Cervical Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Research Articles

Cervical human papillomavirus genotypes in a high HIV setting: A scoping review of a decade of human papillomavirus epidemiological research in Botswana.

Cervical cancer burden is still high in low- and middle-income countries, including Botswana. Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer. Accurate knowledge of HPV diversity associated to cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa may provide accurate understanding of the natural history of HPV infection in these contexts. The goal of this review was to consolidate existing evidence on cervical HPV infection and to conduct a pooled analysis of data from all eligible Botswana studies. After a successful review of twelve studies on cervical HPV genotypes that met the inclusion criteria, HPV-16 genotype was the most frequently discovered in women with pre-cancerous and cancer lesions, followed by HPV-18. HPV-16 in HIV-positive women with precancerous lesions to cancer is between 45% and 47.7%, and between 4.5% and 26.1% for HPV-18. With reference to other HPV genotypes, the proportion of HPV-35 and HPV-58 (13-16%) seems relatively consistent among the studies, however HPV-58 appears to be more common in HIV-positive subjects compared to HIV-negative women. Indeed, HPV-45 seems to be frequently detected in women with cervical cancer compared to women with precancerous lesions. Regarding the low-risk HPV genotypes, an appropriate breakdown has been provided. In conclusion, the current prophylactic vaccines against HPV-16 and HPV-18, which have demonstrated good immunogenicity in HIV-infected populations, may still prevent infection and ultimately cancer.

Anal and cervical human papillomavirus genotypes in women co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus: A systematic review.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are sexually transmitted. There are several HPV genotypes and clinical manifestations. Determining which genotypes circulate worldwide and/or in specific geographic areas can help with prevention programs and vaccine distribution. This systematic review aimed to investigate the most frequent anal and cervical HPV genotypes in women co-infected with HPV/HIV. The PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences databases were used to search for articles published between January 2015 and August 2021, and the included articles followed the defined selection criteria. Based on the 51 articles included, HPV16 was the most prevalent (41%) genotype, followed by HPV52 (17%) and HPV58 (14%). Based on the comparative analyses of the HIV-negative women with HPV and the HPV/HIV co-infected groups, HPV16 was frequent in both groups; HPV58, HPV31, and HPV52 were more frequent in the co-infected group; and HPV18 was more common in HIV-negative women with HPV. HPV/HIV co-infected women most frequently presented the HPV genotypes 16, 58, and 52, whereas HIV-negative women with HPV had a higher frequency of HPV16, HPV18, and HPV52 genotypes. The results indicate the importance of genotype surveillance as a strategy to improve preventive measures against HPV infection and its complications. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration number: CRD42020220121.

Human Papilloma Virus Distribution Across the African Diaspora.

PURPOSEUnderstanding the distribution of human papilloma virus (HPV) subtypes in limited-resource settings is imperative for cancer prevention strategies in these regions. The objective of our study is to compare the prevalence of cervical HPV genotypes in women across the African diaspora.METHODSThis study was approved by the African Caribbean Consortium (AC3). Six member institutions (Benin, Ethiopia, The Bahamas, Tobago, Curacao, and Jamaica) provided independently collected HPV data. Prevalence comparisons across for each nation were performed followed by an assessment of anticipated 9-valent vaccine coverage. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used with significance at P < .05.RESULTSOne thousand three hundred fifty high-risk (HR) and 584 low-risk (LR) HPV subtypes were identified in the entire cohort. The most common HR HPV subtype was HPV 16 (17.9%) of infections. The distribution of HR and LR subtypes varied by country. The proportion of HR-HPV subtypes covered by the current 9-valent vaccine was lower in African countries compared with the Caribbean countries (47.9% v 67.9%; P < .01). No significant difference was seen for LR subtypes (8.1% African continent v 5.2% Caribbean; P = .20). Marked variation in the proportion of infections covered by the 9-valent vaccine persisted in individual countries.CONCLUSIONSignificant variations in HPV prevalence were identified among African and Afro-Caribbean women. A large number of women in these regions are potentially uncovered by current vaccination formulation, particularly low-risk HPV infections.

Cervical Human Papillomavirus genotypes in HIV-infected women: a cross-sectional analysis of the VALHIDATE study.

SummaryIntroductionPrimary-prevention by prophylactic vaccination against HPV-related cancers and HPV-based screening programs are based on HPV-type distribution in immunocompetent individuals. HIV-infected women are at high risk of invasive HPV-disease sustained by a broader range of HPV-types and have higher multi-type infection rates than immunocompetent hosts.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional analysis of High Risk HPV (HR HPV) type distribution in 805 HIV+ women (HIW) compared with a control group of 1402 immunocompetent HIV- women (SPW) enrolled in the VALHIDATE study in order to define HPV type-specific distribution according to cytology.ResultsHIW had a 3.8, 3.6, and 2.7 times higher risk of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) than SPW respectively. HPV-DNA prevalence was 28.4% in HIW and 11.81% in SPW (p<0.0001). The prevalence of infection increased from normal cytology to HSIL both in HIW (from 21.45% to 90.91%) and SPW (from 9.54% to 75%). The OR for women with normal cytology of having a positive HPV-DNA test result of was 2.6 times higher in HIW than in SPW. The cumulative prevalence of HPV-16/18 in HSIL is much lower in HIW (36.4±28.4) than SPW (62.5±33.5).ConclusionsA higher prevalence of infection and broader HPV type distribution were observed in HIV+ women compared to the general population. More than 60% of HSIL lesions of HIW patients are caused by single or multi-type infections from non-HPV16/18 HPVs. The potential 9v-HPV vaccine coverage could be even higher than that expected for the general population given the wide panel of HPV-types observed in the HSIL of HIV+ women.

Prevalence characteristics of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in the Taizhou area, China: a cross-sectional study of 37 967 women from the general population

ObjectivesHigh-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs) are highly prevalent worldwide, and HPV genotypes differ between geographical regions; however, sexually transmitted HPV may lead to cervical carcinogenesis. The objective of this cross-sectional study...

O1-S02.02 Are there mutual associations between the incidence of HPV infection and other sexually transmitted infections after controlling for sexual behaviour?

BackgroundWe aimed to determine (i) if other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase the risk of incident human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and (ii) if HPV infection predicts the incidence of other STIs.MethodsWomen aged 20–38 years were followed semi-annually for 18 months in Thailand (n=1200). Assessment was made on cervical HPV genotypes, cervical cytology, sexual behaviour, demographic factors and diagnoses of other STIs including chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes and trichomoniasis. Incident detection was defined as any type-specific HPV or other STI which was detected at current visit but not at previous visit. Associations were measured by ORs with 95% CIs estimated in generalised estimating equation models.ResultsDuring follow-up, 241 new cases of HPV, 110 incident cases of high risk (HR)-HPV and 46 new cases of other STIs were observed. Diagnosis of other STIs at previous visit was statistically significantly associated with twofold increased odds of any new HPV detection after controlling for sexual behaviour, age, pap smear status and contraceptive use [adjusted OR (aOR): any HPV: 2.16 (95% CI: 1.08% to 4.34%)] (Abstract O1-S02.02 table 1). No significant association was found between diagnosis of other STIs and subsequent incident detection of HR-HPV [aOR: 2.01 (95% CI: 0.74% to 5.48%)] (Abstract O1-S02.02 table 1). Positive detection of any HPV or HR-HPV predicted nearly twofold increased odds of other STIs with the estimates bordering on statistical significance [aORs: any HPV: 1.81 (95% CI: 0.94% to 3.49%); HR-HPV: 2.00 (95% CI: 0.82% to 4.83%)] (Abstract O1-S02.02 table 2).Abstract O1-S02.02 Table 1Unadjusted and adjusted estimates of detection of other STIs on HPV incidence (total number of visit pairs=3221)Number of visit pairs N=3221Incident detection at current visitUnadjusted OR† (95% CI)Adjusted OR† (95% CI)Diagnosis of the following at previous visitN (col %)New cases of any HPV, n= 241(7.5%) n (row%)New detection of any HPV type across consecutive visitsSTIs other than HPV infection* No3158 (98.0)230 (7.3)1.01.0 Yes63 (2.0)11 (17.5)2.46 (1.31 to 4.62)2.16 (1.08 to 4.34)New cases of any HR-HPV, n=110 (3.4%) n (row%)New detection of any HR- HPV type across consecutive visitsSTIs other than HPV infection* No3158 (98.0)105 (3.3)1.01.0 Yes63 (2.0)5 (7.9)2.42 (0.93 to 6.27)2.01 (0.74 to 5.48)* STIs other than HPV infection included the following: laboratory diagnoses of genital chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, as well as clinical diagnoses of genital herpes or trichomoniasis.† Estimates adjusted for age and study site at enrolment, as well as the following covariates assessed at each follow-up visit: pap smear diagnosis at previous visit, contraceptive use in last 6 months, number of lifetime partners, partners having sex with others in last 6 months, having new partner in last 12 months, male partner using condom in last 6 months, number of partners in last 6 months.HPV, human papillomavirus; HR-HPV, High-risk HPV, defined as HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 (IARC 2007); STIs, sexually transmitted infections.Abstract O1-S02.02 Table 2Unadjusted and adjusted estimates of HPV detection on incidence of other STIs (total number of visit pairs=3221)Detected with the following at previous visitNew cases of other STIs, n=46 (1.4%) n (row%)New detection of other STIs across consecutive visitsAny HPV No2590 (80.4)31 (1.2)1.01.0 Yes631 (19.6)15 (2.4)1.94 (1.05 to 3.58)1.81 (0.94 to 3.49)New cases of other STIs, n=46 (1.4%) n (row%)New detection of other STIs across consecutive visitsAny HR-HPV No2930 (91.0)38 (1.3)1.01.0 Yes291 (9.0)8 (2.7)2.14 (1.00 to 4.61)2.00 (0.82 to 4.83)Estimates adjusted for age and study site at enrolment, as well as the following covariates assessed at each follow-up visit: pap smear diagnosis at previous visit, contraceptive use in last 6 months, number of lifetime partners, partners having sex with others in last 6 months, having new partner in last 12 months, male partner using condom in last 6 months.Covariates that were found to be statistically significantly associated with the outcomes (p&lt;0.05) and/or significantly influence the effect size of the primary association of interest (≥10%) were included in the final models for confounding control. Parity, smoking status, and other factors measured, such as age of sexual debut and frequency of sex in last 6 months,did notsatisfy these criteria in the data analyses and hence werenotincluded in the final models.HPV, human papillomavirus; HR-HPV, High-risk HPV, defined as HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 (IARC 2007); STIs, sexually transmitted infections.ConclusionsWe show that other STIs increase the risk of HPV incidence after controlling for sexual behaviour. The data qualitatively suggest mutual associations of HPV with other STIs. Further studies are warranted to evaluate if these reflect true biologic interactions between HPV and other sexually transmitted microbial agents, or mere confounding from unmeasured sexual risks.