Cervical Cancer Cases Research Articles

INCIDÊNCIA DE PAPILOMAVÍRUS HUMANO EM MULHERES EM SÃO PAULO NO ANO DE 2018 A 2021

HPV is the acronym for the Human Papillom Virus, which is a virus that can cause cervical cancer, in addition to other diseases. It is transmitted by sexual contact and is very common among young and sexually active adults. There are more than 100 types of HPV, most infections without manifestations of symptoms and resolve spontaneously, while others can cause warts on the skin and mucous membranes. Some strains account for about 70% of cervical cancer cases. In addition, HPV may also increase the risk of cancer, such as cancer of the anus, penis, vulva, vagina and oropharynx. HPV affects many people in society, especially young people. Women discovering the disease late can lead to serious health complications. Therefore, it is crucial to invest in studies for diagnosis and treatment prevention for better quality of life. The media is the main factor of awareness of this disease. Identifying the places of higher incidence can contribute to care programs for prevention and treatment, so that in the long term the rates of the disease can become reduced.

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Hylocereus undatus peel waste: exploring EGFR inhibition for targeted therapy of cervical and breast carcinomas

Abstract Background Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with breast and cervical cancers being the most common among women. Over 100,000 new cases of breast cancer and 510,000 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed annually. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an eco-friendly, low-cost method to synthesize silver nanoparticles using Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) peel extract for their anticancer activity. Results Silver nanoparticles loaded with Hylocereus undatus fruit peel extract were successfully developed by a green synthesis technique and were optimized by UV–vis spectroscopy. The nanoparticles had an average size of 71.66 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.3754, and a zeta potential of − 38.52, with a spherical shape and 79.5% silver content. Their maximum absorbance was at 448 nm. Further, in vitro anticancer activity via MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was evaluated and the synthesized nanoparticles displayed IC50 values at 23.51 µg/ml and 23.66 µg/ml against Hela and MDA MB 231 cell lines, respectively. Cytocompatibility studies showed high cell viability (≥ 95%) in L929 mouse fibroblast cells, indicating low toxicity. In silico analyses, including network pharmacology and molecular docking, identified kaempferol and quercetin as key anticancer compounds, with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (PDB ID: IM17) being the most significant protein target. Docking studies performed by using the Glide module of Schrodinger’s software displayed that kaempferol and quercetin had higher binding affinities for EGFR as compared to the standard drug erlotinib, with MET 769 being a crucial binding site. Conclusion Thus, the outcomes suggest that synthesized silver nanoparticles loaded with Hylocereus undatus fruit peel extract could be a potential and promising drug carrier aiding in cancer treatment.

OCCURRENCE OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) IN WOMEN OF LGBTQIA+ COMMUNITY TREATED IN MANAUS, AMAZONAS

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant etiological factor for several types of cancer, including cervical carcinoma, with 80% of cases of cervical cancer occurring in Latin America. In Brazil, cervical carcinoma is the third most prevalent cancer among women, and the northern region and the state of Amazonas have the highest incidence in the country. However, not all women benefit from cervical cancer screening measures. Most women in the LGBTQIA+ community do not seek gynecological health services since they often face barriers related to female homosexuality when accesing sexual health services. Using PCR, this study perfomed the molecular detection and genotyping of HPV in thirty-six patients (20 homosexual and 16 bisexual women) from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Samples of the cervical epithelium were taken during the preventive examination and genotyping was perfomed to detect HPV 16, 18, 31 and 58. Of the thirty-six patients analyzed in this study, 88% of bisexual women (n=14) and 60% of homosexual women (n=12) tested positive for HPV. The HPV 18 genotype was the most frequent among the findings. The results indicate that homosexual and bisexual women are more vulnerable to HPV infections due to the lack of more specific gynecological care directed to this group, which includes the lack of training of professionals to deal with the particularities of this population group. Therefore, more HPV screening studies for LGBTQIA+ women and improved training for specialized health professionals are needed.

Immunogenicity Assessment of a 14-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Candidate in Mice

Background: Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer affecting women globally, with HPV as the primary etiology agent. Prophylactic HPV vaccines have substantially reduced the incidence of cervical cancer. Methods: This study assessed the immunogenicity of SCT1000, a 14-valent recombinant virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine developed by Sinocelltech, Ltd. using pseudovirion-based neutralization assays (PBNAs) and total IgG Luminex immunoassays (LIAs). Currently in phase III clinical trials in China, SCT1000 targets the same HPV types as Gardasil 9®, plus five additional high-risk types, thereby covering twelve high-risk HPV types implicated in 96.4% of cervical cancer cases. Results: In murine models, a dose of 1.85 μg per mouse was identified as optimal for evaluating SCT1000’s immunogenicity in a three-dose regimen, as measured by PBNA and total IgG LIA across all 14 HPV types. SCT1000 induced high levels of protective antibodies, which were sustained for at least four months following the third dose. The vaccine also demonstrated stable and consistent immunogenicity in mouse potency assays under both long-term and accelerated conditions. Additionally, our studies revealed a strong correlation between the two serological tests used. Conclusions: SCT1000 elicited robust, durable, and consistent humoral immune responses across all 14 HPV types, indicating its potential as a broad-spectrum vaccine candidate against HPV types 6/11/16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59. The significant correlations observed between PBNA and total IgG LIA support the use of the Luminex-based total IgG method as a reliable and effective alternative for immunogenicity assessment in preclinical and future clinical vaccine development.

Investigation of the Efficacy of Nowarta110 in the Treatment of HPV-16 and HPV-18 Oncogenically-transformed Human Cells and Cancer-implanted Animal Models.

Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Nearly all cases of cervical cancer are due to infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Nowata110 has shown breakthrough therapeutic efficacy in phase II clinical study against plantar warts, with no reported side effects. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Nowarta110 in killing cultured HPV-transformed cancer cells and its anti-cancer effects in mice, using both vaginally engrafted and subcutaneously implanted animal cancer models. Nowata110 is a novel compound composed of colloidal silver and fig extract. The cytotoxic properties of Nowarta110 were evaluated on HPV-16 and HPV-18-transformed human cancer cells (ARPE-19/HPV-16 and HeLa cells, respectively). The therapeutic potential of Nowarta110 in vivo was evaluated following the engraftment of ME-180 epidermoid carcinoma cells in the mouse vagina or their subcutaneous implantation. Nowarta110 treatment was initiated when the tumor reached an approximate volume of 65 mm3 Results: Our data showed that HPV16-expressing human retinal pigmented epithelial cells are susceptible to Nowarta110-induced cell death, with a reduction in cell viability observed at 1% Nowarta110 and a complete absence of viable cells at 5% Nowarta110. In HPV18-expressing HeLa cells, Nowarta110 caused significant and rapid cell death at a dose of 5%, whereas lower doses of 1% did not produce the same effects. The results from animal studies indicated that Nowarta110 effectively induced tumor regression in both the intravaginal and subcutaneous tumor models. Nowarta110 effectively induced cell death in HPV-16 and HPV-18-transformed human cancer cells. It also effectively induced tumor regression in mouse models with intravaginally engrafted or subcutaneously implanted cancer cells. Considering the high prevalence of HPV-induced cervical dysplasia and cancer and the lack of treatment, clinical studies to promote the implementation of Nowarta110 are warranted.

Leveraging single-dose human papillomavirus vaccination dose-efficiency to attain cervical cancer elimination in resource-constrained settings.

In low- and middle-income countries, resource constraints remain a critical factor limiting access to cervical cancer preventive measures. The option of single-dose immunization could help improve access to human papillomavirus vaccination and attain cervical cancer elimination. With simulation models adapted to country-specific data and scenarios for single-dose protection derived from International Agency for Research on Cancer India vaccine trial data, we estimated the expected impact of single-dose vaccination in India, Rwanda, and Brazil, three countries with varying profiles of cervical cancer risk and vaccination timelines. In combination with single-dose vaccination, we explored different resource reallocation strategies based on dose efficiency, elimination attainment, and cervical cancer cases prevented, with the existing 2-dose program as a comparator. Assuming lifelong single-dose protection, switching from 2-dose to 1-dose vaccination and reallocating resources to female catch-up could prevent 467-1336, 94-194, and 15-207 additional cervical cancer cases (per 100 000 women born) in cohorts aged 11-30 years in India, Rwanda, and Brazil, respectively. Resource reallocation to improve the current routine coverage could help eliminate cervical cancer in India and across all Brazilian states but not in Rwanda. For each country, we found a dose-efficient reallocation strategy (or a combination of strategies) together with 1-dose vaccination that could prevent more cervical cancers vs 2-dose vaccination, even in the worst-case scenario of single-dose protection. Adopting single-dose vaccination with resource reallocation is a resource-efficient approach to enhance progress toward cervical cancer elimination. The overall impact of vaccination can be maximized by fine-tuning resource reallocation to a country's needs.

Population-level health impact of hypothetical waning 1-dose human papillomavirus vaccination and 2-dose mitigation strategies in a high cervical cancer burden setting.

We simulated the impact of hypothetical waning scenarios of a 1-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination paired with switching to 2-dose mitigation strategies guided by empirical vaccine trial reporting timelines. Using 2 independent mathematical models fitted to a high-burden setting, we projected the cumulative cervical cancer cases averted over 85 years for alternative HPV vaccination scenarios under 2 program adoption timelines: 1) de novo introduction of a 1-dose HPV vaccination and 2) a switch from an existing 2-dose HPV vaccination program to a 1-dose vaccination. We assumed 80% vaccination coverage with the bivalent vaccine and an average duration of a 1-dose HPV vaccine protection of either 30 or 25 years with 100% efficacy. We varied the eligible age group(s) at program introduction and the 2-dose mitigation (single-age cohort or multi-age cohort). If needed for mitigation, reintroduction of 2-dose vaccination was assumed to occur in 2036 (ie, 30 years after initiation of the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial). Under both vaccine adoption timelines, the models projected that countries could achieve the same level of health benefits by switching to 2 doses in 2036 using a multi-age cohort approach as with initiating a 2-dose or 1-dose vaccination program with no waning. With only a single-age cohort 2-dose mitigation approach, 98%-99% of cases would be prevented compared with the health benefits of 2 doses or a noninferior, durable 1 dose. Countries hesitant to adopt a 1-dose HPV vaccination program may have opportunities to leverage the benefits and efficiency of a 1-dose schedule while awaiting longer-term reporting from 1-dose durability studies, including Costa Rica Vaccine Trial.

The Impact of HPV Vaccination on Cervical Cancer in adolescent females: A narrative review

ABSTRACT To effectively prevent cervical cancer, a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality among women, widespread adoption of the HPV vaccine has a well-established link to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV vaccine must be the vaccine’s effectiveness in reducing HPV infections, and subsequent cervical lesions have been extensively demonstrated, marking a pivotal milestone in public health. Important research highlights the vaccine’s safety profile, allaying worries and promoting trust in its application. By targeting HPV strains responsible for a majority of cervical cancer cases, vaccination emerges as a strategic intervention to curb the burden of this malignancy. The strategy is used to search PubMed and Google Scholar, with only free full-text and English language study included. However, addressing existing misconceptions and ensuring equitable vaccine access remains imperative. Informed decision making is pivotal, necessitating comprehensive public health initiatives that educate communities about the vaccine’s benefits. Encouragingly, successful vaccination programs in various regions have demonstrated tangible reductions in HPV prevalence and cervical cancer incidence. This review concludes by emphasizing the urgent need for global collaboration to integrate HPV vaccination into routine immunization schedules, thereby fortifying the collective effort to mitigate cervical cancer’s impact. As a cost-effective, evidence-based strategy, widespread HPV vaccination stands as a linchpin in the ongoing battle against cervical cancer, promising a healthier future for women worldwide.

Analysis of Health Promotion Strategies for Treatment of Cervical Cancer at Awal Bros Hospital Pekanbaru Riau

Cancer is one of the main causes of death, as many as 8.2 million people die from cancer. According to GLOBOCAN data in IARC (2020), cervical cancer cases in Indonesia increased by 36,633 (17.2%) with 234,511 deaths. Cervical cancer generally attacks women aged 30-39 years. Symptoms of cervical cancer are post-coital bleeding, smelly vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding continuously without stopping, pain in the genitals are reported as early symptoms of cervical cancer. The aim of this research is to analyze Health Promotion Strategies in the treatment of cervical cancer at Awal Bros Hospital Pekanbaru. This type of research is qualitative. The number of informants was 4 informants. The results of research conducted by the health promotion program at Awal Bros Hospital in Pekanbaru show a holistic and sustainable approach in overcoming the challenge of cervical cancer. By focusing on education and empowerment, as well as addressing identified obstacles, these efforts have had a positive impact in increasing awareness, treatment compliance and quality of life for patients affected by cervical cancer. However, there is still a need to continue evaluating and adapting to increase the effectiveness of the program and ensure better access for all patients. The health promotion (advocacy) strategy for cervical cancer treatment was carried out quite well through a lobbying process and outreach to various agencies, Awal Bros Hospital carried out this by building an individual atmosphere and building a group atmosphere. By increasing participation in early screening and ensuring continuity of treatment for optimal effectiveness in preventing cervical cancer. Awal Bros Pekanbaru Hospital implements a health promotion strategy for cervical cancer with a focus on empowerment and a personal approach to patients and their families.

Molecular and Clinicopathologic Characterization of HER2-overexpressed Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix.

HER2 amplification in cervical cancer has been associated with worse clinical prognosis and a potential favorable response to HER2 inhibitors. Immunohistochemistry for the HER2 receptor is a universally accepted surrogate test for HER2 amplification, but no standardized scoring system currently exists for cervical carcinomas. In this study, we investigated HER2 overexpression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and correlated it with HER2 amplification using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular methods. Seventy-two cases of human papillomavirus-associated cervical cancer were retrospectively reviewed, and at least 2 representative tumor sections were stained for HER2. HER2 scoring was performed using the 2018 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologist breast cancer criteria, and cases with equivocal (2+) to positive (3+) expression were analyzed for HER2 amplification using FISH and next-generation sequencing. The average patient age was 50yrs (range: 27-85yr), with most patients being African American (73.6%) and diagnosed at FIGO stage I (65.3%). Nineteen (26.4%) had equivocal HER2 expression and 4 (5.5%) showed positive expression. Three of the 4 cases with positive expression had enough tumors for FISH, and all 3 were amplified. Three cases with equivocal expression showed HER2 polysomy on FISH, and none showed HER2 amplification. Late clinical stage, high tumor grade, and regional lymph node metastasis were significantly correlated with HER2 overexpression and HER2 amplification. Next-generation sequencing of the 3 HER2-amplified tumors showed amplification of various genes, including CD274, JAK2, BIRC3, and ERBB2, and a PIK3CA missense mutation. In summary, HER2 immunohistochemistry is a reliable predictive marker of HER2 amplification in cervical cancer.

Prospectives of developing therapeutic HPV vaccines

Human papillomavirus (HPV) represents one of the most serious global public health problems. Malignant female and male diseases mainly result from persistent HPV infection. Cancer belongs to a high mortality rate disease. It has been established that HPV infection causes about 70% vaginal cancer, 50% male genital cancer, 90% anal cancer and 60% head-and-neck cancer. Annually, a large number of people develop various HPV-caused cancer types, dominated by cervical cancer, one of the most common and aggressive types of cancer that threatens health holding the fourth place among most female common cancer worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2020, about 600 cases of cervical cancer are recorded daily in different countries. Emergence of cervical cancer is closely related to factors such as long-term (persistent) HPV infection and somatic mutations of the host genome. Although HPV infection can be detected and cured early with highly effective screening methods and surgical procedures, the carcinogenic risk of HPV related diseases constantly increases, which elimination faces certain difficulties, especially in low- and mid-developed countries. The most acceptable solution to this is development and implementation of therapeutic vaccines for prevention and treatment of HPV related diseases. Three licensed HPV vaccines based on L1 type virus-like particles (L1-VLPs) technology are available globally: bivalent (HPV-2), quadrivalent (HPV-4) and nonavalent (HPV-9) vaccines. These vaccines demonstrated effectiveness in reducing HPV-related cervical cancer rate by up to 90% worldwide. However, the therapeutic effect of these vaccines on persistent HPV infection and lesions has not been observed. Therapeutic HPV vaccines candidates targeted Ye6/Ye7 cancer proteins activate cellular immunity that eliminates existing HPV infection. Here we review types, mechanisms of action and clinical effects of therapeutic HPV vaccines, as well as current and future developments in the field for prevention and treatment of HPV related diseases.

Evidence from Europe on implementation, participation and performance of self-collection for cervical cancer screening.

Cervical cancer screening programs reduce the number of cervical cancer cases and deaths, but the success of any screening program is dependent on high participant uptake and coverage and many European countries are observing declining cervical cancer screening coverage to below national targets. Self-collection of vaginal samples for human papillomavirus testing, also termed self-sampling, is one strategy which is being introduced to try to increase screening coverage by removing barriers to participation and it has attracted growing interest and support globally. Informed by peer-reviewed and gray literature, this narrative review starts with a case study from the Netherlands and outlines the self-collection landscape in Europe within the themes of program implementation and relative test performance. It highlights some of the current evidence gaps needed to inform policy decisions on the use of self-collection within screening programs.

Risks of Cervical Cancer Recurrence After Fertility-Sparing Surgery and the Role of Human Papillomavirus Infection Types.

Cervical cancer is a largely preventable malignancy of the uterine cervix. The tendencies in cervical cancer morbidity and mortality have remained similar for the past decade, albeit with increasing frequency in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Moreover, in the majority of LMICs, cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death among reproductive-age women. High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections have been proven to be associated with up to 95% of cervical cancer cases, with HPV-16 and HPV-18 types being responsible for approximately 70% of all cervical cancers, with the other high-risk HPV types accounting for up to a further 25%. More recently, the latest data appear to confirm there is a change in the frequency of HR-HPV occurrence, especially HPV-16 and HPV-18, as a reflection of the implementation of preventive vaccination programs. Owing to the growing incidence of cervical cancer among reproductive-age women and with the development of cancer management approaches, fertility-sparing options have been proposed for early-stage cervical cancer management as an option for young women, especially those with unaccomplished reproductive desires. However, methods applied for this purpose (cold-knife conization, loop electrosurgical excision, trachelectomy) have variable outcomes and do not prevent risks of relapse. Multiple factors are involved in cervical cancer recurrence, even in cases treated at the early stage of the disease. In this review, the authors unveil whether HPV infection and virus type could be one of the key factors associated with cervical cancer recurrence after fertility-sparing surgery. Reviews of the literature reveal that recurrent and persistent HR-HPV infection is a strong predictor of cervical lesions' relapse. In particular, HPV-16 and HPV-18 infections and their persistence have been reported to be associated with cervical cancer recurrence. HR-HPV genotyping before and after fertility-sparing surgery for cervical cancer could facilitate a personalized approach and improve the overall survival rate. Screening for HR-HPV is essential during the follow-up of cervical cancer-treated women and will help to predict possible cancer recurrence.

Identifying System-Level Strategies to Engage in HPV Prevention Across Oral Health and Primary Care Settings

Introduction: HPV vaccination prevents most HPV-related cancers, yet uptake remains low. HPV is linked to an estimated 70% of oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) in the US and outnumber cases of HPV-related cervical cancers. Not all OPCs can be detected through routine screening, making HPV vaccination a more effective primary prevention strategy. However, bridging primary and oral healthcare faces challenges due to a lack of referral networks between practices. The purpose of this study is to identify key infrastructure elements and policies, as well as HPV prevention strategies, among an academic practice network of dental clinics and partnering community health clinics in a southeastern state. Methods: Researchers held interviews with directors and focus groups with staff at six dental clinics and eight associated community clinics in a southeastern state. Interviews and focus groups at dental and community clinics were analyzed by two study team members using thematic analysis with Nvivo software. Results: A total of 90 participants participated in all focus groups and interviews (N = 14 interviews, 10 focus groups (5–13 participants per focus group). Most participants identified as white (58.9%) and female (70%), with an average age of 38.5 years. Researchers identified nine key study themes: three specific to the dental clinics’ HPV conversations with patients, two related to community clinics’ vaccine provision, and four involving the relationship between the dental and co-located community clinics. Dental clinic staff do not currently discuss HPV with patients. They are open to discussing HPV with patients but anticipate barriers that require preparation to overcome them. Community clinics have demonstrated previous success with HPV vaccination, but patients over the age of 18 face financial barriers to vaccination. Community clinics and dental clinics report that they do not currently have existing referral networks but are open to a referral system between practices if infrastructure is put into place to support it. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that there is interest in, and potential for, increased discussion of HPV with dental patients and collaboration between dental and community clinics for HPV vaccination referral. The results of this investigation can be used to develop intervention strategies to increase HPV vaccination through referrals between dental clinics and nearby community clinics. Ultimately, this work can reduce health inequities in HPV-related cancers, serve as a model for US dental practices, and possibly influence public health policy.

Susceptibility of HPV-18 Cancer Cells to HIV Protease Inhibitors.

Cervical cancer cases continue to rise despite all the advanced screening and preventative measures put in place, which include human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. These soaring numbers can be attributed to the lack of effective anticancer drugs against cervical cancer; thus, repurposing the human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors is an attractive innovation. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating the potential anticancer activities of HIV-PIs against cervical cancer cells. The MTT viability assay was used to evaluate the effect of HIV protease inhibitors on the viability of cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and non-cancerous cells (HEK-293). Further confirmation of the MTT assay was performed by confirming the IC50s of these HIV protease inhibitors on cervical cancer cells and non-cancerous cells using the Muse™ Count and Viability assay. To confirm the mode of death induced by HIV protease inhibitors in the HPV-associated cervical cancer cell line, apoptosis was performed using Annexin V assay. In addition, the Muse™ Cell Cycle assay was used to check whether the HIV protease inhibitors promote or halt cell cycle progression in cervical cancer cells. HIV protease inhibitors did not affect the viability of non-cancerous cells (HEK-293), but they decreased the viability of HeLa cervical cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. HIV protease inhibitors induced apoptosis in HPV-related cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, they also induced cell cycle arrest, thus halting cell cycle progression. Therefore, the use of HIV drugs, particularly HIV-1 protease inhibitors, as potential cancer therapeutics represents a promising strategy. This is supported by our study demonstrating their anticancer properties, notably in HPV-associated cervical cancer cell line.

Hydronephrosis Associated with Cervical Cancer Case Report on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Hydronephrosis Associated with Cervical Cancer Case Report on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

RPA-CRISPR-Cas-Mediated Dual Lateral Flow Assay for the Point-of-Care Testing of HPV16 and HPV18.

The incidence of cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has increased in recent years. More than half of all cervical cancer cases are due to HPV16 and HPV18 infection, so HPV16 and HPV18 testing is essential to prevent cervical cancer. HPV testing is mainly carried out in hospitals, but it is subject to time and specialized medical facilities. On the other hand, home self-testing using simple diagnostics would present an attractive alternative due to privacy and flexibility with regard to time and place, provided sufficient sensitivity and specificity can be achieved. In this work, a dual lateral flow assay based on RPA-CRISPR-Cas12a/13a (named RC-LFA) for HPV detection was described. Taking advantage of the cleavage specificity of Cas12a and Cas13a, a CRISPR-Cas12a/Cas13a system was designed to detect HPV16 and HPV18. The lateral flow strip with two test lines was designed to suit the CRISPR-Cas12a/Cas13 system. RC-LFA achieves rapid and simultaneous detection of HPV16 and HPV18 with high specificity and sensitivity (10 copies/μL) in about 40 min from the extraction of nucleic acid to an instrument-free readout. RC-LFA is user-friendly and instrument-free, making it a promising method for HPV self-tests at home.

Clinical target volume (CTV) automatic delineation using deep learning network for cervical cancer radiotherapy: A study with external validation.

To explore the accuracy and feasibility of a proposed deep learning (DL) algorithm for clinical target volume (CTV) delineation in cervical cancer radiotherapy and evaluate whether it can perform well in external cervical cancer and endometrial cancer cases for generalization validation. A total of 332 patients were enrolled in this study. A state-of-the-art network called ResCANet, which added the cascademulti-scale convolution in the skip connections to eliminate semantic differences between different feature layers based on ResNet-UNet. The atrous spatial pyramid pooling in the deepest feature layer combined the semantic information of different receptive fields without losing information. A total of 236 cervical cancer cases were randomly grouped into 5-fold cross-training (n=189) and validation (n=47) cohorts. External validations were performed ina separate cohort of 54 cervical cancer and 42 endometrial cancer cases. The performances of the proposed network were evaluated by dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity (SEN), positive predictive value (PPV), 95% Hausdorff distance (95HD), and oncologist clinical score when comparing them with manual delineation in validation cohorts. In internal validation cohorts, the mean DSC, SEN, PPV, 95HD for ResCANet achieved 74.8%, 81.5%, 73.5%, and 10.5mm. In external independent validation cohorts, ResCANet achieved 73.4%, 72.9%, 75.3%, 12.5mm for cervical cancer cases and 77.1%, 81.1%, 75.5%, 10.3mm for endometrial cancer cases, respectively. The clinical assessment score showed that minor and no revisions (delineation time was shortened to within 30min) accountedforabout 85% of all cases in DL-aided automatic delineation. We demonstrated the problem of model generalizability for DL-based automatic delineation. The proposed network can improve the performance of automatic delineation for cervical cancer and shorten manual delineation time at no expense to quality. The network showed excellent clinical viability, which can also be even generalized for endometrial cancer with excellent performance.

Distribution of HPV genotypes in Mashhad, Iran: insights from a 2022–2023 study

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV), is one of the main causes of cervical cancer and also one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). HPV is responsible for almost all cases of cervical cancer and plays a principal role in causing other cancers including oropharynx, penis, larynx, oral cavity, anus, vulva, and vagina. The study aims to investigate the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes among patients referred to private laboratories in Mashhad, located in the northeast of Iran.Methods and materials428 samples including 382 females (89.3%) and 46 males (10.7%) between January 10, 2022, and February 11, 2023, in Mashhad, Iran were evaluated to detect HPV and determine its genotypes. Cervical swabs and urine samples were collected from females and males, respectively. Viral DNA was extracted by using a CedExtra purification kit (cedbio, Iran) and viral genotypes were identified with a High + Low Papillomastrip kit (Operon, Spain). Mann Whitney U test and Chi-square test were accomplished for statistical analysis.ResultFrom the total of 428 participants analyzed, the HPV test result was positive for 129 patients (30.1%) and negative for 299 people (69.9%). Among the participants, 115 female (30.1%) and 14 male (30.4%) were positive for HPV infection. The prevalence of HPV infection among the referring people was about 30%. The most common genotype identified was HPV-6 (10.3%), followed by HPV-16 (8.7%) and HPV-51 (7.7%), the second and third most common genotypes, respectively. Additionally, HPV-39 was detected at a frequency of 6.70%. HPV-11, HPV-61, HPV-91, and HPV-44 with a frequency of 1% were among the least genotypes identified among the patients.ConclusionIn line with the results of this study, the prevalence of HPV genotypes in both genders is 30%. The results likely reflect differences in the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes, that are less common. Also, HPV-6 and HPV-16 genotypes that are covered by the vaccine had a significant prevalence. On the other hand, with the prevalence of HPV-51 and HPV-39 genotypes in infected people who are not covered by the Gardasil (quadrivalent) vaccine, there is a risk of related cancers in the future.

Inhibiting SNX10 induces autophagy to suppress invasion and EMT and inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway in cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer (CC) is a prevalent malignancy among women with high morbidity and poor prognosis. Sorting nexin 10 (SNX10) is a newly recognized cancer regulatory factor, while its action on CC progression remains elusive. Hence, this study studied the effect of SNX10 on CC development and investigated the mechanism. The SNX10 level in CC and the overall survival of CC cases with different SNX10 expressions were determined by bioinformatics analysis in GEPIA. The SNX10 expression in tumor tissues and clinical significance were studied in 64 CC cases. The overall survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The formation of LC3 was evaluated using immunofluorescence. Cell invasion was measured using the Transwell assay. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was determined by observing cell morphology and assessing EMT marker levels. A xenograft tumor was constructed to evaluate tumor growth. SNX10 was elevated in CC tissues and cells, and the CC cases with high SNX10 levels exhibited poor overall survival. Besides, SNX10 correlated with the FIGO stage, lymph node invasion, and stromal invasion of CC. SNX10 silencing induced CC cell autophagy and suppressed CC cell invasion and EMT. Meanwhile, silenced SNX10 could suppress invasion and EMT via inducing autophagy. Furthermore, SNX10 inhibition suppressed the PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, silenced SNX10 restrained the tumor growth, autophagy, and EMT of CC in vivo. SNX10 was enhanced in CC and correlated with poor prognosis. Silenced SNX10 induced autophagy to suppress invasion and EMT and inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway in CC, making SNX10 a valuable molecule for CC therapy.