Certification Of Services Research Articles

공서비스 공급 관점에서 살펴본 비의료 건강관리서비스 인증 시범사업과 의료민영화 논쟁

In June 2022, the Ministry of Health and Welfare introduced a pilot program for the certification of non-medical health management services. This initiative, however, faced opposition due to concerns about potential healthcare privatization. This study aimed to examine whether the certification pilot program promotes healthcare privatization by utilizing a classification framework for public service provision. Contrary to initial concerns, it appears that the government sought to ensure publicness by acting as an intermediary between service beneficiaries and private providers, thereby incorporating the efficiency and accessibility of the private sector into the system. To address the potential exacerbation of health inequalities through technological monopolies and large-scale capital investment, continuous discussion and consensus among various social stakeholders surrounding this system will be necessary.

Design Application of Active Sea Service Based on The Web at KSOP Tanjung Emas

The process of processing the Active Sea Service Certificate at the Harbormaster and Port Authority (KSOP) of Tanjung Emas is still done manually, making it vulnerable to illegal levies and reliant on paper documents. Therefore, an application is needed to expedite services, enhance efficiency, and minimize the occurrence of illegal levies. This research aims to elucidate the steps for designing a SIMALA application at KSOP Tanjung Emas and to assess its effectiveness. This research employs the Research and Development method, incorporating Planning, Production, and Evaluation (PPE) steps. The effectiveness of the SIMALA application at KSOP Tanjung Emas is gauged using the N-gain value. The process of creating a SIMALA application design at KSOP Tanjung Emas begins with planning, which encompasses preparing tools and materials, conceptualizing the SIMALA application system model, designing the database, structuring database tables, and interface design. The subsequent step is production, involving program and interface implementation. The final step is evaluation, which includes black box testing, phase I improvements, phase II testing, and phase II improvements. The effectiveness of the SIMALA application at KSOP Tanjung Emas falls within the high category, as evidenced by the N-gain value of 0.764.

Initial Validity Evidence for the American Board of Emergency Medicine Emergency Medical Services Certification Examination

Objectives The American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) Emergency Medical Services Medicine (EMS) subspecialty was approved by the American Board of Medical Specialties on September 23, 2010. Subspecialty certification in EMS was contingent on two key elements—completing Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited EMS training and passing the subspecialty certification examination developed by ABEM. The first EMS certification examination was offered in October 2013. Meaningful certification requires rigorous assessment. In this instance, the EMS certification examination sought to embrace the tenets of validity, reliability, and fairness. For the purposes of this report, the sources of validity evidence were anchored on the EMS core content, the examination development process, and the association between fellowship training and passing the certification examination. Methods We chose to use validity evidence that included: 1) content validity (based on the EMS core content); 2) response processes (test items required intended cognitive processes); 3) internal structure supported by the internal relationships among items; 4) relations to other variables, specifically the association between examination performance and ACGME-accredited fellowship training; and 5) the consequences of testing. Results There is strong content validity evidence for the EMS examination based on the core content and its detailed development process. The core content and supporting job-task analysis was also used to define the examination blueprint. Internal structure support was evidenced by Cronbach’s coefficient alpha, which ranged from 0.82 to 0.92. Physicians who completed ACGME-accredited EMS fellowship training were more likely to pass the EMS certification examination (chi square, p < 0.0001; Cramér’s, V = 0.24). Finally, there were two sources of consequential validity evidence—use of test results to determine certification and use of the resulting certificate. Conclusions There is substantial and varied validity evidence to support the use of the EMS certifying examination in making summative decisions to award certification in EMS. Of note, there was a statistically significant association between ACGME-accredited fellowship training and passing the examination.

ANALYSIS OF CONSUMERS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM SECTOR IN THE LITHUANIA REGIONS

In the article, the author analyzes the attitude of consumers towards the sustainable development of the tourism sector in the Lithuania regions. The purpose of the research is to analyze the attitude of consumers towards the sustainable development of the tourism sector in the Lithuania regions. During the research, a quantitative survey (questionnaire survey) was conducted. Data collection methods - analysis of scientific literature and sources, document analysis, questionnaire survey. The article analyzes the consumers' attitude towards the sustainable development of the tourism sector from a theoretical point of view and presents the results of the conducted research. It is concluded that the respondents consider the following factors of sustainable development of the tourism sector to be the most important: development of ecological tourism; accessibility of tourism; creation of tourist routes accessible to all; certification of tourism services; development of the common national route and development of bicycle tourism infrastructure, etc. According to the respondents, the following problems of sustainable development of the tourism sector are usually encountered: economic problem: insufficient investments in the development of sustainable tourism; lack of knowledge about the essence and principles of sustainable tourism in local politics; underdeveloped tourism sector infrastructure, etc.

Continuous Auditing and Continuous Certification of Cloud Services in MEDINA - Security Auditor's View.

This paper discusses views on continuous auditing and continuous certification of cloud services in the context of the MEDINA EU project and the security auditing industry. Based on an introduction of MEDINA, the notions of continuous auditing and continuous certification are introduced from a security auditor's perspective to discuss the opportunities and challenges related to these topics. The paper also discusses further actions beyond this project in order to provide feedback on how continuous auditing and certification can be developed and introduced to the market.

MEDINA Catalogue of Cloud Security controls and metrics: Towards Continuous Cloud Security compliance.

In order to address current challenges on security certification of European ICT products, processes and services, the European Comission, through ENISA (European Union Agency for Cybersecurity), has developed the European Cybersecurity Certification Scheme for Cloud Services (EUCS). This paper presents the overview of the H2020 MEDINA project approach and tools to support the adoption of EUCS and offers a detailed description of one of the core components of the framework, the MEDINA Catalogue of Controls and Metrics. The main objective of the MEDINA Catalogue is to provide automated functionalities for CSPs' compliance managers and auditors to ease the certification process towards EUCS, through the provision of all information and guidance related to the scheme, namely categories, controls, security requirements, assurance levels, etc. The tool has been enhanced with all the research and implementation works performed in MEDINA, such as definition of compliance metrics, suggestion of related implementation guidelines, alignment of similar controls in other schemes, and a set of self-assessment questionnaires, which are presented and discussed in this paper.

Meritocracy and certification in the quality of public managemen

This research is nuanced and directed to the study and incorporation of the quality of officials in government and public management. It is clear to optimize that this study of the most representative literary contributions, shared and disseminated in recent years. They approach the various global changes of social impacts and their influence on the transformations of public policies and improvement of state entities. Share an approach to modernity and new governance based on qualified and expert staff. Together with a legal framework, which raises a vision between a new public management and quality of professionals based on their experience and professional technical capacity that from the sampling and administrative reforms applied in the magnitude of the extension of Latin American governments in recent years and international organizations, public and private within a policy of implementation and operation of effective quality management systems. The quality management models and the certification of services under international quality and capacity standards such as ISO 9000 and the analysis of processes supporting public management are definitely taken as a premise

IDENTIFICATION AS A STAGE OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE PROCESS OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT (CERTIFICATION) OF DEFENSE PRODUCTS

Certification of products, processes and services is a means of ensuring that they meet the requirements established in technical standards and other regulatory documents. Any activity in the field of conformity assessment (certification) of defense products is associated with the possibility of unforeseen events that may affect the achievement of results in accordance with the established goal, tasks, plans of the conformity assessment (certification) body. It must make decisions regarding the compliance of the evaluated defense products with regulatory requirements, which does not exclude the occurrence of certain risks that must be identified for risk optimization. The lack of established risk identification system is one of the important factors that can negatively affect the results of the Authority’s activities.&#x0D; The purpose of the article is to clarify the essence of the concept of risk identification in the field of conformity assessment (certification) of defense products as part of the overall risk assessment process, analysis of potential risk areas in the Authority’s activities, determination of identification criteria and approaches to its implementation. During the research, general scientific and special research methods were applied, including methods of system analysis and synthesis, comparative legal method, etc. An analysis of general and special risks that may arise in the field of conformity assessment (certification) has been carried out, the importance of identifying such risks has been determined; it was established that to improve the risk identification process, a comprehensive approach of the entire staff of the conformity assessment (certification) body is necessary.&#x0D; There is a justified need to create a risk identification system, which would include risk identification procedures at various stages of certification, taking into account the influence of the human factor and the protection of confidential information.

Trusted infrastructure needs DINIvolution – the DINI certificate for Open Access publishing services

Research information infrastructure services require transparent criteria and guidelines to be considered trustworthy, i.e. sustainable, interoperable and ready for future challenges. The DINI Certificate for Open Access Publication Services (an English version is currently in preparation) supports these requirements. The community-developed, noncommercial certificate paves the way for open scholarly communication and supports the prerequisites for the free availability of scholarly information as an essential element of future-oriented research-related services. Launched in 2004 and now in its 7th revised version, the DINI certificate has undergone dozens of successful certification processes, and is still unique and can be considered a de facto standard for publishing services, at least in Germany, and a role model for other countries. It is therefore recommended as a guide for publication services by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The DINI Certificate is managed by a team of information experts from research libraries, research organisations and software developers who are organised in the “Electronic Publishing” working group of DINI e.V. DINI or the German Initiative for Networked Information (Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation) promotes the development of interoperable open and trustworthy information infrastructures and services at research institutions.The DINI Certificate is based on an elaborate set of criteria that takes into account international standards and reflects the current state of technical, organisational and editorial requirements. For certified institutions, the DINI certificate provides a quasiguarantee that their service complies with the requirements of open science and will continue to do so. For others, it provides guidance on implementing a state-of-the-art service. Feedback from the interested community is collected through an open call for comments and taken into account in the revision processes.In the latest certificate (2022), the focus is on supporting users as authors and recipients, the requirements of open science, the sustainability of the service infrastructure, and the desired internationalisation. As a first step towards internationalisation, the certificate has been extended to include the specific requirements for certification of Austrian publication services. Complementary tools and measurements support the effectiveness of the certificate.This presentation will highlight the “DINIverse” − the DINI Certificate and its complementary tools − as a central instrument and inspiration for establishing and maintaining trustworthy Open Access publishing services. In three chapters it will give a brief overview of the origin of the certificate and the continuous adoption of new established requirements as essential parts of the “DINIvolution”, the related workflows, the benefits for users as well as the related services and projects: e.g. supporting tools like the DINI OAI validator, a dynamic overview of publishing services from Germanspeaking countries developed in cooperation with BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine as well as a specialised vocabulary to support compliance with international standards.

Ліцензування і сертифікація транспортних послуг

This article is devoted to the analysis of the processes of licensing and certification of transport services in Ukraine. The subject of the study is the process of licensing and certification of transport services, in particular the study of its efficiency, problems, prospects, and impact on the quality of the provision of transport services. The purpose of this article is to formulate recommendations for increasing the efficiency of licensing and certification procedures, considering modern trends in the development of transport in Ukraine. It examines the problems faced by transport companies and customers in these processes and offers ways to improve the system. The article addresses the following tasks: - conducting an analysis of modern trends in the development of licensing and certification processes under martial law; determination of the best European licensing experience and processes of its implementation in Ukraine; development of an algorithm for compliance with the requirements of licensing conditions by motor carriers in Ukraine. The article begins with a statement of the problem, in which insufficient efficiency and unreliability of the processes of licensing and certification of transport services are noted. It emphasizes the importance of safety, quality, and reliability in these processes, especially under martial law. The results of the study are an analysis of modern trends in the development of licensing and certification processes in the context of martial law, which indicates the tightening of security, revision of procedures, reduction of the volume of documentation, involvement of international assistance, use of technologies, and the need for flexibility and adaptation. In the future, possible ways of improving the licensing and certification systems are being investigated. They cover system reform, introduction of modern technologies, standards, and international practices. The authors of this article call for ensuring efficiency, transparency and safety in the processes of licensing and certification of transport services. Based on this analysis, the article provides valuable conclusions and recommendations for improving the system of licensing and certification of transport services in Ukraine. Because of the analysis, the article provides recommendations on the development of an algorithm for compliance with the requirements of licensing conditions by motor carriers in Ukraine. The algorithm for the implementation of licensing and certification of transport services has several key stages, which include application submission, analysis and verification, issuance of a license or certificate, and further supervision and control of the enterprise's activities. This algorithm helps ensure compliance with safety, quality, and other requirements in the field of transport services. It allows government bodies and regulators to monitor the activities of transport companies and ensure the safety and satisfaction of users' needs. Conclusions: Licensing and certification of transport services are necessary mechanisms to ensure safety, quality, and standards in this field. They help reduce risks for passengers, increase the reliability of services, and ensure compliance with established regulatory requirements. The process of licensing and certification of transport services can be complex and requires significant efforts on the part of operators and regulatory authorities. Effective simplification and standardization of procedures can facilitate their implementation and reduce bureaucratic obstacles. The presence of a clear legal framework regulating the licensing and certification of transport services is an important factor for ensuring transparency, stability, and trust in the system. It is necessary to ensure the compliance of legislation with international standards and best practices.

EU – US comparison of approaches to cybersecurity certification and standardization

The increasing dependence of the information society on the confidentiality, availability and integrity of information and communication systems is forcing countries to introduce regulations to protect key infrastructures and systems. One of the tools of this regulation is the standardization and certification of ICT products and services. This area has undergone dynamic development in recent years, both in terms of the method of regulation and the approach to defining security requirements. This paper compares approaches to cybersecurity standardization and certification in the US and the EU, particularly in the context of new and pending legislation in the EU in the form of the Cybersecurity Act and the forthcoming Cyber Resilience Act. The paper aims to identify the differences between these regimes and their compatibility from the perspectives of certification providers, vendors and users.

СЕРТИФІКАЦІЯ СТАЛОГО ТУРИЗМУ: ПЕРЕВАГИ ТА НЕДОЛІКИ

Today, tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy and a key driver of social and economic progress throughout the world. Tourism is an important factor for gettingnew jobs, economic growth of the country, environmental protection and preservation, and overcoming poverty. This is possible only under the condition of responsible management and planning of tourist recreation areas. Otherwise, traditional tourism can cause significant negative impacts on the environment. Certification of tourist products and services is an important element of state regulation of the activities of tourism entities. Sustainable tourism certificates are intended for voluntary assessment and monitoring of environmental and social impacts of tourism organizations or destinations that promote tourism. Certification is carried out by certification bodies according to many criteria related to business practices, social policy, environmental impact, supply chain and procurement, etc. For tourists, the certificates for tourism business owners indicates compliance with the basic generally accepted requirements for sustainable tourism, as well as the fact that the company is committed to a sustainable approach to the environment and the local community. The article draws attention to the main aspects of certification of sustainable tourism in Ukraine. Attention is focused on such types of tourism that minimize negative effects on the environment. A number of main advantages are given, thanks to which tourists choose sustainable types of tourism. Such types of tourism should include ecological (green), rural, sports, mountain, cultural and educational, medical and health tourism, etc. The areas of tourism certification and their compliance with national standards were analyzed. It is emphasized that sustainable tourism should become a model for greening the entire tourism industry. It is substantiated that one of the important tools of the state regulation of tourism activity is the environmental certification of tourism. The recommendations for the development of sustainable tourism in Ukraine have been formulated.

Halal Certification as Sharia Legitimacy for Economic Empowerment of Zakat Mustahiq

Zakat is one of the economic instruments in Islam whose main purpose is the enforcement of economic justice. Zakat during the Covid-19 pandemic is very much needed by the community to overcome economic problems for those affected by Covid-19. This article explores the problems of the fiqh arrangement of zakat distribution for people affected by Covid-19 and the fulfillment of their socioeconomic justice rights through zakat instruments. This article was studied normatively with secondary legal materials using descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that zakat has been used to reduce poverty due to Covid-19. This has become the legitimacy of distributing zakat to communities affected by Covid-19. Based on MUI Fatwa No. 23 of 2020, zakat may be used for community needs due to the Covid-19 outbreak. Communities affected by Covid-19 can be classified as mustahiq faqir because they are victims of natural disasters and social disasters. The distribution and utilization of zakat to the poor affected by Covid-19 is basically the fulfillment of social and economic justice for the community, which is the essence of zakat as an economic instrument for the people.Zakat is an instrument of the Islamic economy and one of its purposes is to improve the welfare of the poor ( dhuafa ). To empower productive enterprises by mustahiq zakat in the form of goods and services that can be accepted by the community through halal product certification. The problem faced in the field is that the common products of goods and services produced by mustahiq zakat have not been certified halal, so they do not have gained the syar'i legitimacy which has implications for the economic improvement of mustahiq . This study is a normative legal research that emphasizes descriptive secondary data. The results of this study show that halal certification is part of the syar’i legitimacy to provide guarantees to the Muslim consumer. Halal certification of goods and services produced by mustahiq zakat through productive zakat has not been implemented optimally due to low legal awareness of mustahiq regarding halal certification, limited advocacy from zakat management agencies, expensive certification costs, and bureaucratic certification procedures. Keywords: Economic empowerment, halal certification, sharia legitimacy, zakat DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/127-03 Publication date: December 31 st 2022

Midwifery Care of Pregnant Individuals Experiencing Opioid use Disorder: Changing Regulations, Complexities, and Call to Action.

Opioid use disorder (OUD), overdose, and death have exploded in the United States in the past 2 decades. The number of pregnant and birthing people reporting opioid use and misuse is also rising. Co-occurring mental illness, multisubstance use, and associated medical comorbidities often complicate care for pregnant individuals with OUD. Neonates who are exposed to opioids in utero are at risk for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and other short- and long-term sequelae. Recent changes to the Department of Health and Human Services Practice Guidelines for the Administration of Buprenorphine for Treating Opioid Use Disorder have now provided a pathway for midwives to prescribe buprenorphine for opioid use disorder (OUD) for up to 30 individuals at one time without further training or certification of ancillary services. Midwives have a key role to play in expanding the availability and quality of interprofessional care provided to individuals with OUD. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and American Society of Addiction Medicine, along with other professional organizations, provide toolkits and guidelines for the provision of MOUD for pregnant people. Midwives who care for individuals with OUD should be familiar with the unique needs of this population and resources to guide their care. This case study highlights midwives' essential role in treating OUD and co-occurring mental disorders.

Certification of enterprises and standardization of services as tools for management of the competitiveness of tourism activities in Ukraine

The subject of the study is the theoretical and practical aspects of the certification of enterprises and standardization of services in the tourism sector in order to increase their competitiveness. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the institutional foundations and components of the certification and standardization of tourist activities at the level of tourist enterprises and services as important tools for managing their competitiveness. The methodological basis of the article was both general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. Scientific research methods were used in the article: historical, system-structural analysis and synthesis, monographic, statistical-economic, problem-targeted. Results of the article. The article defines the essence of certification and standardization of tourist activity at the level of enterprises, products and services. Their leading role as a means of increasing the competitiveness of domestic tourism and its management is substantiated, including in the village The specifics and peculiarities of providing certificates and standards for agro-villages and other enterprises of rural green tourism have been determined. Their management with the help of these effective tools will contribute to the revival and preservation of rural areas. Results of the article. The results can be used by tourism enterprises, united territorial communities, regional and state authorities, non-governmental organizations, and higher education institutions. Conclusions. The above-mentioned ways of improving the procedure for certification of services in the field of rural green tourism in Ukraine are not exhaustive. Given that rural green tourism enterprises are currently in the formative stage in Ukraine, are part of the tourism industry and comprehensively solve the socio-economic problems of rural areas, it is necessary to urgently take effective steps to regulate the legal status of this type of tourist activity and the procedure for its certification in order to ensure competitiveness.

Impact of COVID-19 on initial emergency medical services certification in the United States.

ObjectiveAs the COVID‐19 pandemic began, there were significant concerns for the strength and stability of the emergency medical services (EMS) workforce. These concerns were heightened with the closure of examination centers and the cessation of certification examinations. The impact of this interruption on the EMS workforce is unclear. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of COVID‐19 on initial EMS certification in the United States. In addition, we evaluated mitigation measures taken to address these interruptions.MethodsThis study was a cross‐sectional evaluation of the National Certification Cognitive Examination administration and results for emergency medical technician (EMT) and paramedic candidates. We compared the number of examinations administered and first‐attempt pass rates in 2020 (pandemic) to 2019 (control). Descriptive statistics and 2 one‐sided tests of equivalence were used to assess if there was a relevant difference of ±5 percentage points.ResultsTotal number of examinations administered decreased by 15% (EMT, 14%; paramedic, 7%). Without the addition of EMT remote proctoring, the EMT reduction would have been 35%. First‐time pass rates were similar in both EMT (−0.9%) and paramedic (−1.9%) candidates, which did not meet our threshold of a relevant difference.ConclusionCOVID‐19 has had a measurable impact on examination administration for both levels of certification. First‐time pass rates remained unaffected. EMT remote proctoring mitigated some of the impact of COVID‐19 on examination administration, although a comparison with mitigation was not assessed. These reductions indicate a potential decrease in the newly certified workforce, but future evaluations will be necessary to assess the presence and magnitude of this impact.

P1625: STATE OF CERTIFICATION IN TRANSFUSION SERVICES IN ANDALUSIA. LOW RATE OF CERTIFICATION IN COMMUNITY HOSPITALS

Background: A quality management system certified bya an externel entity allows the development of a safe and efficient transfusion activity, while contributing to the involvement of all hospital staff to improving a continous quality system. In Spain there are two entities accredited by ENAC for certification in transfusion: Transfusion Accreditation Commitee (CAT) and the Agency for Health Quality of Andalusia (ACSA), although the latter with a specific program limited to transfusion centers not available for hospital practice. Aims: Describe the situation related to quality management system in transfusion medicine in Andalusia (a región in the south of Spain) in 2021. Methods: On the basis of data published by the CAT and ACSA we exposed the number of certified centers in Andalusia compared with to national data. Results: .-Although almost half transfusion centers in Andalusia are certified by CAT, 100 % of them are validated by the ACSA specific program. 2.- 29 % of centers accredited in Spain are accredited in Andalusia. 3.-The percentage of accreditation is related to the type of centers: 100 % in cord blood banks and transfusion centers; 75 % in big hospitals and only 12 % in little community hospitals. 4.-The relationship with the referral hospital and transfusion center seems to be the most important predisposing factor to maintain a certification program. Related to the certification program in the form of mangement, it´s not fully adapted to “little” hospitals, because if it´s true that there is a hospital responsable for haemovigilance, hemotherapy isn´t an exclusive dedication for him. Summary/Conclusion: The implementation of a management system certified quality by an external entity is a clear need in all transfusion centers, although the percentage of certified centers is less tahn 40 %, represented a 29 % of the certified centers nationwide. 2. Certification of transfusion services by CAT is the only feasible option, but its adaptation to “little” community hospitals is so difficult which is evident in view of the low number of certified centers. 3.Continuous quality improvement represents an additional workload sometimes unacceptable, it would be required a limited version adapted to general hospitals with low rate of transfusion and no specific staff transfusion related.

Blockchain in Education - The Case of Language Learning

Abstract New technological developments, such as 5G networks, smart and interconnected devices, and the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), lead to a new reality in which the secure flow of data is non-negotiable. In this new reality, blockchain technology can play a crucial role, as it has the ability to provide the necessary background for the safe and inviolable operation of systems. Blockchain is a distributed ledger, in which information and data are stored and verified. These blocks of data do not have to be related to financial transactions but may concern any other type of data that needs to be securely recorded and not changed retrospectively. Although the first application of blockchain technology was about digital currency (Bitcoin), its usefulness is not limited to cryptocurrencies or the field of economics. Blockchain, especially in its last stage v3.0, has many applications in various sectors such as data storage, certification of products and services, government, insurance, health, science, and education. This paper focuses on the current and potential educational applications of blockchain and presents how this technology can be used to solve specific education problems. Nowadays, a variety of blockchain applications concerning the issue and storage of certificates and diplomas, the evaluation of learning outcomes, the support and the academic degree management, the protection of intellectual property, the cooperation between students and their professors, learning accreditation, payment for studies, formation of an academic passport (portfolio) or administration of the educational process are implemented in some HEI and institutions. The paper analyzes the features and advantages of blockchain technology, presents some of the current blockchain applications for education, as well as the benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology in the educational sector. Finally, special reference is made to applications related to the field of language learning.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЇ СЕРТИФІКАЦІЇ ПОСЛУГ

The article is devoted to the study the process of international marketing certification of services in different countries. |In connection with the reform of the medical sphere in Ukraine, there is a gradual transition to market relations in the field of medical services. This process should optimize all activities which are associated with improving the efficiency of medical services in the domestic market of Ukraine and in the foreign markets. The use of marketing technologies in the field of ser-vices in their implementation in the international market should be based on the study and proper organization of the process of international marketing certification of such services. The goal of the article is to analyze the international experience of marketing certification of services as a tool for their marketing promotion in the international market. Certification and licensing of medical services on the Ukrainian market and on the international market is a mandatory process that protects both those who provide such medical services and those who receive them from external and internal factors of negative influence. The internal system of marketing certification of medical services in Ukraine includes the process of licensing and control, accreditation, examination and certification as a health care institution, medical and non-medical workers and medical services. It also includes certification of health care facilities according to the ISO 9001: 2009 standard. Today, there is no universally accepted system of certification of medical services, so each country uses its own set of standards and regulations for such activities. At the article authors considered the international marketing certification systems which are implemented by health care institutions in the European Union, Great Britain, Ireland, Canada, the United States, the Middle East, South America and Australia. The process of international marketing certification of medical services allows to solve the internal problems of health care institutions in Ukraine and will allow them to promote effectively their services in the international market.

СТАНДАРТИЗАЦІЯ І СЕРТИФІКАЦІЯ ЯК ЗАСІБ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ

This article is devoted to issues related to standardization and certification of processes, products and services. It substantiates the need to use standardization and certification as methods of quality assurance. The terms "standardization" and "certification" are defined. The purpose, main tasks and principles of standardization are highlighted. It is noted that a characteristic feature of standardization is that its scope and application, level of development are in a wide range. It has been established that one of the key problems of scientific, technical and economic development of countries is the problem of improving the quality and competitiveness of products and services. It is noted that improving the quality and increasing the competitiveness of goods (processes, works, services) is possible only on the basis of standardization. It allows you to regulate product quality requirements, to more effectively solve specialization problems, to determine the most rational methods of production and processing of raw materials, to manage the quality of goods in production and the sphere of circulation. It has been proven that one of the important ways to improve the quality and increase the competitiveness of processes, works, and services is its certification. The types of certification are disclosed. The importance of certification as one of the important ways to improve the quality and increase the competitiveness of processes, works, and services is substantiated. As an element of the quality control system, certification is a rather expensive tool, but effective enough both for optimizing production and strengthening competitive positions on the market. To determine the expediency of the implementation, it is necessary to have up-to-date information on the level of quality of processes, products, services and marketing analysis of the market. It was determined that in the modern world, standards exist in a dynamic and changing environment. Thus, as an element of the quality control system, certification is a rather expensive tool, but effective enough both for optimizing production and strengthening competitive positions on the market.