Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Research Articles

Tailoring the Holocellulose Fiber/Acrylic Resin Composite Interface with Hydrophobic Carboxymethyl Cellulose to Enhance Optical and Mechanical Properties.

Interface engineering is essential for cellulosic fiber-reinforced polymer composites to achieve high strength and toughness. In this study, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) functionalized with hydrophobic quaternary ammonium ions (QAs) were utilized to modify the interface between holocellulose fibers (HF) and acrylic resin. The wet HF/CMC papers were prepared by vacuum filtration, akin to papermaking, followed by cationic ion exchange with different hydrophobic QAs. Subsequently, the modified papers were dried, impregnated with an acrylic resin monomer, and cured to produce transparent composite films. The effect of the hydrophobic QA moieties on the structure and optical and mechanical properties of the HF/CMC/acrylic resin composites were investigated. The composite film with cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA)-functionalized CMC showed high optical transmittance (87%) with low haze (43%), while the composite film with phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA)-functionalized CMC demonstrated high Young's modulus of 7.6 GPa and high tensile strength of 180 MPa. These properties are higher than those of the composites prepared through covalent interfacial modification strategies. The results highlighted the crucial role of hydrophobic functionalized CMCs in facilitating homogeneous resin impregnation in the HF fiber network, producing a composite with enhanced interfacial adhesion strength, increased optical transparency, and mechanical strength. This facile use of hydrophobic CMCs as interfacial compatibilizers provides an energy-efficient route for preparing transparent, thin, and flexible composite films favorable in optoelectronic applications.

Composite nanoarchitectonics with ionic clay nanofillers-embedded polypropylene for efficient flame retardance

The widely used flame-retardants (FRs) are of brominated ones with hazardous characteristics. Therefore, developing an eco-friendly FRs is important to maintain the safety upon large scale usage. Such a flame retardant was made using polypropylene (PP) by integrating ionic nanofillers ((layered double hydroxide, LDH; and cationic clay (Mica)) together. They were modified with stearate (SA) and cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) respectively to be compatible with PP. For this, initially they were separately made by co-precipitation and ion-exchange reactions, then dispersed in xylene together and mixed with PP/xylene. The SA-LDH content was 1 wt% and CTA-Mica ∼3 wt%. TEM showed that exfoliated 2D organo-clays were uniformly dispersed in PP nanocomposites enhancing thermo-mechanical strength than pristine PP. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) of pristine PP was decreased by SA-LDH and CTA-Mica, corresponding to 58% reduction. Additionally, for PP nanocomposites, more char residues were remained; suggesting that PP nanocomposite as an efficient FRs.

Realizing high efficiency and luminance in green, yellow and blue organic light emitting diode by deoxyribonucleic acid

Although the effect of the electron blocking layer (EBL) material, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), on the electroluminescence (EL) performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been studied, the process of DNA regulation of exciton recombination region within the device is still unclear. Herein, devices with and without EBL were fabricated using different DNA spin-coating speeds, and the photoelectric performance of device were measured. By using DNA compounded with cetyltrimethyl ammonium (CTMA) as the EBL and hole buffer layer, so-called BioLEDs. The DNA-based green Alq3 BioLEDs achieve higher luminance (39 000 cd m−2) and higher current efficiency (8.4 cd A−1), which are increased by 49% and 54%, respectively, compared to the reference OLEDs without the addition of DNA. Similarly, the maximum luminance and efficiency of yellow Rubrene BioLEDs is increased by 64% (from 12 120 to 19 820 cd m−2) and 74% (from 1.36 to 2.36 cd A−1), the luminance and efficiency of blue TCTA BioLEDs is increased by 101% and 245%. Specifically, we found that as the thickness of DNA-CTMA increases, the exciton recombination region moves towards the interface between the emitting layer (EML) and the hole transport layer (HTL). By better confining excitons within the EML, the current efficiency of the BioLEDs is effectively improved. Accordingly, we provide a possible idea for achieve high performance DNA-based BioLEDs by adding DNA-CTMA EBL and hole buffer layers. Meanwhile, as the DNA thickness increases, the exciton recombination region moves towards the EML/HTL interface, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the DNA-based BioLEDs.

Mini Electrode Based on Chitosan-Activated Carbon Membrane for Detection of Paracetamol in Herbal Medicine

A tube type mini electrode has been made to detect paracetamol levels in herbal medicine, the electrode is made of a glass tube with a diameter of 0.7 cm, a length of 3 cm. As the membrane is a mixture of chitosan, activated carbon from rice husk, and cetyl trimethyl ammonium (CTA)-paracetamol. The internal solution is a standard solution of 0.01 M paracetamol in a solution of phosphoric acid pH 2. The average sensitivity of the paracetamol sensor is (22.60 ± 0.01) mV/decade in a linear concentration range of 10-6 – 5x10-3 M, with an average recovery of (90.6 ± 0.5) %. Paracetamol sensor electrodes can be applied to samples of herbal medicine on the market, with an average error of (9.4 ± 0.1) %.

Comparison of DNA Isolation Methods that Derived from Leaves of a Potential Anti-Cancer Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) Plant

The content of polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and RNA compounds is the main problem often found in Plants DNA isolation, which inhibit the process of DNA isolation. Comparing the methods of plant DNA isolation is necessary for obtaining the DNA with good quality, purity, high concentration and efficiency time and cost. This study aimed to determine the best DNA isolation method that derived from leaves of a potential anti-cancer Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme) plant by comparing the conventional DNA isolation method (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide/CTAB) and 2 commercial kits (Promega Wizard™ Genomic DNA Purification Kits, and Geneaid Genomic Mini Kit). The results showed that the CTAB method yielded a higher amount of DNA (>100 ng/µL) at the cost of 0.49 USD per sample, in comparison with Promega method (69.19 to 157.68 ng/µL) at 3.28 USD per sample and Geneaid method (8.15 to 18.52 ng/µL) at 2.06 USD per sample. Based on the purity of isolated DNA (A260/280), CTAB method produced relatively similar DNA quality to Promega kit (1.8-2.0). On the other hand, Geneaid method resulted in a lower purity value at 1.15 to 1.60.

Effects of Nanofillers Based on Cetyltrimethylammonium-Modified Clays in a Polypropylene Nanocomposite.

Nanocomposites of hydrophobic organo-clay/polypropylene (organo-clay/PP) were efficiently developed through a solution-blending technique. For this, we utilized various smectite clays as host agents; namely, Na-montmorillonite (Mt, ~1000 nm), Na-fluorine mica (Mica, ~1500 nm), and Na-hectorite (Ht, ~60 nm) with varied sizes, layer charges, and aspect ratios. Such clays were functionalized with cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) bromide via an intercalation technique to obtain hydrophobic organic clays. The as-made clay particles were further mixed with a PP/xylene solution; the latter was removed to obtain the final product of the CTA-clay/PP nanocomposite. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that there were no characteristic (001) diffraction peaks for CTA-Mica in the PP nanocomposites containing CTA-Mica, assuring the fact that the Mica layers could be completely exfoliated and thereby homogenously composited within the PP. On the other hand, the CTA-Mt and CTA-Ht incorporated composites had broader (001) peaks, which might have been due to the partial exfoliation of CTA-Mt and CTA-Ht in the composites. Among the three CTA-clay/PP nanocomposites, the CTA-Mica nanohybrid showed an enhanced thermal stability by ~42 °C compared to the intact host polymer matrix. We also noted that when the CTA-Mica content was ~9 mass % in the nanocomposites, the Young’s modulus was drastically maximized to 69%. Our preliminary results therefore validated that out of the three tested clay-PP nanocomposites, the CTA-Mica nanofiller served as the best one to improve both the thermal and mechanical properties of the PP nanocomposites.

Functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with CTACe surfactant and polyethylene glycol as potential drug carrier

Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) pure is easy to form aggregate, making it difficult to apply as a drug carrier since it can be toxic to the body. It can be overcome by functionalization using surfactants, like cetyltrimethyl ammonium trichloro-monobromo-cerate (CTACe) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). First, MWCNT was functionalized with CTACe surfactant, then further PEG 6000 was used with several MWCNT-CTACe ratios. The functionalization was conducted under ultrasonic treatment, then followed by filtration, washing, and drying. The functionalized MWCNT underwent dispersion tests using water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvents. A dispersion test with water solvent shows that the functionalized MWCNT still forms aggregates within a few minutes. Whereas, in DMSO solvent, the functionalized MWCNT can be stabilized for more than five days without forming aggregates. FTIR results show a new peak at 1105 cm−1 and an increased peak intensity around 3432 cm−1, corresponding to C-N and hydrogen bonding of N-H vibration from the CTACe. The FTIR from PEG addition shows an increase in the wavenumbers around 3432,87 cm−1, indicating the strength of O-H/N-H intermolecular hydrogen interactions of O-H PEG with N-H surfactant ether bonds.

Maghnite: an innovative inorganic reinforcement utilized in the synthesis of polyamide 12 nanocomposites with optimized thermal and mechanical properties

Abstract This study will contribute to the identification and understanding of the reinforcement mechanisms of thermoplastic matrices by nanofillers. This aspect is addressed through the investigation of the thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites consisting of a polyamide 12 (PA12) matrix crammed with organically modified clay nanoparticles. An efficient approach to the synthesis of polyamide 12 (PA12) nanocomposites was investigated; Maghnite may be a processed Algerian mineral clay which will act both as a catalyst and as an inorganic reinforcement. Two sorts of organic substances were used, labeled CTA-Mag (1CEC) and CTA-Mag (2CEC), modified by cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) ions. However, PA12/CTA-Mag nanocomposites are characterized by various physico-chemical techniques, XRD, FTIR, TGA, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Measurements of tensile modulus, yield strength, lastingness, elongation at break and toughness were done to assess the behavior of the mechanical properties. Furthermore, we have analyzed the consequences of the mass fraction of the fillers on the structural, thermal and mechanical properties of those nanocomposites. Specific attention has been paid to the study of relationships between the macroscopic properties and therefore the structure of nanocomposites. Thermomechanical tests showed a big improvement within the properties of the nanocomposites compared to neat PA12.

Effects of oilfield injection water component on rheological characteristics of CTAC/NaSal aqueous solution

AbstractThe additive drag reduction technology has wide application and high economic value in drag reduction of oilfield water injection system. With CTAC/NaSal (cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride/sodium salicylate) aqueous solution as the research object, this paper explores the effects of oilfield water component on its rheological characteristics under the experimental condition of 10–60°C, .1–1 000 s−1, and 0.01–0.21 wt %. The experimental results reveal that the oil cannot inhibit the formation of shear‐induced structure in the solution and strengthen the temperature resistance of the solution; NaHCO3 and CaCl2, two types of salts, have similar effects on rheological characteristics of the CTAC/NaSal solution. The solution viscosity increases first and then decreases with the increase of salt concentration. And the viscosity peak gradually moves to the left lower with the increase of temperature, which means that the salt tolerance of the solution decreases with the increase of temperature. Moreover, the Giesekus model has the best performance for describing the rheological characteristics of surfactant solutions. Within the experimental concentration range, the relative error is ±25%.

Acid-Catalytic Oxidation of Thiophene by Hydrogen Peroxide in n-Octane–Water System

The effect of the reaction time and temperature, composition and concentration of the oxidizing mixture on the degree of thiophene conversion in the n-octane–water two-phase system was studied. The oxidative activity of peroxyacids generated from hydrogen peroxide and acids (trifluoroacetic, formic, nitrous) changes in the series СF3COOOH > HCOOOH > HOONO. The addition of cetyl(trimethyl)ammonium bromide inhibit the oxidation of thiophene.

Photoswitchable 11 nm CsCoFe Prussian Blue Analogue Nanocrystals with High Relaxation Temperature

Photoswitchable 11 nm nanocrystals with the coordination network Cs{Co[Fe(CN)6]} were obtained using a template-free method. The nanocrystals were recovered from the colloidal solutions as solid materials surrounded by cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) cations or embedded in the organic polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Complementary magnetic, spectroscopic, and structural techniques, including EPR spectroscopy, reveal a majority (∼70%) of the low-spin and photoactive diamagnetic CoIIIFeII pairs located in the core of the nanocrystals and a mixture of CoIIFeII and CoIIFeIII species present mainly within the shell of the objects. While bulk compounds with similar vacancy concentration do not exhibit noticeable photoinduced charge transfer, the observed photoactivity of the nanocrystals is ascribed to their nanometric size. The relaxation temperature of the photoinduced state shifts upward by ∼55 K when PVP is replaced by CTA. This is ascribed to the larger rigidity of the dense CsCoFe_CTA material, whose metastable state is lower than that for CsCoFe_PVP, leading to a larger relaxation energy barrier and, therefore, to a higher relaxation temperature.

Effect of organo-smectite clays on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of EVA nanocomposites

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) nanocomposites containing hydrophobic organo-clays were prepared by a solution blending method to investigate the role of organic modifiers stabilized in the interlayer space of host clays on the thermal stability and mechanical strength of EVA. The smectite clays such as Mt. (Na-montmorillonite), Mica (Na‑fluorine mica), and Ht (Na-hectorite) were used as the host with different particle sizes, but hydrophobically modified by intercalating the long chained alkylammonium surfactants like cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) bromide, and dimethyldistearylammonium (DMDSA) bromide to form organo-clays. Thus, prepared organo-clays were dispersed homogeneously in a toluene solution of EVA, and then the toluene was evaporated to obtain the organo-clay/EVA nanocomposites. According to the powder XRD analyses for all the nanocomposites, the CTA-clays were better exfoliated and dispersed in EVA matrix than the DMDSA-ones. Among three CTA-clay/EVA nanocomposites, the CTA-Mica/EVA one was determined to be the best in terms of thermal stability compared to the other two nanocomposites, CTA-Mt/EVA and CTA-Ht/EVA. The thermal stability of the CTA-Mica/EVA nanocomposite was significantly improved by ~38 °C, compared to that of the pristine EVA. Upon increasing the CTA-Mica loading concentration up to 12 wt% in EVA matrix, the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the EVA nanocomposites were increased up to 54% in maximum. It is, therefore, suggested that the CTA-Mica is a potential nanofiller for enhancing the thermal stability and mechanical properties of EVA.

Hydrophobic ion pairing (HIP) of (poly)peptide drugs: Benefits and drawbacks of different preparation methods

In order to incorporate hydrophilic macromolecular drugs into lipid-based formulations (LBF), HIP has shown great potential. In this study, different HIP methods were compared with each other. Hydrophobic complexes were formed between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and either dodecyl sulfate, cetyl trimethylammonium or 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate applying the organic solvent-free method, Bligh-Dyer method and biphasic metathesis reaction either with ethyl acetate or chloroform as organic phase. Complex formation efficiency was determined. Hydrophobicity of the obtained complexes was characterized by their apparent partition coefficient between 1-butanol and water. The highest complex formation efficiency was achieved with the Bligh-Dyer method, followed by the organic solvent-free method and the biphasic metathesis reaction. When applying the organic solvent-free method, complex formation efficiency was hampered at higher surfactant concentrations due to the formation of micelles. Furthermore, this method could only be applied for water-soluble compounds. On the contrary, the Bligh-Dyer method was robust towards high surfactant concentrations. Moreover, it enables the use of water-insoluble compounds. The rank order Bligh-Dyer method > organic solvent-free method > biphasic metathesis reaction was confirmed by the log D. According to these results, the Bligh-Dyer method appears advantageous for HIP. However, the organic-solvent free method is an adequate alternative for water-soluble compounds.

Enhanced Surface Activity of MWW Zeolite Nanosheets Prepared via a One-Step Synthesis.

The synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) zeolites has garnered attention due to their superior properties for applications that span catalysis to selective separations. Prior studies of 2D zeolite catalysts demonstrated enhanced mass transport for improved catalyst lifetime and selectivity. Moreover, the significantly higher external surface area of 2D materials allows for reactions of bulky molecules too large to access interior pores. There are relatively few protocols for preparing 2D materials, owing to the difficultly of capping growth in one direction to only a few unit cells. To accomplish this, it is often necessary to employ complex, commercially unavailable organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) prepared via multistep synthesis. However, a small subset of zeolite structures exist as naturally layered materials where postsynthesis steps can be used to exfoliate samples and produce ultrathin 2D nanosheets. In this study, we selected a common layered zeolite, the MWW framework, to explore methods of preparing 2D nanosheets via one-pot synthesis in the absence of complex organic templates. Using a combination of high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy, we show that 2D MMW-type layers with an average thickness of 3.5 nm (ca. 1.5 unit cells) can be generated using the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA), which operates as a dual OSDA and exfoliating agent to affect Al siting and to eliminate the need for postsynthesis exfoliation, respectively. We tested these 2D catalysts using a model reaction that assesses external (surface) Brønsted acid sites and observed a marked increase in the conversion relative to three-dimensional MWW (MCM-22) and 2D layers prepared from postsynthesis exfoliation (ITQ-2). Collectively, our findings identify a facile and effective route to directly synthesize 2D MWW-type materials, which may prove to be more broadly applicable to other layered zeolites.

Behaviour of Nitrogen Soluble Forms in Natural Water in the Presence of Anionic and Cationic Surfactants and Mineral Substrates

The redox processes, organic substances accumulation, chemical equilibria and adsorption of organic substances on the substrate surface function of natural water compositions and substrate granule sizes have been investigated. Laboratory simulations have been carried out for the Nistru and Isnovat river waters. The natural water models containing laurylsulphate (LS) as anionic surfactant (SAS An) and cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA) as cationic surfactant (SAS Ct), separately and in a body, as well as the substrates Al(OH)3, Al2O3, CaCO3, H2SiO3, light fraction (clayey) of diatomite and expanded clay powder have been studied. The timely distribution of the soluble nitrogen species containing NH4+, NO2- and NO3- in the samples of natural waters has been analyzed. It has been found that LS diminishes the redox processes braking due to the partial fixation of toxic organic matter. Similar, but more pronounced enhancement impact on oxidation of nitrite ions as a result of fixation and sedimentation of organic components has been found in the case of the calcium carbonate powder. Also, CaCO3 produces a better SAS Ct separation/inactivation of organic part in the presence of both anionic and cationic SASs. A water self-purification processes effectiveness in polluted river waters decreases in the CaCO3, Al(OH)3, Al2O3, H2SiO3, light fraction (clayey) of diatomite, expanded clay powder substrate series.

Synthesis and size control of monodisperse magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles by microemulsion method

Uniform and highly dispersed magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles were synthesized in cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide/cyclohexane/isopropanol/water microemulsion. The effect of different experimental conditions on particle size was investigated and the control mechanism was discussed. The results indicated that the R value (R= [water]/[surfactant]) and the dosage of isopropanol could control the particle size by varying the “water droplet” size in microemulsion; the Mg2+ concentration and the mole ratio of Mg2+ to OH− could fine tune the particle size by varying the solution supersaturation in water droplet. The dosage of isopropanol had the greatest influence on particle size and could control the particle size in the range of 53.66 to 110.06 nm. Our evidences demonstrate that the magnesium hydroxide particle size can be precisely controlled and could realize better application value.

Cover Feature: Counter Cation Dependent and Stimuli Responsive Supramolecular Polymers Constructed by Calix[4]pyrrole Based Host–Guest Interactions (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 4/2019)

The Cover Feature shows the counter cation dependent and pH-responsive supramolecular polymers based on the host–guest recognition motif of a well-known macrocycle calix[4]pyrrole and its tethered carboxylate unit. Unlike its congener tetrabutylammonium cation, when cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) was used as the counter cation, they were found to be a direct part of supramolecular polymer via cation-π interactions between cone-shaped calix[4]pyrroles and CTA. This allowed supramolecular polymers to establish further hydrophobic interactions and to form gels at elevated concentrations. More information can be found in the Full Paper by A. Aydogan et al.

Counter Cation Dependent and Stimuli Responsive Supramolecular Polymers Constructed by Calix[4]pyrrole Based Host–Guest Interactions

Carboxylate tethered calix[4]pyrroles in the form of their tetrabutylammonium (TBA) and cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) salts were synthesized via an acid base reaction between the corresponding carboxylic acid functionalized calix[4]pyrrole and tetrabutyl‐ or cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide. The host–guest recognition motif based on these calix[4]pyrrole macrocycles and tethered carboxylate units was employed to construct novel A–B type supramolecular polymers from low molecular weight monomers in chloroform. These supramolecular polymers were found to be dependent on the counter cation in terms of the properties of supramolecular polymers. 1H‐, DOSY‐, NOESY‐NMR spectroscopic analyses, viscosity measurements, and SEM results were used to characterize supramolecular polymers and revealed that the CTA cation becomes a direct part of supramolecular polymer via cation–π interactions between the ammonium part of CTA and carboxylate‐bound calix[4]pyrrole, effecting the overall properties of supramolecular polymers such as viscosity, gel formation, and drawing fibers. Additionally, reversible pH‐ and thermo‐responsiveness of the supramolecular polymers were demonstrated for the first time for an anion recognition induced calix[4]pyrrole based supramolecular polymer.

Preparation and surface modification of magnesium hydroxide in a cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide/isopropanol/cyclohexane/water microemulsion

A scalable technique for controlled synthesis and surface modification of magnesium hydroxide using the microemulsion method at room temperature was studied. The magnesium hydroxide nucleation and growth were carried out in numerous identical nanoreactors formed by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide/isopropanol/cyclohexane/water microemulsion. The crystal structure, morphology, thermostability and surface performance of the product as flame-resistant material were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dispersion tests. The results indicated that the product had a flake structure and belonged to a hexagonal system, the highly defined nanoflakes had a uniform diameter, and the diameter size can be well controlled in the range of 40–65 nm by adjusting the ratio of water to surfactant. The thermostability analyses showed a narrowed decomposition temperature range. Furthermore, the surfactant in microemulsion was adsorbed on the particles surface, making the surface of magnesium hydroxide changed from hydrophilic to lipophilic. Therefore the reported magnesium hydroxide material has a better flame resistance and compatibility with polymer materials than conventional magnesium hydroxide.

Magneto-optical and thermal characteristics of magnetite nanoparticle-embedded DNA and CTMA-DNA thin films

Recently, DNA molecules embedded with magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNPs) drew much attention for their wide range of potential usage. With specific intrinsic properties such as low optical loss, high transparency, large band gap, high dielectric constant, potential for molecular recognition, and their biodegradable nature, the DNA molecule can serve as an effective template or scaffold for various functionalized nanomaterials. With the aid of cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA) surfactant, DNA can be used in organic-based applications as well as water-based ones. Here, DNA and CTMA-DNA thin films with various concentrations of MNPs fabricated by the drop-casting method have been characterized by optical absorption, refractive index, Raman, and cathodoluminescence measurements to understand the binding, dispersion, chemical identification/functional modes, and energy transfer mechanisms, respectively. In addition, magnetization was measured as a function of either applied magnetic field or temperature in field cooling and zero field cooling. Saturation magnetization and blocking temperature demonstrate the importance of MNPs in DNA and CTMA-DNA thin films. Finally, we examine the thermal stabilities of MNP-embedded DNA and CTMA-DNA thin films through thermogravimetric analysis, derivative thermogravimetry, and differential thermal analysis. The unique optical, magnetic, and thermal characteristics of MNP-embedded DNA and CTMA-DNA thin films will prove important to fields such as spintronics, biomedicine, and function-embedded sensors and devices.