This research demonstrates a novel methodology for structurally modifying kaolin clay to efficiently remove toxic lead ions from water through adsorption. Kaolin was systematically treated with hydrochloric acid, cetylpyridinium chloride surfactant, and calcium chloride to enhance its physico-chemical properties. BET surface area analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and BJH pore size measurements confirmed successful intercalation of surfactants between kaolin sheets, increasing the surface area from 43.2 to 57.1 m2 g-1 and inducing larger mesopores. Operational factors such as pH, dosage of adsorbent, time spent in contact, starting lead concentration, and temperature were tuned using batch adsorption tests. Maximum lead uptake of 29.58mgg-1 was attained at pH 5, 20mg adsorbent dose, 30mgL-1 initial lead concentration, 80min contact time, and 30°C temperature. Pseudo-second order kinetics and Sips isotherm models aptly characterized the adsorption, indicating chemisorption on heterogeneous sites. Positive enthalpy and entropy changes signified an endothermic and irreversible process. Regeneration studies demonstrated stable performance over five adsorption-desorption cycles. This comprehensive methodology integrates acid, surfactant, and cationic treatments to synthesize an eco-friendly kaolin adsorbent with enhanced selectivity and adsorption capacity for removing toxic lead from water.