Compliance Certification Research Articles

Certificado médico de complacencia parte 1

Un paciente de 30 años acude a consulta médica por un problema de dispepsia y epigastralgia de vieja data. Al terminar la consulta, le comenta al médico que la afección que presenta le impidió asistir durante tres días a su trabajo y le pide que le certifique esta incapacidad para evitar una sanción disciplinaria o un despido por justa causa de la institución donde labora. El médico le expide una incapacidad por los tres días anteriores al día de la consulta y como considera que el diagnóstico de gastritis crónica no es suficiente para justificar la incapacidad, anota en el documento como diagnóstico “sangrado gastrointestinal en estudio”. El paciente agradece al médico la expedición de este certificado. Se realiza un análisis ético de los denominados certificados médicos de complacencia.

Influence of neodymium magnet field on fuel gas metering with diaphragm gas meters

The article deals with the problem of illegal fuel gas consumption among individual consumers in households, especially with regard to gas theft using neodymium magnets attached to diaphragm gas meters. First, the author presents a historical outline of the use of neodymium magnets for the purpose of illegal consumption of fuel gas. The current legal status regarding the requirements for gas meters resistance to tampering and the activities of the Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute (INiG – PIB) and Distribution System Operators aimed at eliminating the possibility of illegal gas consumption with the use of neodymium magnets were discussed. Currently possible methods of confirming gas theft using gas meters exposed to the magnetic field of neodymium magnets were presented. Next, the methods of performing at the INiG – PIB laboratory expert examinations of gas meters suspected to be used for illegal gas consumption after their removal from the distribution network were described, and the criteria for assessing these gas meters were given. Based on the expert examinations of gas meters carried out at the Laboratory of Flow Metrology INiG – PIB in the years 2006–2020, a summary of the share of gas meters tampered with the use of neodymium magnets and gas meters with an increased remanence level was presented in relation to performed in a given year expert examinations of gas meters suspected to be used for illegal gas consumption. The methods of counteracting the theft of fuel gas with diaphragm gas meters tampered with the use of neodymium magnets were shown. It has been proved that at present the EC type examination certificate (MID Directive) and the certificate of compliance with the requirements of EN 1359 or OIML R 137-1 & 2 specification do not confirm gas meters resistance to gas theft involving the use of a strong magnetic field. Requirements for new diaphragm gas meters in terms of their resistance to neodymium magnets were presented, and updated criteria for the evaluation of the test results of gas meters exposed to these magnets were given. Finally, a conclusion was proposed regarding the necessity to include provisions on the resistance of diaphragm gas meters to magnetic field in the relevant normative documents for gas meters in order to provide a systemic safeguard for the parties to fuel gas supply contracts.

Модель организационно-экономического механизма устойчивого развития экспортных предприятий

The article presents the conditions that contribute to the development of an organizational and economic mechanism. The article reveals the need to implement pilot programs to support export enterprises and successfully implement reforms in the field of foreign trade. In modern realities, the formation of the mechanism will contribute to the optimization of processes in the business environment, and the revival of the market, which should have a positive impact on the pace of international development. Integration of industries and cluster development, according to the authors, will accelerate the pace of high-quality development. From the point of view of foreign trade stabilization, the highest priority for further deepening of reforms is a sharp reduction of government costs in import and export relations in order to increase the competitiveness of foreign trade. Further cost reduction is aimed at meeting import and export requirements and facilitating cross-border trade. It is proposed to use the advantages of the new customs, deepen reforms, simplify customs clearance procedures, reduce the volume of import and export documents, apply a “single window” in international trade, as well as reduce port, inspection and quarantine fees. At the same time, it is important to pay attention to the time and cost of certification of compliance and compliance with borders. The creation of free trade zones as the core, and the deepening of market reforms, which will affect the qualitative construction of a market system with high standards and further optimization of the business environment. The use of the main results of the study in practice contributes to the development of a model of the organizational and economic mechanism for the development of exports to the domestic market. The findings will allow us to develop an effective strategy for the sustainable development of export enterprises not only in the domestic market, but also in the external one

СЕРТИФІКАЦІЯ ПРОДУКЦІЇ ТА ПОСЛУГ ЗАКЛАДІВ БАРНОЇ СПРАВИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article substantiates the importance of certification of products and services of bar establishments in Ukraine. It is established that one of the areas of state influence on the work of bar establishments is the introduction of mandatory and voluntary certification. The peculiarities of carrying out certification works for a bar establishment are analyzed. It is noted that the availability of the necessary quality certificates for products and services of restaurants is an extremely important element of their successful operation in the domestic market. Compliance with state standards of service provision and sale of products by bar establishments remains important. Given the diversity of bar establishments operating in Ukraine, certification of products and services is necessary for their activities. The coincidence of the interests of the state with the interests of the owners allows to significantly expanding the boundaries of state regulation, and vice versa. One of the areas of state influence is the introduction of mandatory and voluntary certification of restaurants in Ukraine. Catering services for restaurants and bars, including those provided by tourism entities are subject to mandatory certification for compliance with regulatory requirements and compliance with international standards ISO 9000 series. Catering services subject to mandatory certification include the services of restaurants, cafes, bars, canteens and other catering establishments that provide services to tourists. Formally, the following types of bars are allowed in Ukraine: cocktail bar, milk bar, beer bar (pub), wine bar, gaming bar, grill bar, coffee shop, vitamin bar, dessert bar. Certification of food services in the voluntary system of UkrSEPRO is carried out in accordance with established standards. Bar establishments to expand the range can receive qualified assistance in Ukrmetrteststandard. All performed works on certification of products and services are paid by the subject of bar business the applicant under contracts for carrying out certification works, which are concluded with the body for certification of products. Certification of products and services is part of the state regulation of the activities of domestic restaurant businesses. Certification of products and services of bar establishments creates preconditions and conditions for successful solution of important socio-economic problems and tasks that promote integration processes in the restaurant business.

Пути сокращения сроков итоговой проверки, проводимой органами государственного строительного надзора, на примере зарубежных подходов

The article presents the results of the comparative analysis which has been carried out of domestic and foreign systems of state supervision in construction. Distinctive features in the principles of the state supervision authority`s work are revealed. The purpose of the study is to minimize bureaucratic procedures at the stage of the final inspection carried out by the state construction supervision. Recommendations for optimizing the composition of the acceptance documentation are given. It is proposed to amend Article 39 of Federal Law No. 384-FZ of December 30, 2009, regarding the transfer of responsibility for confirming compliance of the completed construction facility with technical regulations and the project to the technical customer, with the issuance of certificates of compliance.

Does standardization have an impact on innovation activity in different countries?

Nowadays, innovation and standardization are very important issues. The aim of this paper was to review the relationship between the components of the Summary Innovation Index (SII) according to the European Innovation Scoreboard and the features that determine the innovation level in 35 countries (taking into account the number of the following certificates: ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 27001, ISO 50001, ISO 22000, ISO 13485) in 2017. The innovation ranking was created for these countries, considering the fact of certification for compliance with the ISO requirements. In this paper, an attempt was made to determine whether countries with very low innovation activity (performance) are at the same time characterized by a very low level of saturation with globally recognized ISO certificates, which confirm the implementation, functioning and improvement of selected types of management systems. The conclusions from the study are as follows: 1) standardization can be seen as an innovation tool; 2) as the number of ISO 9001 certificates increases, the number of ISO 14001 certificates (per the population of 100,000 people) also increases; 3) as the number of ISO 13485 certificates increases, the value of the SII also becomes higher. The features are modelled at 70%; 4) the weakest relationship can be observed between the SII and the ISO 9001 certification; 5) Switzerland obtained the highest mean value set for the innovation index proposed in the study, suggesting that the country can be considered the innovation leader of 2017 from among the countries investigated. The last (35th) place in the ranking was occupied by Ukraine. Acknowledgement(s)The authors are thankful to The Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland for financial support to carry out this research.

Development and implementation of the first domestic automobile-carrying cars for the transportation of automobiles in the passenger trains

One of the activities of the JSC “FPK” is the creation of competitive advantages for passenger rail transport by formulating proposals for the provision of new services in long-distance trains. Currently, there is a need for intercity and even international transportation of automobiles for passengers traveling on long-distance trains.To resolve this issue, the JSC “FPK” developed a technical task, according to which the PKTB L JSC “RZD” designed a specialized passenger car for the transportation of automobiles in the long-distance trains. It was created on the basis of a 47D model car built in Germany, which was modernized during its overhaul.Prototype of the new car has passed a full range of tests in accordance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union (TR CU) 001/2011 at the test center of the JSC NO “TIV”. Based on the positive results of the dynamic-strength, fireprevention, electrical and other tests, the Voronezh Car Repair Plant received from the Federal Agency for Railway Transport a certificate of compliance with the requirements of the TR CU and the right to manufacture an initial batch of cars.During impact tests, the low reliability of the standard thrustscrew fastening of the car wheels was established. In order to eliminate the noted drawback, a lock-cable mount was developed. Repeated impact tests have confirmed the effectiveness of the new wheel mounting design.Operation of the first batch of cars (8 and 5 units) showed a great demand for this type of service, especially on the directions Moscow—St. Petersburg—Moscow, Moscow—Helsinki—Moscow, Moscow—Adler—Moscow. In this regard, the issue of the development and manufacture of new cars with improved performance indicators (increasing the number of transported automobiles to 8–10 units instead of 4–5 units in the operated cars) is being worked out.

Conservation Policy: Helping or hindering science to unlock properties of plants and fungi

Societal Impact StatementBiodiversity loss is happening at an unprecedented rate. Understanding and protecting biodiversity has never been more urgent, and scientific research is key to this. Fair and transparent access and benefit sharing policies enable research to take place, whilst supporting sustainable livelihoods of communities and ensuring benefits are shared. Current national legislation has been unevenly implemented and, in this article, we recommend frameworks be developed to standardize the provision and use of genetic resources for non‐commercial research.Summary Access to genetic resources for scientific research is vital to support and promote the conservation and sustainable use of the world's biodiversity. The regulatory framework for research is stipulated by Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) legislation at a national level, but other elements – legal transparency, respect, cooperation, and trust – are essential for its effective and sustainable implementation. Despite the intention of this “ABS regime” to protect natural resources and associated knowledge from misappropriation, several studies have questioned whether national regulatory approaches have led to constraints on research and conservation. We analyse evidence and provide case studies on how these regulations are affecting research. We find that the number of Internationally Recognized Certificates of Compliance (IRCC) of the Nagoya Protocol (NP), the key compliance mechanism of the ABS system, doubled in the six months prior to February 2020 and analyse why this may be the case. Additionally, a survey of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Authorities in 28 countries, found differences in the way the Registered Scientific Institute scheme is interpreted and used to facilitate scientific research. Our results suggest while the regulatory systems are perceived as hindering research and conservation, regulatory mechanisms enabling responsible research are becoming increasingly functional. We argue that functional and transparent systems are needed for both regulators and researchers, to ensure that non‐commercial research can continue smoothly, and present conclusions to support research for the benefit of all countries and partners involved, through appropriate frameworks for implementation and reporting.

Aplicação de um modelo de checklist como metodologia de gestão de riscos na conformidade de registro de gestão no âmbito da Defensoria Pública da União - um estudo de caso

O trabalho versou sobre a utilização de modelo de checklist aplicado à Conformidade de Registro de Gestão que consiste na certificação dos registros dos atos e fatos da execução orçamentária, financeira e patrimonial dos órgãos da administração pública federal. Objetivou-se comprovar a adequabilidade do modelo elaborado como efetiva ferramenta de apoio à gestão, além de outros benefícios como guiar a certificação e otimizar o tempo de análise dos documentos. Procurou-se investigar a utilidade da aplicação do modelo de checklist como instrumento no controle preventivo da gestão da execução orçamentária, financeira e patrimonial, assim como meio para auxiliar na certificação de conformidade de registro e gestão. Utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, a pesquisa explicativa, com a análise quantitativa de dados coletados por meio da pesquisa-ação, cujo método consiste na realização da pesquisa durante o exercício da própria atividade do conformista de registro de gestão. O percurso percorrido foi a descrição primeiramente do cenário sem o checklist e posteriormente com o checklist, em seguida descrever a criação e a implementação do modelo proposto de checklist e apresentar casos reais em que a aplicação do modelo permitiu ações corretivas na organização com a respectiva demonstração dos benefícios aferidos após a implementação do modelo proposto. Por fim, constatou-se que o modelo de checklist proposto e implementado trouxe resultados favoráveis para a administração e para o próprio setor, mitigando os riscos inerentes a execução orçamentária, financeira e patrimonial.

Shari'ah compliance requirements and the cost of equity capital

This study examines if adoption of Shari'ah Compliance Requirements (SCR) effects on the cost of equity capital of the firms. We estimate the cost of equity capital implied by market prices and analyst forecasts, and account for changes in growth expectations around adoption of SCR. Our results show that transitional implications of Shari'ah compliance can diverge depending on the information spread. The findings reveal that getting a Shari'ah compliance certificate initially increases the cost of equity for a firm, potentially due to higher financial constraints and other burdens associated with Shari'ah requirements. However, with greater exposure and awareness in Islamic markets, Shari'ah compliance eventually leads to a fall in the cost of equity. We also find that at the industry-level, SCR adoption effects are stronger in relatively tangible sectors. In our analysis to measure the impact of Shai'ah compliance on COE, we employed a treatment/control study, (difference in differences analysis) of both Shari'ah and conventional firms to conduct robustness checks. Our robustness analyses confirm that becoming Sharia compliant increases the stock liquidity of SCR adopted firms, which in turn impacts the cost of equity negatively.

Borated aluminum cask design for onsite intermediate storage: Neutronics design and certification analysis

Storage and cooling of used fuel are essential components back-end management of nuclear fuel cycle. After a cooling period in a used fuel pool of up to several years to allow for radioactive decay to sufficiently lessen the heat load, the fuel can be recycled or disposed. In some countries, the fuel is transferred to dry cask storage, though pool storage is the most common management policy worldwide. Consequently, used fuel volume in the pools is continually accumulating, and considerations of an intermediate or additional storage strategy warrant study.Within this context, this paper presents an intermediate stage used fuel cooling cask design, motivated to alleviate used fuel accumulation in the storage pools. While used fuel can be reracked, there is still a firm criticality design constraint. The cask will be fabricated with a borated aluminum alloy. This paper will present potential designs based on neutronics modeling for occupational safety. Additionally, analysis is provided as to obtaining a United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Certificate of Compliance. This research will lead to prototype development, performance testing, and eventual commercialization.

The Study of Fire Safety for Multi-Storey Container Hotel: A Case Study in Muar PPT Hotel

Recent trends show diversified usage of container that usually intended as mobile transportation case for trading industry and now applied as building materials especially for commercial building such as hotel. However, as new material, it should comply with basic fire safety requirement which spelled out in the Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL) 1984. In the construction laws of a building in Malaysia, the characteristics of building must comply with the requirement and regulations before it is being approved in the Certificate of Completion and Compliance (CCC). Thus, this study is focusing on the container materials and its compliance of fire safety requirements and strategies for multi-storey container hotel building. Literature review and case study are used in order to get the information and to compare the ability of the materials and construction to comply with UBBL 1984 in terms of passive design. The results of the evaluation show the possibilities of Multi-Storey Container Hotel to be built and used complied with passive fire safety requirement.

Implementation of Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit-sharing in Peru: Implications for researchers

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe Peruvian Amazon holds more than 1000 plant species with commercial potential and the national sales of natural products derived from medicinal and aromatic plants have exceeded $ 400 million per year. Research and development activities carried out on the genetic and biochemical composition of Peruvian flora have to abide by national and international regulations, such as the Nagoya Protocol (NP). Aim of the studyThe aim of this paper is to describe the implications of the current implementation of the NP in Peru for performing research on national genetic resources. Materials and methodsA review of the current legal framework and status of the NP in Peru was performed accompanied by first-hand experience undertaken by submitting a request for access to genetic resources related to wild continental species. ResultsSo far, Peru has issued 16 Internationally Recognized Certificates of Compliance (IRCCs) through 2 of the identified National Authorities. Some of the difficulties and challenges observed have to do with the degree of effective implementation of the Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) system, the fact that the application process is not sufficiently clear, and the wide gap between this formal system and what occurs informally outside of it. In response to this, training and implementation projects have been launched and a new law on the access to genetic resources has been proposed. ConclusionsThe difficulties observed still represent an obstacle to scientific research and the development of new commercial products based on Peruvian traditional knowledge and genetic resources. Although improvements have been made to the ABS framework, there remain major challenges to encouraging and ascertaining the equitable and sustainable use of Peru's biodiversity.

The Price of Biodiesel RINs and Economic Fundamentals

The D4 RIN is the tradable compliance certificate for the biomass‐based diesel (BBD) mandate in the renewable fuel standard (RFS). Understanding the price dynamics of the D4 RIN is important for understanding the RFS because its price sets a ceiling on the ethanol RIN (D6) and because some observers have suggested that RIN price fluctuations are too large to be explained by economic theory. We use option pricing theory to develop a model of the D4 RIN in terms of its economic fundamentals: the spread between the price of biodiesel and petroleum diesel and the status of the biodiesel blenders’ tax credit. The resulting D4 fundamental price closely tracks actual D4 prices. We conclude that RIN price volatility arises because of the design of the RFS and intrinsic features of the U.S. fuel supply system.

Blockchain-Based Traceability and Management for Additive Manufacturing

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a major advancement in the digitization of manufacturing and production operations. Additive manufacturing uses three dimensional digital design, software and hardware equipment to precisely deposit layered materials for on-demand product manufacturing. The distinct advantages in enabling additive manufacturing includes cost efficiency, reduced time-to-market, flexibility and precise customization. However, several challenges such as trusted traceability, certification for quality compliance, and protecting intellectual property need to be addressed. Blockchain-based distributed ledgers provide tremendous advantages for product traceability and ensure trust among participating stakeholders. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based solution for product traceability produced using additive manufacturing, guaranteeing secure and trusted traceability, accessibility, and immutability of transactions, and data provenance among supply chain stakeholders. Our proposed solution utilizes Ethereum smart contracts to govern and trace transactions initiated by participants involved in the manufacturing process. Decentralized storage of Inter-Planetary File Systems is used to store and share design files, IoT device records, and additional product specifications. We provide the system architecture, implementation, and detailed algorithms that demonstrate the working principles of our proposed solution for secure AM. Furthermore, we present detailed security and cost analysis of the solution highlighting its efficiency with respect to key security and performance requirements.

The operationalisation of sustainability: Sustainable aquaculture production as defined by certification schemes

Sustainability certification has become an increasingly important feature in aquaculture production, leading to a multitude of schemes with various criteria. However, the large number of schemes and the complexity of the standards creates confusion with respect to which sustainability objectives are targeted. As a result, what is meant by ‘sustainability’ is unclear. In this paper, we examine the operationalisation of the concept from the vantage point of the certifying authorities, who devise standards and grant or withhold certification of compliance. We map the criteria of eight widely-used certification schemes using the four domains of the Wheel of Sustainability, a reference model designed to encompass a comprehensive understanding of sustainability. We show that, overall, the sustainability certifications have an overwhelming focus on environmental and governance indicators, and only display scattered attempts at addressing cultural and economic issues. The strong focus on governance indicators is, to a large degree, due to their role in implementing and legitimising the environmental indicators. The strong bias implies that these certification schemes predominantly focus on the environmental domain and do not address sustainability as a whole, nor do they complement each other. Sustainability is by definition and by necessity a comprehensive concept, but if the cultural and economic issues are to be addressed in aquaculture, the scope of certification schemes must be expanded. The Wheel of Sustainability can serve as a valid lexicon and asset to guide such efforts.

Market Access for Radio Equipment in Europe Enabled by the Radio Equipment Directive: Status, Next Steps and Implications

In Europe, market access for radio equipment is governed through the Radio Equipment Directive (RED), which replaced the Radio Equipment and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (R&TTE) Directive in 2016. The essential requirements were introduced by RED and subsequently processed by European standards organizations: the European Telecommunications Standards Institute, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, and the European Committee for Standardization, in order to develop harmonised standards (HSs). These HSs may be used by manufacturers in order to achieve self-declaration of conformity of radio equipment. Compared to the previously applicable R&TTE Directive, RED contains a set of new Articles, including RED Articles 3(3)(a) to 3(3)(i) and Article 4, which were not enacted when RED was originally published. This article discusses the process for activating the corresponding articles, and provides commentary on related ongoing activities in European Commission Expert Groups and detailed implications on radio equipment design. Indeed, new requirements need to be met in order to achieve market access, such as reconfigurability, privacy, and security features. Finally, implications such as time to market and RED compliance certification cost are assessed, and a comparison to other regulation regimes is given, including those in the United States, Korea, and Russia.

Seamless connectivity architecture and methods for IoT and wearable devices

Wearable and Internet of Things (IoT) devices have the potential to improve lifestyle, personalize receiving treatments or introduce assisted living for elderly people. However, service delivery depends on maintaining and troubleshooting device connectivity to smartphones, where user engagement and technology proficiency represent a possible barrier that prevents a wider adoption, especially in the elderly and disabled population. Low-cost and low-power wearable and IoT devices face challenges when operating out of range of known home networks or pared devices. We propose an architecture and methods to provide seamless connectivity (Se-Co) between devices and wireless networks while maintaining low-power, low-cost and standards compatibility. Through Se-Co, the devices connect without user interaction both in home and in unknown roaming networks while maintaining anonymity, privacy and security. Roaming networks approve data limited connectivity to unknown devices that are able to provide a valid anonymized certificate of compliance and no harm through a home provider. Se-Co enables shifting data processing, such as pattern processing using artificial intelligence, from a wearable device or smartphone towards the cloud. The proposed Se-Co architecture could provide solutions to increase usability of wearable devices and improve their wider adoption, while keeping low the costs of devices, development and services.

Factors That Explain the Utilization of the Nagoya Protocol Framework for Access and Benefit Sharing

One of the primary concerns of countries with high levels of biodiversity is the conservation of species and natural environments. This prioritization is based in part on a recognition of the importance of ecosystem services, understood as the various benefits that humans derive from ecosystems, which may be developed into goods and services that are transacted in markets. The Nagoya Protocol is an international agreement whose purpose is to provide a framework under which countries can support biodiversity conservation by regulating access to native genetic materials. Such materials may be of interest to companies, organizations, and institutions for commercial, non-commercial, or both purposes. Furthermore, genetic resources constitute important inputs in numerous industries, including those in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, botany and horticultural, agricultural, personal hygiene and cosmetics, and food and beverage sectors. The present study explores whether there is a relationship between biodiversity, the implementation of systems to protect natural areas and the quality of institutions, and the utilization of the Nagoya Protocol framework in individual countries. A Probit model was estimated to test these relationships, and a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was conducted to identify whether the aforementioned factors explain the execution of access and benefit sharing (ABS) agreements, as measured through the lodging of Internationally Recognized Certificates of Compliance (IRCC) in the Access and Benefit-Sharing Clearing-House (ABSCH) of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The findings indicated that biodiversity conservation policies, specifically the designation of protected natural areas, are important factors that might motivate actors in Nagoya Protocol member countries to utilize the protocol system. The CCA also revealed that the quality of institution factors such as the protection of property rights, the efficiency of legal frameworks for dispute resolution, investor protection, and a low government regulation burden. also help to explain the utilization of ABS agreements.

Application of semiotics for health and safety signs comprehension on construction sites in Yola metropolis, Nigeria

This study investigates how semiotics can be applied to enhance construction operatives’ health and safety (H&S) signs comprehension in Yola metropolis, Nigeria, with a view to improving on H&S management that will curtail the occurrence of accidents. Adopted ISO (9186-1) questionnaire for testing H&S signs comprehension were administered to 60 construction professionals and operatives that are executing 5 government building projects. Responses were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics respectively. Findings revealed that 11 of the 15 H&S signs studied ranked highly relevant for curbing accidents on construction sites while the remaining ranked relevant. For factors influencing H&S signs; training ranked highly influential, experience ranked influential, education ranked moderately influential. While culture, age and gender were ranked least influential respectively. The study recommends: contractors H&S safety compliance records be considered as one of the bases for contract award, safety consciousness be integrated in the overall procurement process, H&S requirements compliance certificate should be introduced and issue to compliant contracting firms, erring contractors on non-adherence to H&S provisions on construction sites be sanction, and construction operatives should be continuously train on H&S signs comprehension.