<h2>Summary</h2> This report describes the treatmentof twenty-six infants and children suffering from tuberculous meningitis, and of fifteen additional patients having miliary tuberculosis alone. Arrest of tuberculous meningitis was achieved in seven patients, although but two of these are mentally normal. Miliary tuberculosis was arrested in fourteen of fifteen patients, and seven of these are currently in good health. All patients were treated with streptomycin, and most were given additional tuberculostatic drugs. The therapeutic value of promizole, paraaminosalicylic acid and tibione as auxiliary agents to streptomycin in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis was not clarified. Neomycin appeared to have no beneficial therapeutic effect, and showed marked nephrotoxicity. Promizole administration failed to prevent recurrences in patients whose original meningitis had been arrested. In this small series the intrathecal use of streptomycin did not appear to improve therapeutic results. The emergence of streptomycin-resistanttubercle bacilli was not an important factor in the low recovery rate from tuberculous meningitis in this series. Cerebral tuberculomas, and especially the development of communicating hydrocephalus, played a major part in treatment failures. Air studies on surviving patients demonstrated, however, that even in the presence of marked hydrocephalus, considerable recovery of mental function may occur. Possible explanations are suggestedfor the marked discrepancy between survival rates for tuberculous meningitis in various medical centers. It seems clear that pending the discovery of an antituberculous agent more effective than streptomycin, more attention must be devoted to modifications of therapy designed to prevent the loss of brain substance which occurs so regularly during the course of tuberculous meningitis.