Ceratophyllum Demersum Research Articles

Configuration of Submerged Plants for Plain River Networks Based on Transparency Improvement

The configuration of submerged plants plays an important role in the restoration of river networks. In this study, the Sudong River, a typical plain river network in southern China, was selected for submerged plant configuration research to improve water transparency. Analysis of historical and field research data of Sudong River showed that most of the water was in a state of eutrophication. The main factors affecting transparency were water temperature, ammonia nitrogen, chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, and permanganate index, which were identified through correlation analysis using SPSS. Submerged plants are important for water ecological restoration, and a plant selection evaluation system was constructed to screen six suitable local submerged plants in Suzhou for ecological restoration based on secondary indicators divided into five segments. Each plant was evaluated and scored. Finally, a combination of three submerged plants, Ceratophyllum demersum, Watermifoil, and Foxtail algae, was selected based on their scores. This combination effectively improved the eutrophication status of water and increased water transparency while adhering to the laws of submerged plant succession and facilitating the construction of a stable aquatic ecosystem.

Biomonitoring of Heavy Metals Pollution in Lakes of Kyiv (Ukraine) Using Submerged Macrophytes and Assessment of Their Phytoremediative Potential

The possibility to use the submerged aquatic plants (macrophytes) <i>Cera-tophyllum demersum</i> L., <i>Myriophyllum spicatum</i> L. and <i>Potamogeton perfoliatus </i>L. for biomonitoring of heavy metal pollution of the water bodies in urbanized areas was considered. The degree of the metals' (Mn, Pb, Ni, Cd) accumulation by the considered plants was determined and correlation with their concentration in water of the lakes of Kyiv (Ukraine) was established. The coefficients of the metals' biological accumulation by the submerged macrophytes were calculated. It was established that maximal amount of heavy metals was accumulated by the aquatic macrophytes in the lakes Minske, Luhove, Bohatyrske, Kyrylivske and Yordanske (Opechen lake system). The minimal content of heavy metals was in the aquatic macrophytes in the lakes Redchyne, Verbne, Synie, Tyagle and Telbin. The use of <i>C. demersum, M. spicatum</i> and <i>P. perfoliatus</i> for phytoremediation and restoration of ecological state of the water bodies contaminated by heavy metals is recommended.

Content of Phenol Carboxylic Acids in the Water among Higher Aquatic Plants of Various Ecological Groups

The composition and content of phenol carboxylic acids was studied in water bodies among higher aquatic plants of various ecological groups: emergent (<i>Typha angustifolia</i> L., <i>Scirpus lacustris</i> L., and <i>Phragmites australis</i> (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.), submerged (<i>Ceratophyllum demersum</i> L. and <i>Myriophyllum spicatum</i> L.), and with floating leaves (<i>Trapa natans</i> L. and <i>Nuphar lutea</i> L.). The following acids were found in the water among higher aquatic plants: benzoic, lilac, vanillic, gallic, <i>n</i>-oxybenzoic, protocatechuic, α-resorcylic, β-resorcylic, salicylic, ferulic, caffeic, cinnamic, coumaric, and sinapic. Their total concentration in the water among the specimens of <i>T. angustifolia</i> accounted for 114.7 μg/L, <i>Sc. lacustris</i> - 24.71 μg/L, <i>T. natans</i> - 56.14 μg/L, <i>N. lutea</i> -19.3 μg/L, <i>C. demersum</i> -25.42-38.66 μg/L, and <i>M. spicatum</i> - 1.42-2.83 μg/L. The analysis of the content of phenol carboxylic acids in the water among the specimens of <i>Ph. australis</i> during the spring-autumn period revealed significant differences both in the ratio of individual acids and in their distribution by groups. The maximal concentration of benzoic and salicylic acids in the water was registered at the beginning of <i>Ph. australis</i> development, whereas the maximal content of vanillic and gallic acids - during plant active vegetation. The lowest content of cinnamic and ferulic acids was recorded at the beginning of vegetation season. Cluster analysis of the content of phenol carboxylic acids in the water among the specimens of <i>C. demersum</i> and <i>M. spicatum</i> at two sampling stations (Sobache Gyrlo Bay and Verblyud Bay in the Kaniv Reservoir) made it possible to reveal two groups of the studied substances. The first group included benzoic and gallic acids and the second group - other acids. The use of the principal component analysis (PCA) made it possible to establish a significant correlation between the composition and content of phenol carboxylic acids in the water among higher aquatic plants and dominant plant species. This fact is indicative of the leading role of higher aquatic plants in the formation of the pool of these substances in the water.

Impact of submerged macrophytes on growth and 2-MIB release risk of Pseudanabaena sp.: From field monitoringa to cultural experiments.

The off-flavor compound 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is generally associated with the proliferation and metabolism of filamentous cyanobacteria in shallow freshwater ecosystems. Here field monitoring in East Taihu Lake from July to October 2021, along with cultural experiments, was conducted to determine the impact of submerged macrophytes on the growth and 2-MIB production of filamentous cyanobacteria. Pseudanabaena sp. was identified as the 2-MIB producer with the highest detection rate (100%) and correlation coefficient (R=0.68, p<0.001). The 2-MIB concentration and algal growth in the macrophyte-dominated zones were markedly decreased compared with those in the phytoplankton-dominated zone. Five submerged macrophytes classified into flat-leaf type (Vallisneria natans and Potamogeton crispus) and thin-leaf type (Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Myriophyllum spicatum) exhibited strong inhibition effects against Pseudanabaena sp.: Overall inhibition efficiencies (IEs) of 92.7%±6.8% and 92.7%±8.4% for cell growth and 2-MIB production were achieved, respectively. Moreover, the thin-leaf macrophytes exhibited significant higher IEs for cell growth (94.0% vs. 84.7%) and 2-MIB production (99.4% vs. 82.6%) than the flat-leaf macrophytes and can be selected as pioneer species in controlling odor problems. Nutrient uptake, increasing water clarity, shading effects, and allelopathic effects of the submerged macrophytes were found to be the dominant inhibition mechanisms.

Species composition of summer diatoms complex of Ceratophyllum demersum L. epiphyton in the Pripyat river (The national park «Pripyatsky»)

The diatom complex of the Ceratophyllum demersum L. epiphyton collected in July 2010 from Pripyat river includes 58 species. They belong to 3 classes, 9 orders, 13 families, 23 genera. The dominants (of the number of valves in the preparation) were Cocconeis lineata Ehrenberg (34,8%), Cyclostephanos dubius (Fricke) Round (11,3%), subdominants – Сocconeis euglipta Ehrenberg (8,8%), Aulacoseira ambigua (Grunow) Simonsen (5,9%) and Gyrosigma spencerii (Bailey ex Quekett) Griffith et Henfrey (5,6%).

Peculiarities of the Influence of Oil Products on the Content and Ratio of Photosynthetic Pigments of Ceratophyllum demersum L.

As a result of the performed investigations, it has been found that at the concentration of oil products, including petrol and diesel fuel, of 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt; and carotenoids), and also (chlorophyll &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;/chlorophyll &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;) and (chlorophyll &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt; &amp;#43; chlorophyll &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;)/carotenoids ratios significantly decreased, which is indicative of inhibiting the vital activity of macrophytes. It has been shown that the pigment system of &lt;i&gt;C. demersum &lt;/i&gt;proved to be rather resistant to the influence of the concentrations of petrol and diesel fuel of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L. This fact suggests that this species of higher aquatic plants can be used for phytoremediation of the aquatic environment moderately contaminated by oil products.

Radon Assessment in Ceratophyllum demersum Plant Samples

The amount of radioactive isotopes in submerged Ceratophyllum demersum plants samples were estimated using passive track detector CR-39. The samples were collected from four selected sites along the Tigris River in Baghdad city, on a monthly basis for one complete year of 2019. Certain factors like radon concentration (Bq.m-3), radium content (Bq.kg-1) and uranium concentration (ppm) were evaluated. The average values of 222Rn level, 226Ra content and 238U concentration in Ceratophyllum demersum samples for site (1) were (593.1 Bq.m-3, 5.8 Bq.kg-1, 0.113 ppm), site (2) were (413.4 Bq.m-3, 3.8 Bq.kg-1, 0.074 ppm), Site (3) were (465.5 Bq.m-3, 4.3 Bq.kg-1, 0.083 ppm) and site (4) were (431.3 Bq.m-3, 3.9 Bq.kg-1, 0.077 ppm), respectively. The results obtained in this work indicated that the radium content and uranium concentration present in the Ceratophyllum demrsum is acceptable which does not pose any risk to the aquatic ecosystem.

A study of aquatic macrophyte for remediation of chromium and cadmium in wastewater effluents in Yenagoa Metropolis, Niger Delta

Although aquatic macrophytes have been used individually for wastewater remediation, there is a dearth of studies comparing their efficiency level to determine the most effective for remediation of specific heavy metals. This study aimed to determine the most effective aquatic macrophyte amongst Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Nymphaea nouchalli, Lemna minor and Ceratophyllum demersum for the remediation of Cr and Cd from wastewater effluents in Yenagoa Metropolis, Niger Delta. Wastewater samples from emulsion paint industries were collected from six locations (L1-L6) and analyzed for Cr and Cd concentration using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. The wastewater samples were treated with these aquatic macrophytes and the concentration of Cr and Cd in the samples were assessed every two weeks for six weeks. Results showed that the mean Cr concentration (0.27mg/L) and Cd levels (0.080mg/L) in the wastewater samples were higher than the recommended WHO limits of 0.05 and 0.003mg/L respectively. The treated wastewater showed that Cr and Cd concentrations in the wastewater were reduced to minimum values by P. statiotes (0.003±0.001mg/L) and E. crassipes (0.000±0.000mg/L) respectively. The removal potentials of the macrophytes were in the order of P. stratiotes &gt; E. crassipes &gt; N. nouchalli &gt; L. minor &gt; C. demersum for Cr, and E. crassipes &gt; P. stratiotes &gt; N. nouchalli &gt; C. demersum &gt; L. minor for Cd. It was concluded that the most effective aquatic macrophyte for remediation of Cr was P. stratiotes (with 97% efficiency) and Cd was E. crassipes (87.5% efficiency). Therefore the macrophytes were considered good phytoremediators.

Effects of diflubenzuron on shrimp (Neocaridina palmata) in freshwater systems dominated by submerged plant (Ceratophyllum demersum)

Diflubenzuron (DFB) is a benzoylbenzourea insect growth regulator widely used in agriculture, horticulture, and vector control. Therefore, it can easily pollute water bodies and cause harm to aquatic life and ecosystems. To evaluate the impact of DFB on atyid shrimp Neocaridina palmate, the insecticide was applied, at 0, 0.74, 2.222, 6.667, 20, and 60 μg L−1, to indoor systems dominated by submerged plant Ceratophyllum demersum. The highest no observed effect concentration and the lowest observed effect concentration was determined to be 0.167 and 0.536 μg L−1, respectively, as it was counted with either activity or immune-reactive content of chitobiase. Subcellular indices were more sensitive, with a lowest observed effect concentration below 0.107 μg L−1. Principal response curves (PRC) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that DFB reduced the biomass of C. demersum and the content of chlorophyll-a and phycocyanin in the media. The biomass of periphyton were promoted at the high concentrations. According to the PRC and PCA, DFB reduced the bacterial population related to photoautotrophy, sulphur reduction, and sulphur oxidation and it promoted those related to photoheterotrophy, nitrate reduction, nitrate denitrification, and nitrogen fixation. Besides, DFB reduced fungi related to denitrification. PRC and PCA showed that DFB had a negative impact on pH and dissolved oxygen levels and a positive impact on NH4–N, NO2–N, PO4–P, and conductivity, suggesting the deterioration in quality of water. This study provided useful information for understanding the ecotoxicological effects of DFB at population and community levels.

MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE AQUATIC FLORA OF THE POLTAVA CITY AND SURROUNDING AREA

The article is devoted to the generalization of literary data on the medicinal properties of plants of aquatic flora of the territory of the Poltava city and its surroundings, studied in the course of original research. From the compiled floristic list, a spectrum of medicinal plants was selected, their degree of introduction into medical practice, belonging to protected lists, frequency of occurrence in the study area was analyzed. It was established that 45 (78%) of the 58 species of vascular plants have medicinal properties, including 4 species are officinal, 18 species are folk medicine plants, 23 species are promising for use in pharmacy. For each species, an annotation of its medicinal properties is compiled, which indicates the type of medicinal raw materials and medicinal forms, chemical composition, directions and mechanisms of physiological action on the human body, indications for the use of medicinal preparations.&#x0D; It was found that, despite the high participation of medicinal plants in the aquatic flora of the Poltava city and its surroundings, their harvesting in the research area is not appropriate for various reasons: official species (Acorus calamus, Iris pseudacorus, Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea alba) – because of their limited distribution, belonging to various protection lists, and as for mass anthropotolerant species, promising for use in pharmacy (in particular, Ceratophyllum demersum, Lemna minor, Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, T. latifolia), their use is limited due to the ability to accumulate harmful substances from polluted ecotopes in urban territory.&#x0D; The compromise solutions for harvesting valuable species of medicinal plants that have a limited distribution in nature or grow in polluted ecotopes can be introduction (artificial cultivation of plants ex situ) and biotechnology (cultivation of cells, tissues and organs isolated from the plant on artificial nutrient media in vitro, which allow obtaining a specific target product).

Release Cumulative Power between (Ceratophyllum demersum L) and )Hydrilla verticillata (plant to Phytoremediation lead in the polluted water aquatic ecosystem

أجريت هذه الدراسة في المعمل "للتعرف على قدرة نبات C. demersum و Hydrilla verticillata على إزالة المعادن الثقيلة من الماء وهو عنصر الرصاص وبتركيز 20 مجم. تم استخدام L-1 لمدة ثمانية وعشرين. يوم لكل نبتة وقدرت كفاءة النبات في إزالة المعادن الثقيلة من الماء بنسب الإزالة وأظهرت النتائج أن النبات يركز العناصر في أنسجته بكميات كبيرة ووجدت فروق معنوية بين التراكيز في اليوم الثالث حتى نهاية اليوم الثامن والعشرين من التجربة لكلا النباتين عند مستوى الاحتمال P 0.05. أشارت الدراسة إلى أن نبات Hydrilla verticillata له قدرة حيوية أكبر مقارنة بالنبات C. demersum وتشير كمية العنصر المتبقي أن نبات Hydrilla verticillata لديه القدرة على تناول كمية أكبر من العنصر في أنسجته أكثر من C. demersum بحيث يمكن استخدام النبات في المعالجة البيولوجية للمياه الملوثة بالمعادن الثقيلة حيث أظهرت النسب النباتية نسبة إزالة عالية لعنصر الرصاص تراوحت بين (79.8 - 31.1)٪ للتركيزات المدروسة خلال أيام التجربة على التوالي لنبات Hydrilla verticillata ، بينما نسب الإزالة من عنصر الرصاص تراوحت بين (7.87 - 29.2٪) للتراكيز المدروسة على التوالي ، بعد اليوم الثامن والعشرين من التجربة للنبات C. demersum تم قياس تركيزات العناصر بعد (3 ، 7 ، 14 ، 21 ، 28) يوما من التجربة لكل تركيز. كما لوحظ خلال التجربة أن أوراق نبات C. demersum بدأت تذبل بشكل أسرع عند تركيز 20 مجم لتر -1. مقارنة مع نبات Hydrilla verticillata

Three New Records from Euglenozoa In Acarlar Floodplain Lake For Turkish Freshwater Algal Flora

Acarlar Lake is a freshwater floodplain lake that consists of swamps and forests growing up on inorganic soils and exposing to seasonal floods. During the studies carried out in Acarlar Lake Floodplain (Sakarya) between February 2011 and May 2011, three new records were identified for the freshwater algae of Turkey from the samples obtained from Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Typha sp. L. plants. These species are Phacus gigas Cunha, Phacus undulatus var. major (Prescott) Huber-Pestalozzi, and Trachelomonas sydneyensis Playfair belonging to Euglenozoa.

Effect of paraquat on the growth of Ceratophyllum demersum L.

This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of the chemical herbicide Paraquat in controlling (Ceratophyllum demersum L.), because of its damage in obstructing the flow of water in rivers, and irrigation channels, and blocking drainage channels, as well as increasing its spread of harmful insects, as well as their impact on human health, and the results showed a high efficiency of paraquat in reducing wet weight of plant. also reducing the number of branches and plant lengths with increasing the concentrations, when compared with control The results obtained that the number of branches and it reached to 9.83, 3.67, 0.00, respectively in control

Assessment of heavy metal accumulation potential of aquatic plants for bioindication and bioremediation of aquatic environment.

This study is devoted to assessing the potential for accumulating heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) of nine species of aquatic and coastal plants growing in the water area of the Okhta River (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation). The list of studied species included the following: hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum L.), water soldier (Stratiotes aloides L.), yellow water-lily (Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.), arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.), broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia L.), water arum (Calla palustris L.), acute sedge (Carex acuta L.), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.). The values of the bioconcentration factor for particular plant tissues were calculated. It has been established that the concentrations of metals in plant tissues can be thousands and tens of thousands of times higher than their content in water. At the same time, the ability of plants to accumulate metals varies greatly and depends on a number of factors, such as environmental conditions, the growing season, the type and ecological group of the plant.The study also attempts to determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of the content of heavy metals in higher aquatic plants. The main difficulties in data interpretation are indicated. The data obtained show the different significance of the study macrophyte species both for bioindication purposes and for use in wastewater treatment. The possibility of using such species as Sagittaria sagittifolia L., Typha latifolia L., Ceratophyllum demersum L., and Calla palustris L. for bioremediation is substantiated.

Potentially hazardous elements in sediments and Ceratophyllum demersum: an ecotoxicological risk assessment in Miliç Wetland, Samsun, Türkiye.

Potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) are non-biodegradable and accumulate in places like water, soil, and plants where they endanger environmental health. There are a considerable number of wetlands having both national and worldwide importance in Türkiye. Regarding PHE accumulation, sediments and Ceratophyllum demersum were examined in the Miliç Wetland (MW), situated in a basin with intense hazelnut and rice farming, which is next to the international highway on the Central Black Sea Coast of Türkiye. The quantification of PHEs in the study subjects was undertaken using a validated inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method, and mean concentrations (mg/kg) of PHEs in the sediments were in the order of Al (13,133) > Fe (10,790) > Mn (205.84) > Cu (17.95) > Cr (16.40) > Zn (15.55) > Ni (11.74) > Pb (9.17) > Co (6.30) > As (2.07) > Cd (0.19). The ecotoxicological risk was assessed using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and certain geological indices, indicating mostly low ecological risk, low pollution, and no hazardous risk. Based on the modified hazard quotient (mHQ) classification of values, Ni showed low contamination, while Cd, Pb, As, and Cu displayed very low contamination, and Zn presented minor contamination. The findings of total lifetime cancer risk (LCR), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) identified that exposure of adults or children to sediments containing PHEs would not represent a major health risk. As a recommendation, it is necessary to avoid the direct entrance of agricultural pesticides and fertilizers to enhance the sediment quality of the MW. Since the highway was constructed close to MW, this is considered a significant source of human-caused pollution. Consequently, all PHEs analyzed, except for Cd, displayed a bioconcentration factor (BCF) value of more than 1000, indicating that Ceratophyllum demersum is a promising plant for phytoremediation in PHE-polluted ecological systems involving wetlands, and it can efficiently be employed as an indicator species in biological screening investigations.

Disentangling the mechanisms sustaining a stable state of submerged macrophyte dominance against free-floating competitors.

Free-floating and rootless submerged macrophytes are typical, mutually exclusive vegetation types that can alternatively dominate in stagnant and slow flowing inland water bodies. A dominance of free-floating plants has been associated with a lower number of aquatic ecosystem services and can be explained by shading of rootless submerged macrophytes. Vice versa, high pH and competition for several nutrients have been proposed to explain the dominance of rootless submerged macrophytes. Here, we performed co-culture experiments to disentangle the influence of limitation by different nutrients, by pH effects and by allelopathy in sustaining the dominance of rootless submerged macrophytes. Specifically, we compared the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) deficiencies and an increased pH from 7 to 10 in reducing the growth of free-floating Lemna gibba by the rootless Ceratophyllum demersum. These macrophyte species are among the most common in highly eutrophic, temperate water bodies and known to mutually exclude each other. After co-culture experiments, additions of nutrients and pH neutralisation removed the growth inhibition of free-floating plants. Among the experimentally tested factors significantly inhibiting the growth of L. gibba, an increase in pH had the strongest effect, followed by depletion of P, N and Fe. Additional field monitoring data revealed that in water bodies dominated by C. demersum, orthophosphate concentrations were usually sufficient for optimal growth of free-floating plants. However, pH was high and dissolved inorganic N concentrations far below levels required for optimal growth. Low N concentrations and alkaline pH generated by dense C. demersum stands are thus key factors sustaining the stable dominance of rootless submerged vegetation against free-floating plants. Consequently, N loading from e.g. agricultural runoff, groundwater or stormwater is assumed to trigger regime shifts to a dominance of free-floating plants and associated losses in ecosystem services.

Design and Manufacture of Machine for Removing Ceratophyllum Demersum and Other Plankton in Rivers

Ceratophyllum plant covers most waterways, including lined channels and trenches. This plant causes a loss in the amount of runoff, velocity of water in the channels, and reduces the drainage rates. This research aims to design and manufacture a machine to clean the water intake outlet for the filtering station of Karbala drinking water by removing plankton, Ceratophyllum plant and algae, and throw these impurities out by means of adding catchers to the machine. As a result of gathering of these floating plants during runoff, it around water surrounding channels intake that were went to suction pumps, so that the channels are blocked. That is why, the workers would be frequently getting down to the river for cleaning after shutdown of the pumps. After studying the topic and coming up with an idea, according to which the design and technology drawings of the machine and determining the location where the device will be tested after implementation at different speeds (30, 60, and 100 m/min.). Three types of catchers (holders) of Ceratophyllum Plant and other Plankton were used. It was obtained that the cross-sectional area of the flow of the machine is greater than that of the suction pipe of the water purification station. The best linear speed for this machine was 30 m/min, which removes impurities by 2.2m3.

Struktur Komunitas Moluska: Gastropoda dan Bivalvia di Vegetasi Perairan Danau Sentani Papua

Community structure of bivalvia and gastropods nearby water vegetation in Sentani Lake, Papua. Line’s transect and plot methods were used to determining the structure of mollusks and vegetation by using index, diversity, and dominance as parameters. Intentional measurement were carried out on several biological parameters of the waters at 10 sampling points. From the observation and measurments, we obtained seven types of mollusk with 5644 individuals, where six types are belong to gastropods and one type is a member of bivalves. The highest level of mollusk diversity was in Kwadeware, the highest at the inlet of the lake, and were dominated by Melanoides tuberculata and Pomacea canaliculata. In addition, vegetation found in the area observation were water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), apu wood (Pistia stratiotes), genjer (Limnocharis flava), Hydrilla verticillata, seagrass (Potomogeton malainus), Nymphaea alba, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Nymphoides indica.Key words: gastropods; molluscs; vegetation; Sentani lake

Waterbodies in the Floodplain of the Drava River Host Species-Rich Macrophyte Communities despite Elodea Invasions

The contribution discusses macrophyte communities in natural and man-made waterbodies located on the active floodplain along the Drava river (Slovenia). We presumed that these different types of wetlands host a great number of macrophyte species, but this diversity may be affected by the presence of alien invasive species Elodea canadensis and E. nuttallii. Presence, relative abundance, and growth forms of plant species along with selected environmental parameters were monitored. Correlation analyses and direct gradient analyses were performed to reveal the possible relations between the structure of macrophyte community and environmental parameters. Number of macrophytes in surveyed water bodies varied from 1 to 23. Besides numerous native species we also recorded Elodea canadensis and E. nuttallii, which were present in 19 out of 32 sample sites, with E. nuttallii prevailing. The less invasive E. canadensis was absent from ponds and oxbow lakes but relatively abundant in side-channels, while E. nuttallii was present in all types but dominant in ponds. The most abundant native species were Myriophyllum spicatum and M. verticillatum, Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton natans. Correlation analyses showed no negative effect of the invasive alien Elodea species to the species richness and diversity of native flora. Positive correlation between the abundance of E. nuttallii and temperature of the water was obtained.

Fabrication of Ternary Nanoparticles for Catalytic Ozonation to Treat Parabens: Mechanisms, Efficiency, and Effects on Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Eker Leiomyoma Tumor-3 Cells.

The use of parabens in personal care products can result in their leakage into water bodies, especially in public swimming pools with insufficient water treatment. We found that ferrite-based nanomaterials could catalytically enhance ozone efficiency through the production of reactive oxygen species. Our objective was to develop a catalytic ozonation system using ternary nanocomposites that could minimize the ozone supply while ensuring the treated water was acceptable for disposal into the environment. A ternary CuFe2O4/CuO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite (CF) delivered excellent degradation performance in catalytic ozonation systems for butylparaben (BP). By calcining with melamine, we obtained the CF/g-C3N4 (CFM) nanocomposite, which had excellent magnetic separation properties with slightly lower degradation efficiency than CF, due to possible self-agglomeration that reduced its electron capture ability. The presence of other constituent ions in synthetic wastewater and actual discharge water resulted in varying degradation rates due to the formation of secondary active radicals. 1O2 and •O2− were the main dominant reactive species for BP degradation, which originated from the O3 adsorption that occurs on the CF≡Cu(I)–OH and CF≡Fe(III)–OH surface, and from the reaction with •OH from indirect ozonation. Up to 50% of O3-treated water resulted in >80% ELT3 cell viability, the presence of well-adhered cells, and no effect on the young tip of Ceratophyllum demersum L. Overall, our results demonstrated that both materials could be potential catalysts for ozonation because of their excellent degrading performance and, consequently, their non-toxic by-products.