favorable psychometric properties.

An evaluation on the motivation of employees in the logistics sector during the COVID-19 pandemic process

This study aims to reveal both the motivation sources of employees in extraordinary conditions (such as COVID-19) and the type of motivational sources that are dependent on individual and environmental conditions. Within the framework of the aim of the study, quantitative research was conducted. The universe of the study is logistics companies in the TİMS 2020 report, with a sample consisting of 343 employees from various positions and professions. Data were obtained by questionnaire method. The questionnaire consist of a socio-demographic information form contains individual, work-related, and COVID-19 experience questions and the six-dimensional motivation at work scale. According to analysis findings, the 6-dimensional motivation scale was represented by 5 dimensions (as a result of CFA analysis), and introjected motivation was eliminated. Identified regulation levels of employees were calculated at quite high levels, while amotivation levels were quite low. As a result of the difference tests, material and social external regulations are differentiated according to personal differences. Amotivation is affected by position. In addition, parallel with the previous findings, while controlled motivation was open to these effects, autonomous motivation was not affected by environmental conditions and personal characteristics. Details are discussed in the relevant section.

УКРАЇНСЬКОМОВНА АДАПТАЦІЯ ШКАЛИ ДОБРОЯКІСНОЇ ТА ЗЛОЯКІСНОЇ ЗАЗДРОСТІ (BEMAS): АНАЛІЗ ПСИХОМЕТРИЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ

The aim of the work is to test and validate the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale (BeMaS) (Lange & Crusius, 2015) among a Ukrainian sample. The study involved 484 people aged 17 to 58 years (M = 24.5), 17.2% men and 82.8% women. The α-Cronbach index for BeMaS is 0.83 for the benign envy scale and 0.84 for the malignant envy scale, indicating a high level of homogeneity. As a result of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory CFA analysis, two factors were identified in the BeMaS methodology: benign and malignant envy. The two-factor structure is consistent with conceptualizing envy not as a unidimensional construct, but as a two-dimensional construct that includes a benign and a malicious form of envy. Researchers suggest distinguishing malicious envy, which is characterized by hostility toward others of higher status, and benign envy, which motivates people to self-improvement instead of causing feelings of ill will (Crusius and Lange, 2014; Falcon, 2015). Both subscales were found to be reliable and internally consistent. The test reliability of BeMaS testifies to the high level of reliability of the Ukrainian version. The benign envy scale shows direct correlations with constructive coping (positive reformulation, personal growth, active coping, use of emotional social support), and personal resilience. Instead, the malicious envy scale has direct correlations with destructive coping strategies, including negative venting, denial, behavioral avoidance, and self-blame, as well as a direct correlation with depression and an inverse correlation with resilience. Both benign and malicious envy scales are directly related to narcissistic personality strategies: admiration and rivalry. BeMaS has a two-factor structure, good internal, discriminant, and predictive validity, and can serve as a measure of envy in Ukrainian.