Cetyltriammonium Bromide Research Articles

Nanocrystalline cellulose decorated quantum dots based tyrosinase biosensor for phenol determination

Novel biosensor architecture based on nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)/CdS quantum dots (QDs) nanocomposite was developed for phenol determination. This nanocomposite was prepared with slight modification of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) with cationic surfactant of cetyltriammonium bromide (CTAB) and further decorated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) capped CdS QDs. The nanocomposite material was then employed as scaffold for immobilization of tyrosinase enzyme (Tyr). The electrocatalytic response of Tyr/CTAB-NCC/QDs nanocomposite towards phenol was evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The current response obtained is proportional to the concentration of phenol which attributed to the reduction of o-quinone produced at the surface of the modified electrode. Under the optimal conditions, the biosensor exhibits good linearity towards phenol in the concentration range of 5–40 μM (R2 = 0.9904) with sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.078 μA/μM and 0.082 μM, respectively.

Lanthanum containing barium stannate nanoparticles synthesized by cetyltriammonium bromide assisted wet chemistry route for application in perovskite solar cell

Abstract In this paper, we report comparative photovoltaic performance of cetyltriammonium bromide assisted wet chemical route synthesized Ba0.94La 0.06SnO3 and sol-gel synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles using CH3NH3SnCl3 as absorber and NiO as hole transport layer. The X-ray diffraction patterns of Ba0.94La 0.06SnO3, TiO2 and NiO nanoparticles showed the formation of cubic, tetragonal and cubic phases, respectively with average crystallite size ∼ 25 nm. The X-ray diffraction pattern of CH3NH3SnCl3 nanoparticles exhibited the formation of monoclinic phase, with average crystallite size ∼ 5 nm. The band gap values of Ba0.94La 0.06SnO3, TiO2, NiO and CH3NH3SnCl3 nanoparticles are estimated as 3.6, 3.4, 3.5 and 2.8 eV, respectively. The silver contacts, which work as counter electrode, were thermally deposited, and device has been studied for power conversion efficiency under the illumination of ∼ 100 mW cm2.

Behavior of lanthanum containing barium stannate nanoparticles synthesized by cetyltriammonium bromide assisted wet chemistry route

In present study, we report dielectric, ferroelectric and pyroelectric behavior of pristine and La3+ containing barium stannate nanoparticles synthesized via wet chemical route involving cetyltriammonium bromide assisted thermal decomposition of binary precursors. The X-ray diffraction patterns of pristine and La3+ (2, 4 and 6 at%) doped BaSnO3 nanoparticles showed the formation of cubic perovskite phase. On substitution of Ba2+ lattice sites by La3+ at the La content of 6 at%, the sample exhibited fourfold increase in conductivity in comparison to pristine BaSnO3. Polarization hysteresis (P-E) curves of La containing barium stannate nanoparticles showed anti-ferroelectric behavior. The pyroelectric coefficient of pristine and La (2, 4 and 6 at%) containing BaSnO3 nanoparticles at 473 K were found to be 7.8, 11.6, 14.1 and 17.2 μCm−2K−1, respectively. Further, the responsivity and detectivity values were higher in comparison to the materials, such as AlN, GaN, CdS and ZnO.

Cetyltriammonium Bromide Assisted Synthesis of Lanthanum Containing Barium Stannate Nanoparticles for Application in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

In present work, correlation of structural and optical behavior of pristine and lanthanum containing barium stannate nanoparticles (synthesized via cetyltriammonium bromide (CTAB) assisted facile wet chemical route), and its effect on photovoltaic properties of dye‐sensitized solar cell are reported. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis of the dried compound presumably BaSn(OH)6, leads to the formation of BaSnO3 nanoparticles through three endothermic decomposition processes, via liberation of one mole of water in each step, together with removal of remaining CTAB in initial cycle. The X‐ray diffraction patterns reveal that substitution of Ba2+ lattice sites by La3+ (upto ≈6 at.%), the lattice retains its cubic Pm3m symmetry, however, unit cell contracts. The dye sensitized solar cells are fabricated using pristine and La‐ containing BaSnO3 as photo anode; platinum coated FTO as counter electrode, N719 dye as sensitizer and I−/I3− as electrolyte. These show the highest power conversion efficiency (≈9.2%) at the La content of 6 at.% which is about threefold increase in efficiency in comparison to pristine BaSnO3. The electron transport properties of these DSSC devices are investigated by electro chemical impedance spectroscopy.

Dispersion of organophilic Ag nanoparticles in PS-PMMA blends

The preparation of stable composites with well-controlled particle location is one of the challenges in formulating new polymer/nanoparticle mixtures. In this study, cetyltriammonium bromide (CTAB)-capped monodisperse Ag nanoparticles were prepared and mixed with an equimass blend of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in solution. The surface of the blend film without nanoparticles showed spherical pits with a size of 4.5 μm in diameter. The integration of CTAB-capped nanoparticles into the blend film developed surface bumps with a size of 0.4 μm in diameter. The organophilic Ag nanoparticles were distributed heterogeneously in the immiscible PS-PMMA blend. When the diameter of particle domains reached approximately 20 nm, particles were preferentially located at the interface of the PS and PMMA domains. Larger particle domains with a diameter of 90 nm were found to be in the PMMA-rich phase. Isothermal post-treatment of the PS-PMMA/Ag composite films directs the particle domains into PS domains. Thermodynamic factors that contribute to the observed morphologies are discussed.

Comparative Study on the Effects of Surfactants on the Electroless Copper Coated Solar Cell and Optimizing Its Process Parameters

An experimental investigation on optimizing process parameters in the electroless copper coatings on solar photovoltaic cells under specific coating conditions has been carried out and reported. Coating parameters such as pH, temperature, and surfactants concentration were varied, and corresponding coating thickness and voltage were measured. To optimize the above parameters, design of experiment was conducted using full factorial method. The pH was varied at 4 different values such as 4-5, 5-6, 8-9, and 9-10 and temperature was varied at different values such as 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, and 90°C. The two different surfactants such as Sodium Do-decyl sulfate and Cetyl tri ammonium bromide were added and their concentration was varied from 0–1.5 g/L to 0–1.8 g/L, respectively. When pH was 8-9, the coating thickness was maximum of 12 μm and 11.63 μm and it was minimum of 3 μm and 2.6 μm, when pH was at 4-5 for Sodium Do-decyl sulfate and Cetyl tri ammonium bromide respectively. The coating thickness increases up to 12 μm when the temperature was 85°C and further increase in temperature destabilizes the electroless bath. The coating thickness was a maximum of 11.25 μm/hr and 10.53 μm/hr, when the Sodium Dodecyl sulfate and Cetyl tri ammonium bromide concentrations were 1.2 g/L and 1.5 g/L, respectively. The increased coating thickness of solar cells imparts increased open circuit voltage from 0.43 V to 0.65 V. The detailed experimental results and their analysis are presented in the main paper.

Surface-Modification of Sulfur Nanoparticles with Surfactants and Application in Agriculture

This work presents the results of obtaining the sulfur nanoparticles, which can be used in agriculture as a fungicide. Sulfur nanoparticles were obtained by modifying the surface of sulfur using various surfactants including cetyltriammoniumbromide (CTAB), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfanate (SDBS) and Triton X-100 (TX-100). The size, crystal structure and morphology of sulfur nanoparticles were determined by methods as laser size analyzing (LSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the nanoparticles had a sulfur monoclinic β-form struture, and their average size was in the range of 1000-1500 nm.

Electrodeposition of Zn–Ni Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites and Their Properties

The Zn–Ni composite coatings on mild steel substrate were prepared by incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) through electrodeposition. The reinforcement of MWCNTs was increased by achieving high dispersion in the plating electrolyte. Surfactants cetyltriammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and Triton X 100 were made use. The individual CNTs are active in the UV–vis region, and UV–vis spectroscopy was utilized to evaluate the extent of dispersion. Dynamic light scattering technique (DLS) was applied to calculate particle size distribution statistics with different surfactants. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were utilized to study the deposits’ morphology, structure, and composition, respectively. The coated specimens were tested for their corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl through polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) studies. Surfactants deagglomerated the particles and enhanced t...

Nanoparticles of Sulfur as Fungicidal Products for Agriculture

Sulfur is a nonmetallic element necessary for life. Sulfur nanopartieles display unique physical and chemical feature because of effects such as the quantum size effect, mini size effect, surface effect and macro-quantum tunnel effect. So sulfur nanoparticles would present higher efficacies such as removal of heavy metals, radical-scavenging, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant and antitumor activities. It is used as a fungicide product in agriculture, also used in medicine, to obtain sulfur fertilizers and cosmetics industries, as well as in obtaining nanocomposite lithium batteries. In synthesis of sulfur nanowires with carbon to from hybrid materials with useful properties for gas sensor and catalytic applications. This work presents the results of obtaining the sulfur nanoparticles, which can be used in agriculture as a fungicide treatment. Sulfur nanoparticles were obtained by modifying the surface of sulfur by various surfactants including cetyltriammoniumbromide (CTABr), Sulfanol, Sodium Ligninsulfonate (CMN), Sodium salt of polynaphthalene sulphonic acid (NNO), water soluble polymer sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), mineral mixtures and their compositions. The size and the structure of sulfur nanoparticles were determined by methods as LSA, XRD, SEM. Been studied the value of adsorption at the interface of solid/gas. It is shown that the nanoparticles have a sulfur monoclinic B-form, and their average size is in the range 500-1000 nm. The received products can be considered as perspective forms of application in agriculture.

Electrochemical studies on Zn/nano-CeO2 electrodeposited composite coatings

The Zn–CeO2 composite coatings through electrodeposition technique were successfully fabricated on mild steel substrate. As a comparison pure zinc coating was also prepared. The concentration of CeO2 nanoparticles was varied in the electrolytic bath and the composites were electrodeposited both in the presence and absence of cetyltriammonium bromide (CTAB). The performance of the CeO2 nanoparticles towards the deposition, crystal structure, texture, surface morphology and electrochemical corrosion behavior was studied. For characterizations of the electrodeposits, the techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Both the additives ceria and surfactant polarize the reduction processes and thus influence the deposition process, surface nature and the electrochemical properties. The electrochemical experiments like potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) studies carried out in 3.5wt.% NaCl solution explicit higher corrosion resistance by CeO2 incorporated coating in the presence of surfactant.

Synthesis of Fluorinated Silica Nanoparticles and the Wetting Prevention Ability

Fluorinated silica nanoparticles (FSNs) were synthesized by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate and fluoroalkyl siloxane, and by the assistance of surfactant of cetyltriammonium bromide (CTAB) under basic condition. Through adjusting the synthesis conditions, the better particles distribution of fluorinated silica could be obtained. Then the FSNs were used to prepare liquid marble with water and the stability of the liquid marble was tested to investigate the wetting prevention ability of the fluorinated silica nanoparticles.

A New Method for Characterization of Natural Zeolites and Organic Nanostructure Using Atomic Force Microscopy.

In order to study and develop an economical solution to environmental pollution in water, a wide variety of materials have been investigated. Natural zeolites emerge from that research as the best in class of this category. Zeolites are natural materials which are relatively abundant and non biodegradable, economical and serve to perform processes of environmental remediation. This paper contains a full description of a new method to characterize the superficial properties of natural zeolites of exotic provenience (Caribbean Islets) with atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM works with the simplicity of the optical microscope and the high resolution typical of a transmission electron microscope (TEM). If the sample is conductive, structural information of mesoporous material is obtained using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), otherwise the sample has to be processed through the grafitation technique, but this procedure induces errors of topography. Therefore, the existing AFM method, to observe zeolite powders, is made in a liquid cell-head scanner. This work confirms that it is possible to use an ambient air-head scanner to obtain a new kind of microtopography. Once optimized, this new method will allow investigation of organic micelles, a very soft nanostructure of cetyltriammonium bromide (CTAB), upon an inorganic surface such as natural zeolites. The data also demonstrated some correlation between SEM microphotographies and AFM 3D images.

Production and characterization of biosurfactant produced by a novel Pseudomonas sp. 2B

Biosurfactant-producing bacteria were isolated from terrestrial samples collected in areas contaminated with petroleum compounds. Isolates were screened for biosurfactant production using Cetyl Tri Ammonium Bromide (CTAB)–Methylene blue agar selection medium and the qualitative drop-collapse test. An efficient bacterial strain was selected based on rapid drop collapse activity and highest biosurfactant production. The biochemical characteristics and partial sequenced 16S rRNA gene of isolate, 2B, identified the bacterium as Pseudomonas sp. Five different low cost carbon substrates were evaluated for their effect on biosurfactant production. The maximum biosurfactant synthesis (4.97g/L) occurred at 96h when the cells were grown on modified PPGAS medium containing 1% (v/v) molasses at 30°C and 150rpm. The cell free broth containing the biosurfactant could reduce the surface tension to 30.14mN/m. The surface active compound showed emulsifying activity against a variety of hydrocarbons and achieved a maximum emulsion index of 84% for sunflower oil. Compositional analysis of the biosurfactant reveals that the extracted biosurfactant was a glycolipid type, which was composed of high percentages of lipid (∼65%, w/w) and carbohydrate (∼32%, w/w). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum of extracted biosurfactant indicates the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and methoxyl functional groups. The mass spectra (MS) shows that dirhamnolipid (l-rhamnopyranosyl-l-rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate, Rha-Rha-C10-C10) was detected in abundance with the predominant congener monorhamnolipid (l-rhamnopyranosyl-β-hydroxydecanoyl-β-hydroxydecanoate, Rha-C10-C10). The crude oil recovery studies using the biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas sp. 2B suggested its potential application in microbial enhanced oil recovery and bioremediation.

A New Method for Characterization of Natural Zeolites and Organic Nanostructure using Atomic Force Microscopy

AbstractIn order to study and develop an economic solution to environmental pollution in water, a wide variety of materials were investigated. Natural zeolites emerge from that research as the best in class of this category. Zeolites are natural materials relatively abundant and non biodegradable, economic and good to perform processes of environmental remediation. This paper contains a full description of a new method to characterize superficial properties of natural zeolites of exotic provenience (Caribbean Islets) with atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM works with the optical microscope simplicity and the high resolution typical of a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Structural information of mesoporous material is obtained using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), only if the sample is conductive, otherwise the sample has to be processed through the grafitation technique, but this procedure induces errors of topography. Therefore, the existing AFM method, to observe zeolite powders, is made in a liquid cell-head scanner, but this work puts in evidence and confirms that it is possible to use an ambient air-head scanner to obtain a new kind of microtopography. Once optimized, this new method allows investigating of organic micelles, very soft nanostructure, of cetyltriammonium bromide (CTAB) upon an inorganic surface such as natural zeolites. It is shown some correlation between SEM microphotographies and AFM 3D images.

Synthesis of Zno Nanorods by Hydrothermal Method for Gas Sensor Applications

Abstract ZnO nanorods with different sizes and shapes have been successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal route, using zinc acetate and Cetyltriammonium bromide (CTAB) as the reactants. The thick films of as prepared ZnO were prepared by screen-printing technique in desired pattern. The films are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The gas sensing properties of the materials have been investigated for various interfering gases such as CO2, CO, Ethanol, NH3 and H2S etc at operating temperature from 30° (room temperature) to 300°C. The results indicate that the ZnO nanorod thick films showed much better sensitivity and stability than the conventional materials to H2S gas at 30°C. The nanoshaped pillar can improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensors. ZnO nanorods are excellent potential candidates for gas sensors.

A Fluorometric Fullerenol Sensor for Rapid Detection of Ionic and Non-Ionic Surfactants

Abstract A fullerenol sensor utilizing fluorescence quenching of a labeled protein was developed for rapid detection and quantification of ionic (cetyltriammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulphate, (SDS)) and non-ionic (Tween 20 and Triton X-100) surfactants in solution. The sensor is based on the competitive adsorption of the surfactants and the fluorescently labeled protein to fullerenols – hydroxylated buckminsterfullerenes. The fluorescence quenching between fullerenols and the fluorochrome-labeled protein was detected and related to the replacement of the labeled protein by the surfactants. The non-ionic surfactants could be measured at sub to low micromolar concentrations whereas significantly higher concentration of ionic surfactants was required to efficiently cover the fullerenol surface. The combination of the novel fullerenol sensor with existing micro titer plate fluorometric instrumentation can find use as a versatile and rapid probe for tracing various types of surface active molecules.

Strongly acidic mesoporous aluminosilicates prepared from zeolite seeds: acylation of anisole with octanyl chloride

Ultrastable acidic mesoporous aluminosilicates (MCM-48-S, MCM-48-SH, MCM-41-S) with mesostructures, strong acidity, and high hydrothermal stability was synthesized from assembly of cetyltriammonium bromide (CTAB) and pre-formed zeolite Beta seed. The catalytic application of the solid acid catalysts (HMCM-41-S and HMCM-48-SH) was demonstrated with the Friedel–Crafts acylation of aromatics. High conversion (>90%) and high selectivity (100%) were obtained.

Analysis of selenized yeast for selenium speciation by size-exclusion chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection (SEC-CZE-ICP-MS)

A two-dimensional separation approach based on size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) followed by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is proposed for the mapping of seleno-compounds in aqueous extracts of selenized yeast. The coupling of CZE with ICP-MS via a self-aspirating total consumption micronebulizer was optimized for the separation of Se species. Selenate, selenite, selenocystine, selenomethionine and selenoethionine could be baseline separated at pH 10.5 using a 10 mM phosphate buffer containing 0.8 mM cetyltriammonium bromide. Detection limits were 7–18 ng mL−1 for a 20 nL injection. The CZE-ICP-MS analysis of a yeast extract demonstrated the presence of many Se species, which all migrated less rapidly than any of the standards. The following difficulties occurred during the CZE-ICP-MS analysis of the SEC fractions of the extract: the recovery of the high-molecular Se-species from the electrophoretic capillary, the presence of a large number of compounds in the medium-molecular weight fraction and the presence of a single intense peak for the low-molecular weight fraction. Proteolysis of the high- and medium-molecular weight fractions dramatically improved the recovery of Se species from the capillary, resulting in several peaks in the CZE-ICP-MS electropherograms.

A method for evolutionary studies on RFLP of chloroplast DNA, applicable to a range of plant species

A fast and low cost method for the isolation of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), suitable for RFLP analysis, applicable to evolutionary studies in a variety of plant species, is introduced. The method is based on the isolation of chloroplasts in the presence of high salt concentrations and cpDNA isolation using cetyl triammonium bromide (CTAB). The cpDNA preparations obtained can be analysed with restriction endonucleases and are satisfactorily free of nuclear and mitochrondrial DNA contamination. The yield of cpDNA is of the same magnitude as has been described before for other methods

Isolation and characterization of mitochondrial DNA of the oomycetous fungus Phytophthora infestans

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Phytophthora infestans has been isolated and preliminarily characterized. It has a low GC content of about 22.4% which is distinctly different from that of nuclear DNA (51 %). This property has been used to separate both DNA species in the presence of 4',6-diamidine-2-phenylindole (DAPI) in CsCl density gradients. The use of cetyl triammonium bromide (CTAB) for extraction of DNA significantly reduced its degradation. The base distribution of the mtDNA shows a limited intramolecular heterogeneity. The molecule contains 36.2 ± 0.3 kb as revealed by endonuclease digestion and seems to be circular as shown by restriction mapping. No differences were found in restriction patterns between mtDNAs from various pathotypes.