Background and objectiveTo analyze the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the possible epidemiological association with conditions of clinical relevance in women. Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study from Mexico City was conducted from January 2012 to December 2014. HPV molecular detection was performed on cervical samples. Data were analyzed with appropriated statistic tests. ResultsA total of 1604 females (median 47, interquartile range 38–54) were analyzed. Global prevalence of infection for any HPV is 9.91% (95% CI 8.6–11.3). An association between infection with 16-HPV and number of abortions (NA) (OR=1.427; 95% CI 1.091–1.866), by univariate regression model (UVRM) was estimated. Moreover, menarche (OR=1.566; 95% CI 1.079–2.272), NA (OR=1.570; 95% CI 1.106–2.227) and number of pregnancies (NP) (OR=0.461; 95% CI 0.260–0.818) have a direct and inverse association with infection by genotype 18 of HPV, respectively. Also, infection with HR-HPV genotypes has an inverse association with NP (OR=0.791; 95% CI 0.707–0.884) by normal labor (OR=0.867; 95% CI 0.767–0.979) and NA (OR=0.715; 95% CI 0.534–0.959) (UVRM), and a direct association with number of sexual partners (OR=1.082; 95% CI 1.015–1.154). Onset of sexual activity has an inverse association with infection by genotype 16- (UVRM: OR=0.814; 95% CI 0.715–0.926; multinomial regression model (MNRM): OR=0.803; 95% CI 0.702–0.918) and HR-HPV (UVRM: OR=0.933; 95% CI 0.889–0.980, and MNRM: OR=0.912; 95% CI 0.867–0.959), all p values were lower than .03. ConclusionsPrevalence of HPV cervical infection is different according to age and it is associated with several medical conditions of clinical relevance in women.