Certain Field Of Knowledge Research Articles

Необходим ли системный подход для социогуманитарных исследований?

There are two points of view on the systemic approach and its use: according to the first, this approach is conceived as universal, suitable for any disciplines and practices, according to the second, it includes a specific objectivity, should grasp the features of a certain field of knowledge. In order to choose one of them, the author analyzes on the basis of two cases (“The Critique of Pure Reason” by I. Kant and the works of G.P. Shchedrovitsky) the formation and features of the systemic approach, showing that it is the design of an object of study in a special epistemic situation. Its feature is, on the one hand, the presence of several objects that describe the proposed object, on the other hand, the belief in the existence of an ontology and laws in accordance with which this object can be designed. The systemic approach in this version (as the configuration of various objects and the design of an object based on this process) is compared with humanitarian and socio-humanitarian research and development (A.S. Pushkin’s personality research and the successful Donor project), which make it possible to do without systemic ideas and thinking. They are replaced by methodology and research in the subject. The author draws attention to the fact that the ideas of identifying and searching for the integrity, nature and boundaries of the phenomenon under consideration, taking into account connections and influences, the correlation of synthesis and analysis, and a number of others that are today referred to as a systemic approach, were developed meaningfully (in other non-systemic concepts and languages) throughout the entire history of the development of philosophy, methodology and science. As a result, it turns out that it is necessary to distinguish between the methodology of a systemic approach and other methodologies that allow systemic problems and tasks to be solved, so to speak, non-systemically.

ОЦЕНКА И МЕТОДЫ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ВОЕННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА: ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОСНОВА СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ВОЕННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ

The article analyzes the assessment and optimization methods of military-economic analysis of its theoretical and methodological basis of modern military-economic science and its approaches in a certain field of knowledge or research.

ВПЛИВ ФУНКЦІЙ МЕТОДИКИ НА ЯКІСТЬ ВИРІШЕННЯ ЕКСПЕРТНОГО ЗАВДАННЯ

The publication considers forensic expertise as an integrated system with interconnected elements, one of which is methodological support. The interrelation of the main structural elements in organizing expert research is provided. The impact of methodological functions on the quality resolution of expert tasks through the application of methodology in the process of expert cognition is substantiated. It is suggested that when developing an expert methodology, an additional consideration should be given to the optimization function of the expert's conclusion, which implies the ability to concisely describe the methodology in the research part of the expert's conclusion for a full understanding by investigators, prosecutors, judges, and other participants in the judicial process of the specificity of research in a certain field of knowledge and to evaluate the expert's conclusion in terms of reliability. The development of society constantly increases the requirements for the quality and speed of conducting forensic examinations and research. This requires regular updating of methodologies. Especially, this concerns specialized methodologies for conducting examinations of intellectual property objects, which are unique and multifaceted. The role and significance of a specific methodology in the process of expert cognition can be determined through an analysis of its functions, the main ones being: decisive (or guiding), systematizing, prognostic, pragmatic, managerial, evaluative, substantiating, and cognitive. It is noted that expert research as a cognitive process has two levels of cognition: the first level is empirical; the second level is theoretical. The result of expert cognition should be the solution of an expert task – establishing facts with evidentiary value. General expert knowledge is decisive in conducting qualitative forensic expertise – a dynamic category that is constantly improving through transformation and growth, integrated into the process of expert cognition through the competence of the forensic expert. It is proposed that in organizing the work of a forensic expert to optimize time and labor costs in conducting expert research, the simplex method be used as an algorithm for solving optimization problems. This method involves making directed movements along reference plans to find the optimal solution. The idea of applying the method for expert research lies in finding an expert's action plan according to a certain rule, which is checked against the optimality criterion – time and quality. If the optimality criterion is met, the task is considered solved. In case of non-compliance, a new iteration takes place, using the minimally calculated step, which needs to be recorded in the form of tables.

Interdisciplinary Knowledge in Library and Bibliographic Classification and Universal Decimal Classification

Library classification was originally created for the purpose of thematic arrangement of books on the shelves in libraries on the basis of classification systems. The creation of the latter, in turn, is closely related to the classification of sciences, as works devoted to certain fields of knowledge or spheres of human activity are classified.Throughout their history, classification schemes have been transformed and structurally changed, based on the basic principles and levels of scientific knowledge. Originating in the ancient period, science has been developing for centuries according to the disciplinary principle. However, in the process of evolution of scientific knowledge there is interdisciplinary integration, which involves both natural, technical and social sciences. Complex fields of study are formed as a result of interscientific interaction, when the most distant sciences can discover a direct connection. This is a joint cognitive activity of specialists from different scientific disciplines, involving not only research, but also other types of activity (organizational, communicative, journalistic, etc.). Thus, the sphere of interdisciplinarity is formed.The article considers the representation of the problems of interdisciplinary research in the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) and in the Library and Bibliographic Classification (LBC), recognized as the national classification system of Russia.

STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES ORGANIZATION IN DESIGN AND PLANNING

In our research, the main attention is paid to the peculiarities of scientific research activities organization of students of various creative specialties, both standardized by curricula and educational programs of future specialist professional training, and voluntary during extracurricular time. The characteristic features of students’ mandatory (standardized) scientific research activity, which is related to the performance of coursework and qualification diploma theses, have been determined. We have also revealed a number of methods and means of voluntary, but motivated or interested involvement of student youth in scientific research activities through the performance of scientific, technical and project tasks by students during the period of industrial practices, participation in the work of educational and scientific laboratories, student design bureaus, design workshops associations and creative unions, fulfillment of production orders.
 Carrying out research projects encourages students to study and use innovative solutions, technologies, equipment, etc. In this way, the relationship between students’ scientific research and innovative activity in the process of professional training of future specialists in creative specialties is proven; in particular, examples of future engineers’ experimental scientific research activity and future designers’ project-technological artistic and creative scientific work are given.
 In the process of scientific research, the essence and significance of research and innovation activities of students of creative specialties have been determined for future specialists’ professional self-development and the formation of personal qualities, competencies, knowledge, abilities and skills in certain fields of knowledge.
 Forms of pedagogical guidance of students’ scientific research and innovative activities, methods and means of involving students to participate in scientific and practical conferences, round tables, exhibitions, professional competitions, as well as publication of the results of scientific research work in collections of student scientific works and catalogs of creative works are outlined.

Tools for statistical analysis of sociological data

The emergence and development of information technology has affected all spheres of human activity, introducing innovations that allow a different look at the usual problems and their solutions. Sociology is no exception. At the moment, there are many novel tools that open up new opportunities for sociologists to collect, structure, and process data. Their appearance has a positive effect on the speed and quality of research, achieving the greatest results thanks to innovative statistical methods, new computer science, and original theories from certain fields of knowledge.

ЭКЛЕКТИЗМ КАК НАУКА ПОЗНАНИЯ: МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД, ПОНИМАНИЕ И ОБЪЯСНЕНИЕ ИССЛЕДУЕМОГО ЯВЛЕНИЯ В ВОЕННОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ

The article analyzes eclecticism as a science of knowledge: methodological approaches, understanding and explanation of the phenomenon under study in military economics are determined when using and combining various theories, schools and approaches in a certain field of knowledge or research. Eclecticism involves selecting the best elements from different sources and combining them to create a more complete and comprehensive understanding of the subject of study.

PECULIARITIES OF SWEDEN’S TEACHER TRAINING SYSTEM IN THE XXI CENTURY

The article highlights the features of the system of teacher training in Sweden in the XXI century in relation to European integration processes. The legislative and regulatory framework has been analysed. It has been established that the degree of Bachelor/Master of Education should be replaced by four professional degrees: a degree in pre-school education, a degree in primary school education, a degree in subject education and a degree in vocational education. It has been determined that all teacher training programs consist of three education areas: general education, study of disciplines of a certain field of knowledge, specialisation subjects. It has been revealed that special attention is paid to practical training. It is emphasized that the system of modern pedagogical education in Sweden is generally harmonized in accordance with European standards, flexible enough for professional and individual development of the individual throughout life.

Aspects of Intercultural Recruitment and Selection of Highly Skilled International Female Staff in Slovenia

Abstract The research analyses drivers of and barriers to highly skilled female applicants going through the recruitment process in Slovenia as highly skilled self-initiated international expatriates (SIEs). The qualitative research methodology was designed with six in-depth interviews with female respondents from Russia, Belarus, Latvia and Sweden. Theoretical frameworks of G. Hofstede, E.T. Hall, F. Trompenaars and C. Hampden-Turner and cultural intelligence competence models were applied to define HRM processes within the analysis. The findings demonstrate that the future female employees ought to consider not only general working aspects but also cultural differences and similarities, which affect the international HR selection and recruitment process and appear to be drivers of and barriers to SIEs. Necessary intercultural competences (cultural awareness, proactivity, sensitivity, flexibility, reflexivity, open mindset, readiness to challenges) and certain fields of knowledge (procedural, culture-specific, legal knowledge) for the entry level of the recruitment process in Slovenia are identified. The main contribution of this research is estimated within the IHRM perspective as the representation of the highly skilled female employees’ side within the recruitment process in the international arena. Moreover, it may improve intercultural cooperation within the female expatriates’ recruitment and selection process and enrich personal intercultural competences concerning the employment culture in Slovenia and the European Union.

PROFESSIONAL AND DOMESTIC: COGNITIVE INFLUENCE IN PICTURES AND ECHO PICTURES OF THE WORLD

The purpose of this research is to identify the ways and mechanisms of the influence of professional discourse on the formation and development of professional language pictures of the world, as well as the formation of echo-pictures of the world of people close to these specialists based on their language picture of the world. The object of the study is the speech of the tailor Emmanuel Solovey and his wife Rosa – the main characters of Vera Inber’s story “Solovey and Rosa”; Olga Plemyannikova and men close to her of various professions – characters in Anton Chekhov’s story “Sweetheart”; a young novice doctor from Mikhail Bulgakov’s autobiographical story “Towel with a rooster”. The result of our observations allows us to draw a number of conclusions. Professional pictures of the world develop with the improvement of the skills of their carriers and have a direct influence on the formation of language pictures of the world of specialists in a certain field of knowledge or craft, and indirect influence through professional echo pictures of the world and language pictures of the world of people who surround these specialists: family members, friends. These influences are reflected in the speech of specialists and family members, other people close to them in various language means. Most often, such influences are evidenced by group or individual comparative turns, idioms, metaphors, metonymies, synonyms, antonyms, personifications that reflect the professional knowledge and skills of the speaker, as well as his family members and close friends.

Библиометрический анализ ситуации в российской науке

The article analyzes of the publication activity of Russian scientific research as well as the degree of their financial support. The analysis covers a 27-year period (1993–2019) and is carried out in comparison with world trends. The paper analyzes tendencies of publication activity of Russian scientists both in certain fields of knowledge and their sections, and in Russian science as a whole. The sources of initial information are data of the international information system Web of Science, as well as documents of state bodies of Russia, UNESCO, and a number of other interstate and international organizations and companies. There is a decrease in the share of Russia in world investments in R&D. In the period of 1993–2012 there was a sharp drop in the share of Russian publications in the global flow of scientific papers. Since 2013, this trend has been reversed. Nevertheless, this indicator even in 2018 does not reach the values of 1993.

Electronic Guides on Websites of Russian Libraries: Types, Topics, Structure

The problem of a user orientation in modern information resources is raised. The role of electronic guides as a means of multidimensional information search is noted. The authors of the article translate the previously proposed definition of the concept of “electronic bibliographic guide” and reveal its significant features as a polystructural phenomenon. The authors analyze electronic bibliographic guides presented on the websites of federal and central libraries of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Their multidimensional classification is proposed. It takes into account 19 division bases. The results of the proposed study of these resources are presented. The characteristics of electronic guides on the following features are given: the method of access to reflected objects; access mode; language; the breadth of thematic coverage; belonging to a certain field of knowledge; a storage medium; the presence of a printed analogue. The three-part structure of electronic guides is considered, including an introductory article, the main part and auxiliary pointers and/or a search bar. The results and key findings can be used to improve the creation of electronic guides and improve the quality of electronic information resources created in libraries.

Conceptual Approaches of Prospective Pedagogy

The theoretical and methodological foundation of Prospective Pedagogy has become one of the key issues of contemporary pedagogy, when exploring various aspects of the science of education related to personality formation, to deal requiments for present and future. The analysis perspectives of the prospective education presented the degree of complexity in terms of the characteristics that were inserted in the research, as conditions of its conceptualization. Studies of general epistemology state four main conditions that a certain field of knowledge must meet in order to acquire the status of science: to have its own research object, to develop a conceptual and explanatory system; to have its own methods and techniques; investigation of the object of study reunited in a scientific methodology; and, to have a praxiology of the field, in the sense of influencing, directing, and controlling the phenomena it studies. Thus, it confirms the theoretical conceptualization of the paradigm of prospective education, as science of education.

Folk Terminology of Mythologized Characters of the Group “Masters-professionals” in the Kipchak Languages of the Ural-Volga Region (based on the material of the Bashkir language)

The article describes the terms of the mythologized characters of the group “masters-professionals” in the Kipchak languages of the Ural-Volga region (based on the material of the Bashkir language). Based on dictionaries, folklore and artistic works, the main, widespread and local terms are established. In the folk culture of the Turkic peoples, a group of “knowledgeable people” is recorded, which represents specialists in a certain field of knowledge. Such specialistscraftsmen Bashkirs call “оҫта”, “оҫталар” – craftsman, craftsmen, masters’; “khonarse”, “khonarselar”, “khonarman”, “khonarmendar” – ‘specialist, specialists, artisan, artisans, master, masters’; “kasepse”, “kasepselar” – ‘a person engaged in some kind of craft, business, people engaged in some kind of craft, craft’. Of the listed terms with a broader meaning that characterizes any master, specialist, is the word oтаta, which can be used not only as a term, but also as a definition of other names. Cf.: “oтаta” – ‘master, craftsman’, “oтаta honarse” – ‘master craftsman’, “oтаta kasepse” – ‘skilled craftsman, craftsman, specialist engaged in some kind of craft’. The article deals with the folk terminology of the mythological characters of the group “masters-professionals” in the Ural-Volga Kipchak language based on the material of the Bashkir language. In the process of considering the terminology associated with mythological characters, a conclusion is made. It is concluded that these words and their origin are registered in most modern Turkic languages, and that this term is valid in Turkic, including Bashkir.

Notion-Concept-Term. Interpretations

There are various interpretations of the fundamental notions used in the study of terminology. This article is a comparative study of their definitions, conducted in the process of establishing benchmarks in the study of editorial-printing terminology. It presents a research of the theoretical foundations of terminology, a study of various interpretations of linguistic meanings of key notions of terminology: „notion”, „concept” and „term”. One of the fundamental units of terminology is the „notion”, which is characterized as an abstract object of knowledge. Another fundamental unit, the „concept”, represents classes of objects of knowledge, of perceptible phenomena. Concepts are called abstractions, mental constructions or units of thought that ensure the connection between objects and their definitions. They have an essential role in human knowledge, communication not being possible if we do not have a codification of concepts in linguistic signs (terms). The concepts ensure the connection between the objects and the designations that correspond to them. And the „term” is the material form, expressed through linguistic means, of a notion specialized in a certain field of knowledge.

Competition of higher education institutions in regional markets of educational services in Ukraine

Introduction. The system of higher education in Ukraine is an integral part of the international educational space. In terms of the number of universities (total and per capita), Ukraine is among the top 25 countries with the largest number of higher education institutions. Although Ukraine has a fairly wide network of higher education institutions, this does not mean that there is only pure competition in the regional markets of educational services. The purpose of the paper is to study the competition of higher education institutions in the regional markets of educational services in Ukraine. Results. In the article the authors study the competition of higher education institutions in the regional markets of educational services in Ukraine. Maps of competition of higher education institutions in 29 fields of knowledge in Ukraine have been constructed. For each field of knowledge, the types of competition of higher education institutions in the regional markets of educational services in Ukraine have been identified, including such as “monopoly”, “oligopoly” and “pure competition”. If there are no higher education institutions in the region that train specialists in a certain field of knowledge, then such a region was referred to as a “free niche”. Conclusion. Exceptionally pure competition of higher education institutions in the regional markets of educational services in Ukraine takes place only in the fields of knowledge 05 “Social and Behavioral Sciences” and 07 “Management and Administration”. In other fields of knowledge to some extent there are signs of oligopoly and/or monopoly of higher education institutions in the regional markets of educational services in Ukraine. There is no pure competition of higher education institutions in the regional markets of educational services in Ukraine in such fields of knowledge as 04 “Theology” and 21 “Veterinary Medicine”.

Optimization of subjects of proof in the civil procedure of Ukraine in the context of the legal status of a specialist in a certain field of knowledge

The article is devoted to a specialist in a certain branch of knowledge as a subject of proof in the context of reform of the civil procedural legislation of Ukraine. Separate provisions of the civil procedural legislation that regulate the possibility of a specialist's participation in a certain branch of knowledge when providing certain conclusions to the court, at the stage of research and evaluation of evidence, are analyzed. The legal nature of the concepts "special knowledge" and "special knowledge" is disclosed. The approaches for determining the legal status of persons with special knowledge are indicated. The regulatory and procedural obstacles and prerequisites for the participation of a specialist in a certain branch of knowledge as a subject of proof in the civil process are revealed. The article analyzes judicial practice in civil cases on the chosen problems of the study. Ways and suggestions are proposed to improve the CCP of Ukraine in the context of reform of civil procedural legislation.

BAHASA PENGHELA ILMU PENGETAHUAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS TEKS: RANCANG BANGUN MATERI PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK TERPADU

Based on the result of the researches on text book materials under 2013 curriculum published by the government, for elementary school level, it is found that the materials from one competence to another on those books are not well-integrated, even the competences are elaborated in single theme or subtheme. Though those text books are entitled “Integrated Thematic Book of Curriculum 2013”, they still do not show the integration they should give. It is assumed that the disordered materials are caused by the absence of a certain field of knowledge that should be used as a binder and medium of transmitting and integrating the whole competences in case the material changes. Regarding the problem, this article delivers a brief description on how Indonesian language is used to bind and become a medium of transmission of the whole nonintegrated field of competences from any different materials. In other word, this article presents a conceptual model of designing integrated thematic learning on the basis of the language as a medium of transferring knowledge

Paradigms in construction terminology

The article is devoted to the consideration of the admissibility of lexical and semantic relations in terminology, about the phenomena of synonymy, polysemy and homonymy in the term system of construction, which is one of the controversial in modern terminology and has repeatedly become the subject of research by Russian linguists. The authors focus on the concept of the term as a system. It is noted that the consistency of terminology is an organic synthesis of extralinguistic and actually linguistic factors that the term is systematic, since it is included in the system of concepts of a certain field of knowledge and it is in the system that displays all the properties of the term. The main attention is paid to the consideration of the processes of paradigmatic system taking place in the modern terminological system of the construction industry, and it is proved that the terms (as well as commonly used units of the language) are subject to various lexical and semantic processes. The most active type of paradigmatic relationship is synonymy. In the studied terminology there is also a terminological ambiguity, the basic mechanisms of development of which are isomorphic.

Соціологічний термін як одиниця галузевої терміносистеми

The article attempts to analyze the sociological term as a unit of the branch terminology. Emphasizing the basic classification features of the sociological term unit, establishing hierarchical relations between terms and multi-compound terms, defining the structural and semantic specifics of the Ukrainian sociological terminology system, the authors come to the conclusion about the important role of the studied terminology in the formation and functioning of the Ukrainian literary language. According to our research, extralinguistic factors play an important role in the formation of the Ukrainian sociological terminology and the ordering of the terminology units: the emergence of a certain field of knowledge, the time of its appearance, which actualizes the need to determine the source of the basic terminological vocabulary, the basic models of the creation of terms, and others. Getting used to the designation of the corresponding scientific concept, the sociological term is characterized by a number of differential features, among which the main ones are: nominacy, definition, the designation of systemic relations and relationships within the sociological terminology system, adjacent branch terminology systems and commonly used vocabulary, the motivation that is realized in three types that correspond to the three main methods of terminological word-formation (morphological, syntactic, and semantic), and others.