Cervical Cancer In Women Research Articles

Pengaruh Promosi Kesehatan dengan Media Bukar (Booklet dan Kartu Iva) terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Tentang Kanker Serviks pada Ibu Pus di Puskesmas Kota Mukomuko

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. In Indonesia, cervical cancer ranks second in terms of the number of cancer patients in women but as a cause of death it still ranks first. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health promotion using Bukar media (booklets and IVA cards) on increasing knowledge about cervical cancer in women of childbearing age at the Mukomuko City Health Center. The research design used the Pre-Experimental method with the One Group pre-post test design approach. The sample in this study consisted of 24 patients. Accidental sampling was used and the measuring instrument used was a questionnaire sheet. Data analysis used the Paired t test with a significance degree of α 0.05. The results of the univariate analysis showed that half of the respondents (50%) had sufficient knowledge before being given health promotion and all respondents (83.3%) had good knowledge after being given health promotion. The results of bivariate analysis showed that there was an effect of health promotion using the open media (Booklet and IVA Card) on increasing knowledge about cervical cancer in women of childbearing age with a p value of 0.003 ≤ 0.005. It is hoped that the Mukomuko City Health Center can carry out broader health promotion regarding cervical cancer using other media to increase the knowledge of PUS mothers about cervical cancer and early detection with IVA.

Individual and joint effect of socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors on cancer in Korea.

There is limited evidence on the individual and joint effect of socioeconomic status (SES) and unhealthy lifestyle on cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of these factors on cancer incidence and mortality. In this population-based cohort study, income was used as the proxy of SES. A combined unhealthy lifestyle score was obtained using data on smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and body mass index. Hazard ratios were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model. The study included data on 8,353,169 participants (median follow-up period, 17 years). Although the association between low income and cancer incidence varied depending on cancer type, low income consistently increased the risk of cancer-related death with a social gradient. Unhealthy behaviors increased the risk of cancer incidence and mortality, except for thyroid and breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. Compared with the wealthiest and healthiest individuals, the poorest and unhealthiest men and women showed 2.1-fold (2.05-2.14) and 1.36-fold (1.31-1.41) higher risk of cancer-related death, respectively. The joint effect was most robust for lung, liver, head, and neck cancers in men and liver and cervical cancers in women; further, the effect was stronger with cancer-specific mortality than with incidence. In conclusion, income and combined healthy lifestyle behaviors have individual and joint effects on cancer incidence and mortality. The effect varies by cancer type and sex.

Cervical carcinogenesis associated with the use of combined oral contraceptives: is there a relationship?

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is one of the leading cancers in women of reproductive age. The etiological role of the human papillomavirus (HPV) in cancer development is long known and undisputed. However, owing to the widespread use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs), scientists actively investigate possible mechanisms of interrelation between sex steroids and HPV in terms of cervical cancer risk.
 AIM: This study aimed to assess the risk of cervical cancer in women of reproductive age, depending on the use of COCs for different durations.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 411 patients of reproductive age who were treated at the Center for Gynecology and Reproductive Technologies of the Russian Ministry of Health and the Department of Oncogynecology at the University Clinical Hospital No. 4 of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University between January 2015 and December 2021. All patients were divided into two groups. The study group included 291 patients with verified cervical cancer, and the control group included 120 patients without cancer.
 RESULTS: The study group was significantly more likely to take COCs (56, or 19.2%) than the control group (11, or 6.5%; p=0.018). In addition, the study group had significantly longer treatment durations (p=0.011). Overweight (n = 52, or 17.9%) and grade II obesity (n = 11, or 3.8%, vs. 0; p=0.03) were significantly more common in the study group than in the control group (n = 8, or 4.7%; p=0.003). The result of the multivariate analysis showed that taking COCs negatively affect cervical cancer development (p=0.018; odds ratio (OR) 1.230; CI 1.0641.423). The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the use of COCs has a high predictive value for determining the risk of cervical cancer (area under the curve, AUC=0.742); the sensitivity and specificity of this predictor were 74.07% and 72.73%, respectively. In the assessment on the effect of duration of COC use on the risk of cervical cancer, the results showed that total use of COCs for over 7 years was associated with a higher risk of cervical cancer development (p=0.010; OR 1.68; CI 1.12.5).
 CONCLUSIONS: Prescribing COCs in patients with HPV infection requires a personalized approach to consider etiologic factors of cervical cancer and reduce possible carcinogenic risks.

Local excision as a viable alternative to hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer in women of reproductive age: a population-based cohort study.

Local excision as the main alternative for fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) has been widely used in patients with early-stage cervical cancer to achieve fertility preservation, but its safety and practicability are still questioned. Therefore, The authors evaluated the current application of local excision in early-stage cervical cancer with this population-based study and compared its efficacy with hysterectomy. Women diagnosed with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I cervical cancer at childbearing age (18-49years) recorded in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2000 to 2017 were included. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were compared between local excision and hysterectomy. A total of 18519 patients of reproductive age with cervical cancer were included, and 2268 deaths were observed. 17.0% of patients underwent FSS via local excision, and 70.1% underwent hysterectomy. Among patients younger than 39 years, OS and DSS of local excision were comparable to those of hysterectomy, whereas, in patients older than 40 years, OS and DSS of local excision were significantly worse than those of hysterectomy. In addition, OS and DSS of local excision were similar to hysterectomy in patients with stage IA cervical cancer, but OS and DSS were inferior to hysterectomy in patients with stage IB cervical cancer who underwent local excision. For patients without fertility requirements, hysterectomy remains the best therapeutic option. However, for patients under 40 years of age diagnosed with stage IA cervical cancer, FSS via local excision is a viable option that can achieve a well-balanced outcome between tumour control and fertility preservation.

Start so young? Defense of the primary HPV test as a screening test for cervical cancer in women aged 25 and over in Brazil.

e17531 Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the most frequent type of cancer on woman at reproductive age and on the puerperal pregnancy cycle in Brazil. It is a disease that can be prevented with the resources already available at Brazil’s public healthcare system.The most important risk factor for developing cervical cancer is infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). With the covid 19 pandemic, there was an advance in the possibility of carrying out an HPV test by PCR by through the government initiative "uterus is life" and we was asked what age should start the HPV test in the proposed screening organized. Methods: Descriptive, observational, cross sectional study Carried two cancer centers( using an adapted form, between 2020 2021 Sociodemographic data, cancer characteristics. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and evaluation of secondary data from the ministry of health (DATASUS) This study was approved by the institution’s ethics committee. Recife, Brazil. Results: From 2021 -2022, 240 patients with CC mean age 50,48y (SD ± 13.8; range 24-87), 15, 8 % < 35 y, age of first sexual intercourse: mean age 16,7 (SD ± 3.2, range 11- 30) and 79,6 % < 18y. age of first pregnancy mean 18 (SD ± 6.54; range 12- 36) 77,4 % < 18 y.In the year 2019 of the number of patients undergoing treatment in the Brazilian public system (SUS), by age group, 14.076 patients <35 y (58%). $821,000 was spent in 2019 on anticancer chemotherapy for CC in women < 35 y. Conclusions: With a view to establishing an organized screening policy using the HPV test, considering the window of opportunity to diagnose the non-invasive cervical cancer stage, the onset of sexual activity and the age of first pregnancy among patients with invasive cervical cancer and the representativeness of patients with < 35 years undergoing treatment for advanced CC. The "Utero é Vida" initiative recommended starting the screening of the HPV test from the age of 25 y, in addition to intensifying vaccination coverage against HPV.

THE EFFECTS OF HEALTH LITERACY ON EARLY DIAGNOSIS BEHAVIORS OF BREAST AND CERVICAL CANCER IN WOMEN AGED 18-65

Background/Aims: This study aimed to determine the effect of health literacy level on early diagnosis Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of health literacy level on early diagnosis behaviors of breast and cervical cancer in women between the ages of 18 and 65.
 Material and Method: The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with female patients who admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinics of a Training and Research Hospital in the Central Black Sea region. Data were collected using the Introductory Information Questionnaire prepared by the researcher and the European Health Literacy Scale (HLS-EU) between June 2019 and January 2020. The sample of the study included 395 women who were not pregnant, had not undergone hysterectomy, were between the ages of 18 and 65, were married or sexually active, had no psychiatric, hearing or visual impairments, and were not diagnosed with breast and cervical cancer before.
 Results: 70.1% of women are between the ages of 25-44. 42.3% of women are graduates of higher education, 46.8% of them are not working. 91.9% of all women are married and 83.8% have a nuclear family. The mean general health literacy score of women on the European Health Literacy Scale (HLS-EU) is 32.43± 7.36. 40.3% of women have a problematic-limited level of health literacy. In the study, a statistically significant relationship was determined between the general score of European Health Literacy Scale (HLS-EU) and the state of knowing CBE (p=0.027) gender of the doctor in CBE (p=0.019), having gynecological examination before (p=0.008), knowing Pap-smear test (p=0.027), having Pap-smear test before (p=0.008),
 Conclusion: The level of health literacy of women is problematic- limited. It has been determined that breast and cervical cancer information and early screening practices are insufficient, and insufficient health literacy level prevents participation in cancer screenings.

Predicting cervical cancer screening behavior among women in southern Iran: a cross-sectional study with PEN-3 model

IntroductionDespite the fact that the Pap smear test is a simple, affordable, painless and relatively reliable method to diagnose cervical cancer in women, the majority of women are unaware of the value of this valuable diagnostic method. There are many cultural and social barriers to this diagnostic method. The present study was conducted to predict cervical cancer screening behavior with PEN-3 model among women residents of Bandar Abbas.MethodsThe present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 260 women aged 18 years and above who visited the comprehensive health centers of Bandar Abbas. The data were collected online using a demographic information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the PEN-3 model constructs and analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson correlation test and logistic regression analysis in SPSS-23.ResultsThe participants’ age ranged between 18 and 52 years with an average of 30.95 ± 5.47 years. 27.7% of the participants had done their last pap smear test less than 1 year before the study and 26.2% had not done a pap smear test until the time of study. The results showed that the mean scores of knowledge (11.28 ± 2.87), attitude (64.96 ± 4.96), enablers (44.66 ± 5.8), and nurturers (36.02 ± 8.83) in women who had done the cervical cancer screening behavior was more than those who had not done the behavior. Also, the results of logistic regression analysis showed that knowledge, attitude and nurturers were the major predictors of cervical cancer screening behavior.ConclusionThe present findings showed that knowledge, attitude, enablers and nurturers play a major role in women’s participation in Pap smear test. These findings should be considered in the development and implementation of educational interventions.

Changes in cervical dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and cervical cancer after expanding the National Cancer Screening Program to younger women in Korea.

The National Cancer Screening Program of South Korea for cervical cancer was expanded from women aged ≥30 years to women aged ≥20 years in 2016. This study investigated the effect of this policy on occurrence rates of cervical dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and cervical cancer in women in their twenties. The National Health Information Database for the years 2012-19 was used. The outcome measures were monthly occurrence rates of cervical dysplasia, cervical carcinoma in situ, and cervical cancer. An interrupted time series analysis was performed to investigate whether the number of occurrences changed after policy implementation. For cervical dysplasia, a pre-intervention decreasing trend of 0.3243 per month (P-value < .0001) was found. The post-intervention trend did not differ significantly, although the slope increased at a rate of 0.4622 per month (P-value < .0001). For carcinoma in situ, a trend of increase at 0.0128 per month (P-value = .0099) was seen before policy implementation. The post-intervention trend did not escalate, but the slope showed an increasing trend of 0.0217 per month (P-value < .0001). For cervical cancer, no significant trend was present before intervention. Occurrences of cervical cancer escalated at a rate of 0.0406 per month (P-value < .0001) after policy implementation, and the slope also showed an increasing trend at a rate of 0.0394 per month (P-value < .0001). Expanding the target population for cervical cancer screening increased detection rates for cervical cancer in women aged between 20 and 29 years.

Abstract 766: A genome-wide association study identifies the association of common variants in the major histocompatibility complex with cervical cancer in black South African women

Abstract Cervical cancer is the second most common female gynaecological malignancy in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified genetic variants associated with cervical cancer in women of European and Asian ancestry, particularly within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). However, owing to the complexity of linkage disequilibrium and varied environmental exposures in different ancestral populations, regional GWASs are needed to investigate the genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of cervical cancer in continental African populations. A total of 1,637 cervical cancer patients and 761 controls in women of African ancestry were identified from the Johannesburg Cancer Study and the AWI-Gen study, respectively. DNA samples were genotyped on the 2.3 million H3Africa GWAS SNP array and genotyped SNPs imputed to a total of 13,937,308 SNPs. The association between genetic variants and cervical cancer was tested using linear mixed models, adjusting for five principal components and cryptic relatedness. We identified one locus within the MHC region associated with cervical cancer at genome-wide significance, led by rs3129965 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87-0.92, P = 2.292 x 10-11) near HLA-DRA. Four other loci were strongly associated with cervical cancer (P&amp;lt;5x10-7), including rs575105445 (OR=0.77, 95%CI=0.70-0.85, P = 2.188 x 10-07) near HLA-C,rs184053148 (OR =0.79, 95% CI = 0.72-0.86, P = 4.19 x 10-07) in TRIM31,rs12496921 (OR=0.88, 95%CI = 0.84-0.92, P = 1.32 x 10-07) in ROPN1B and rs114031308 (OR= 1.27, 95% CI =1.16-1.39, P =3.06 x 10-07) near TTC26. The genes in these loci are implicated in numerous pathways including antiviral immunity, DNA repair, the regulation of p53, apoptosis, cell growth and differentiation. These discoveries demonstrate the important contribution of common genetic variants to cervical cancer susceptibility and provide insights into its pathogenesis in women of African ancestry. Citation Format: Abram Bunya Kamiza, Wenlong Carl Chen, Jean-Tristan Brandenberg, Michele Ramsay, Christopher G. Mathew. A genome-wide association study identifies the association of common variants in the major histocompatibility complex with cervical cancer in black South African women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 766.

Abstract 3021: Epigenetic signatures of virus-associated cervical cancer in women living with HIV

Abstract Background: Low- and middle-income countries are facing a high health burden of cervical cancer (CC). The situation is worsened by a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We aim to identify epigenetic signatures to help understand the virus-associated pathways underlying CC development, which is fundamental to developing effective CC screening tools or therapeutic approaches for women living with HIV. Methods: We recruited a total of 365 Nigerian women with mean age of 52 (239 HIV+ and 126 HIV-; 98 without CC, 106 with cervical lesions, and 161 with CC). DNA methylation profiling in cervical tissue samples was performed using Illumina EPIC array covering over 860K methylation sites. The epigenetic signatures were identified among HIV+ women through epigenome-wide association study comparing CC vs. CC-free (Bonferroni adjusted p &amp;lt;0.05), which were further validated by comparing: 1) pairs of tumor and adjacent normal samples; and 2) pairs of cervical lesions and adjacent normal samples. The comparisons were adjusted for age, BMI, education, employment, parity, study site, and technical batch variables. We then compared the identified signatures between HIV+ and HIV- among CC women to delineate the role of HIV. We constructed a methylation risk score (MRS) using the signatures, and we performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate the performance of distinguishing across cancer statuses (CC, cervical lesions, CC-free). Results: We identified 46 differentially methylated markers (p-value ranging from 5.7e-8 to 2.4e-19) in HIV+ CC women. The effect sizes among the 46 markers in the paired tumor-normal analysis and the paired lesion-normal analysis were highly correlated with the CC vs. CC-free analysis (r=0.99 and r=0.95, respectively) with smaller magnitudes (1.8 and 4.3 times smaller, respectively). Gene ontology and Reactome pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these 46 markers were enriched in genes involving activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling network (e.g., RPTOR, HDAC3, MAPKAP1), which plays a crucial role in virus/host crosstalk and virus-induced carcinogenesis. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade suppressors, including gene PRDM8, were silenced by promoter hypermethylation among HIV+ CC women (p=4.3e-12). These epigenetic changes, however, were not observed in CC women without HIV. In an independent dataset, MRS was the lowest in women without CC (2.3±2.1), followed by women with cervical lesions (4.9±1.1), and the highest in CC women (9.6±3.9) (p-trend &amp;lt; 2e-16). The MRS achieved areas under the ROC curve = 0.93 and 0.88 in distinguishing CC and cervical lesions from CC-free among HIV+ women, respectively. Conclusion: HIV may communicate with cervical cells and promote CC through epigenetic activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Our epigenetic signatures may serve as novel biomarkers for CC early detection and treatment for women living with HIV. Citation Format: Yinan Zheng, Olugbenga Silas, Jonah Musa, Yishu Qu, Tao Gao, Kyeezu Kim, Brian Joyce, Jun Wang, Demirkan Gursel, Abdulkareem Fatimah, Godwin Imade, Alani Akanmu, Jian-Jun Wei, Masha Kocherginsky, Kwang-Youn Kim, Firas Wehbe, Chad Achenbach, Rose Anorlu, Melissa Simon, Atiene Sagay, Folasade Ogunsola, Robert Murphy, Lifang Hou. Epigenetic signatures of virus-associated cervical cancer in women living with HIV [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3021.

Andersen's Behavioral Model to Identify Correlates of Cervical Cancer Knowledge among American Indian Women.

Using the Andersen's behavioral model of health services use as a framework, this study aims to examine factors (predisposing, needs, and enabling) related to American Indian (AI) women's cervical cancer knowledge. Andersen's behavioral model of health services was used to examine factors predisposing, needs, and enabling related to AI women's cervical cancer knowledge. A sample of 259 AI women residing in the Northern Plains was recruited using a convenience sampling strategy. Cervical cancer knowledge was measured using guidelines from the American Cancer Society. Three predisposing factors, six enabling factors, and four need factors were observed. Result: The mean score of knowledge was 9.11 out of 13. Higher cancer knowledge was associated with 3 enabling factors (higher education, higher HPV knowledge, and use of TV/radio to gain health literacy) and one needs factor (experience in hospitalization). Our findings indicate that culturally sensitive educational interventions, especially those using media, to increase cervical cancer knowledge are needed among AI women.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS UNDER 40 YEARS OLD AT REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL PROF DR MARGONO SOEKARJO PURWOKERTO PERIOD JANUARY 1–DECEMBER 31 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers as a cause of death in women worldwide, accounting for around 500,000 new cases detected and 250,000 deaths each year. Around 80% of cases occur in developing countries. This objective study is identifying the profile and distribution of 40 years old women with cervical cancer in Prof dr Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto Hospital on January 2022-December 2022. &#x0D; Method: A retrospective descriptive design was conducted by using samples from all the medical record of under 40 years old female patients with cervical cancer in Prof dr Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto hospital on January 2022-December 2022. Samples were selected by purposive sampling that met the inclusion criteria, and the data was presented in table form. &#x0D; Results: There were 58 patients with cervical cancer in women aged under 40 years where the majority of the age group 30 - 39 years were 50 people (86.2%). While the highest parity was in the 2-3 parity group of 33 people (56.8%). For the most dominant stage of cervical cancer female patients under the age of 40 years is stage IIIB with a total of 26 people (44.8%). NKSCC was the most common histopathological appearance in this study, namely 33 people (60.3%). &#x0D; Conclusion: The dominant risk factor obtained in cervical cancer patients under the age of 40 years at Prof dr Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto hospital is multiparity. The average cervical cancer patient under the age of 40 comes in the advanced stage with the most histopathological features is Squamous Cell Carcinoma type Non Keratinizing

Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review.

The burden of malignancy related to viral infection is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2018, approximately 2 million new cancer cases worldwide were attributable to infection. Prevention or treatment of these infections could reduce cancer cases by 23% in less developed regions and about 7% in developed regions. Contemporaneous increases in longevity and changes in lifestyle have contributed to the cancer burden in SSA. African hospitals are reporting more cases of cancer related to infection (e.g., cervical cancer in women and stomach and liver cancer in men). SSA populations also have elevated underlying prevalence of viral infections compared to other regions. Of 10 infectious agents identified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, six are viruses: hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as human herpesvirus type 8, HHV-8). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) also facilitates oncogenesis. EBV is associated with lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma; HBV and HCV are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma; KSHV causes Kaposi's sarcoma; HTLV-1 causes T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; HPV causes carcinoma of the oropharynx and anogenital squamous cell cancer. HIV-1, for which SSA has the greatest global burden, has been linked to increasing risk of malignancy through immunologic dysregulation and clonal hematopoiesis. Public health approaches to prevent infection, such as vaccination, safer injection techniques, screening of blood products, antimicrobial treatments and safer sexual practices could reduce the burden of cancer in Africa. In SSA, inequalities in access to cancer screening and treatment are exacerbated by the perception of cancer as taboo. National level cancer registries, new screening strategies for detection of viral infection and public health messaging should be prioritized in SSA's battle against malignancy. In this review, we discuss the impact of carcinogenic viruses in SSA with a focus on regional epidemiology.

Prevention of Cervical Cancer Among Women Aged 25-40 Years in Gujarat

Cervical cancer cells develop in the area of the uterus that attaches to the vagina or the cervix. Various strains of the human papillomavirus, a sexually transmitted disease, are the primary cause of most cervical cancers (HPV). Therefore, the goal of this study was to protect women between the ages of 25 and 40 from developing cervical cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to prevent cervical cancer in women between the ages of 25 and 40. The aim and objectives of the study is to assess the knowledge regarding the prevention of cervical cancer among women and to assess the significance of the association relationship between post-test knowledge scores." The research design selected for the study was pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design". Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to obtain 60 samples at selected are of Visnagar. Pretest done by structured knowledge questionnaire, after pre-test sensitization programme given to women. The Ost test is done using the same questionnaire. The data analysis showed that the mean value of the pre-test and post-test was 7.41 and 23.2, respectively, and the pre-test and post-test standard deviation of the value were 3.97. 4.89). The average disparity was (15.79). The estimated "t" value (25.58) was higher than the table value (1.67). This demonstrated that the knowledge levels of women were significantly different between the pre and post-test. Therefore, it is obvious that the sensitization campaign had a beneficial effect on women's knowledge levels. Thus, it was clear that sensitizing programmes had a positive impact on women's knowledge levels.

P833 Cervical cancer risk in newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis: a nationwide population-based study

Abstract Background The association between ulcerative colitis (UC) and increased risk of cervical cancer in women remains controversial. We investigated cervical cancer risk in South Korean UC patients using the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data. Methods UC definitions included both ICD-10 codes and UC-specific prescriptions. We analyzed incident cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2015. Age-matched women without UC (control group) were randomly selected from the general population (1:3 ratio). Hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for different covariates, were calculated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression. In total, 12,632 and 36,797 women with and without UC, respectively, were enrolled. Results Cervical cancer developed in 0.21% (68 person-years) and 0.14% (172 person-years) of UC patients and controls, respectively. The HR (95% CI) of cervical cancer in the UC group, with reference to the control group, was 1.56 (0.97-2.50). HR, stratified by age, was significantly high in elderly UC patients (≥60 years) at 3.65 (1.54–8.66). In UC patients, old age (≥40 years) and low socioeconomic status were associated with increased cervical cancer risk. Conclusion Elderly UC patients had a higher incidence of cervical cancer than age-matched controls in Korea, suggesting that elderly patients with newly diagnosed UC should be screened for cervical cancer.

Knowledge and attitude towards human papillomavirus and its vaccination among medical students: a cross sectional study

Background: One of the causes of penile cancer in men and cervical cancer in women is infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). An efficient way to prevent high risk HPV infection is by HPV vaccination. This study was conducted to assess knowledge and attitude towards human papillomavirus and its vaccination. Methods: The cross-sectional study was done among under graduate medical students. Total 428 students were voluntarily participated. Dichotomous (yes/no) items used to assess knowledge of the students towards human papillomavirus and its vaccination. The 3-point Likert scale (agree, uncertain, disagree) used to assess attitude towards HPV vaccination. Results: Most 71.49% of them knew that HPV infection may leads to carcinoma cervix whereas only 29.44% knew that HPV infection may leads to penile cancer. Most 76.63% of them agreed to recommend HPV vaccine for adolescent girls whereas only 36.68% agreed to recommend HPV vaccine for adolescent boys. Conclusions: According to the study, college students had knowledge towards HPV vaccination despite acceptance of HPV vaccination among students were very less. Medical students, can play a big role in giving advice on how to prevent HPV-related penile and cervical cancer.

A cross sectional study on awareness about cancer screening methods for breast and cervical cancer in women of reproductive age from Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for 63% of all deaths in India of which 9% are due to cancers according to the World Health Organization (WHO) global profile 2018. One in eight men and one in eleven women die from the disease globally (Globocan 2020). To reduce the morbidity and mortality due to the disease early diagnosis of disease and risk factors by regular screening of asymptomatic people is recommended. Objectives of the study were: to assess the awareness about methods for breast and cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age, and to assess their readiness to go for screening. Methods: In a health awareness session on cancer screening among women of reproductive age the participants (104 women) were given a self-designed questionnaire which was administered before the session. The questionnaire covered general awareness about cancer, the symptoms and the methods of screening for breast and cervical cancer. The results were expressed in frequency and percentages. Results: The mean age of participants was 29.8 years (range 21 years-45 years). 88% felt that early diagnosis would improve outcome. Only 11% had heard of Pap test and only 3 had gotten it done. Around 21% had heard about mammography and only 4% had heard about breast self-examination. 86% and 90% were ready to get themselves screened for cervical cancer and breast cancer respectively, if given the opportunity. Conclusions: This study highlights both the lack of knowledge and the high acceptance of cancer screening among women. Awareness campaigns at regular intervals backed by immediate access to screening facilities are required to address the problem.

Outranking Relations based Multi-criteria Recommender System for Analysis of Health Risk using Multi-objective Feature Selection Approach

The recommender system filters out important information from a large pool of information to set some important decisions in terms of recommendation. It has had an impact in almost every domain, including health, where it can extract information from massive amounts of digital data on patients to provide a better understanding of their clinical status and predict diseases. It is found that most of the real-world problems are dealing with multiple (conflicting) criteria, and handling those criteria in decision making is a challenging task too. In this context, this paper has proposed a health recommender system based on multi-criteria ranking and a multi-objective feature selection approach. Certain risk factors for the development of cervical cancer in women have been recommended by the proposed system, as well as some models for reliable prediction of this disease. The performance of the proposed system is tested and analysed by implementing it on the Cervical Risk Classification dataset with the three different ranking algorithms of Multi-Criteria Decision (MCDM) Making. It is found that the MOORA (Multi-objective Optimisation on the Basis of Ratio Analysis) MCDM algorithm outperforms the other two algorithms in terms of Precision@N, Recall@N, F1-score@N and Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR)@N. The performance of the proposed system is also verified using four other benchmarking disease datasets, and statistical Anova and Wilcoxon tests have been done to validate the results.

Cervical Cancer Stage at Diagnosis and Survival among Women ≥65 Years in California.

Through adequate screening and follow-up, cervical cancer can be prevented or detected at early-stage (stage I), which is related to excellent survival. Current guidelines recommend discontinuing screening for women ≥65 years with history of normal Pap and/or HPV tests, potentially leaving this age group vulnerable. This study examined late-stage disease in a population-based cohort. Using California Cancer Registry data, we identified 12,442 patients ages ≥21 years with a first primary cervical cancer diagnosed during 2009-2018. Proportions of late-stage disease (stages II-IV) and early- and late-stage 5-year relative survival are presented by the age group. Among patients ages ≥65 years, multivariable logistic regression estimated associations of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with late-stage cervical cancer. Nearly one fifth of patients (n = 2,171, 17.4%) were ≥65 years. More women ages ≥65 years (71%) presented with late-stage disease than younger women (48% in patients ages <65). Late-stage 5-year relative survival was lower for women ≥65 years (23.2%-36.8%) compared with patients <65 (41.5%-51.5%). Characteristics associated with late-stage cervical cancer in women ≥65 years included older age [odds ratio (OR), 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.04; each year], non-adenocarcinoma histologic subtypes, and comorbidities (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.21-2.08). There remains a significant burden of advanced cervical cancer in women ≥65. Efforts should be made to better understand how the current screening paradigm is failing women of 65 years and older. Future work should focus on determining past screening history, lapses in follow-up care, and non-invasive testing approaches.

Machine Learning based Approximate Query Processing for Women Health Analytics

Good health and well being is one of the most essential targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper primarily focuses on Preventive and Diagnostic care of Women Health because even today, women are disadvantaged by discrimination in many societies especially in rural sectors. Two main health issues, fetal abnormality in pregnant women and cervical cancer in women are analyzed so that the doctors and patients can be given early signals to take proactive measures. As per National Health Portal of India, around 1.7 million birth defects occur in India every year. So Antenatal Care(ANC) should be given utmost importance during Pregnancy in a woman's life. Cervical cancer is another issue prevalent amongst women, especialy over the age of 30. It's critical to catch it early and eliminate any risks that come with it. Here arises the need to develop a system that can analyze and predict the aforementioned anomalies at an early stage. This work proposes approximate query processing using different dynamic machine learning algorithms to analyze and predict the abnormalities. Further, a web application is built to facilitate the stakeholders, especially doctors, to interact with the system and iteratively query the system to understand the relationships amongst the various data variables and get appropriate predictions about fetal anomaly from CTG scans as well as presence of cervical cancer from various demographic information, habits, and historic medical records. Approximate Query Processing is accomplished using Correlation analysis, linear, and logistic regression algorithms in a dynamic, interactive, and iterative manner.