Ceramic Support Research Articles

3D spray-coated gradient profile ceramic membranes enables improved filtration performance in aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor

Rational design of cross-sectional microstructure in ceramic membranes has shown to improve membrane filtration efficacy without affecting rejection performance. In this work, we adopted 3D spray-coating technique to generate multi-layered membrane layers on macro-porous flat-sheet ceramic supports. The thickness of each layer was controlled by spray-coating cycles, and a gradient membrane layer was rationalized by successively coating three ceramic slurries containing alumina powders of gradually refined particle sizes, followed by co-sintering. Gradient membrane layers on both sides of the various sized flat-sheet ceramic supports were fabricated. Compared to the non-gradient counterpart, the gradient membranes showed both higher pure water flux (at the same TMP) and lower membrane resistance, which clearly evidenced the benefits of gradient profile in the membrane layer. Further, their performance in aerobic membrane bioreactors (AeMBR) was comparably studied for the first time. The treatment performance was not significantly affected by the types of membranes used, while the gradient membrane showed better filtration performance (i.e., a slower rise in TMP). Although the fouling mechanisms were revealed to be similar, the fouling layer in the gradient membrane was composed of a higher percentage of smaller foulants compared to that of the non-gradient counterpart. The observed differences were closely correlated to the larger internal pore structure in the gradient membrane. The present work provides a feasible 3D spray-coating technique for the fabrication of gradient flat-sheet ceramic membranes, and clarifies the benefits in AeMBR for domestic wastewater treatment.

Robust Ni nanocatalysts formed by exsolution from nanofibrous fluorite ceramic supports for methane partial oxidation

Exsolution is a promising approach to prepare catalysts with both high metal catalyst dispersion and the strong metal/support interaction. Exsolved metal catalysts from conventional perovskite ceramics experience the limitation of reversible exsolution, which makes exsolved metal catalysts instable in the presence of oxidant, such as oxygen during methane partial oxidation (POM). This study has demonstrated stable Ni nanocatalysts exsolved from Y-doped ZrO2 (YSZ) fluorite ceramic after NiO dissolution. The NiO dissolution was promoted through tuning Y-doping and elevating calcination temperature owing to the thermally-stable structure of fibrous catalysts. The robust Ni/YSZ catalysts generated a high methane conversion of about 79.5 % during the POM at 750 °C, which was stable during the test for 100 h owing to the stable Ni catalysts. Therefore, metal exsolution from fibrous fluorite ceramics represents an effective way to prepare efficient and stable nanocatalysts for catalytic redox reactions.

Catalysis Mechanism and Application of Carbon Gasification Reaction-A Comparison of Two Heterogeneous Catalysis Mechanisms

This article is a brief summary article of research. The results of the three times experiments are reviewed. two heterogeneous catalysis mechanisms are introduced, namely: Chemical Reaction Mode Cyclic Catalysis Mechanism-CRM and Electron Cyclic Donate-Accept Catalysis Mechanism-ECDAM or Electron Orbital Deformation-Recovery Cyclic Catalysis Mechanism -EODRM. Some difficulties encountered by CRM are listed. The author clearly points out that the CRM is not credible. This false theory has misled us for more than 100 years.
 
 About ECDAM, the article also gives a brief description. The main point of ECDAM is that the catalysis phenomenon are physical rather than chemical phenomenon. The catalysts do not participate in chemical reactions. It's just contact, electron cyclic donate-accept or electron orbital deformation-recovery cycle. The theory contains three viewpoints:
 
 1. There is a boundary between the catalyst and the poison.
 
 2. The active of the catalyst or the degree of toxicity of the poison is closely related to the electronegative value of the catalyst or poison.
 
 3. The active of catalyst is closely related to the chemical state of the catalyst
 
 The selectivity of catalyst is also related to electronegative or energy level
 
 According to ECDAM, the author considers that there are several problems worth studying in production and scientific research. such as: alumina is a poison in the Fe ammonia synthesis catalyst. The Cordierite (2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2) ceramic honeycomb support is also a poison in automotive exhaust purification catalyst. The Cordierite ceramic honeycomb is retardant in wall flow filter for diesel vehicles. Activated carbon is a poison in the Ruthenium catalyst for ammonia synthesis. Alumina and activated carbon all are a poison to noble metal catalysts, and so on.

A Simple Approach to Fabricate Composite Ceramic Membranes Decorated with Functionalized Carbide-Derived Carbon for Oily Wastewater Treatment.

Membrane-based oil–water separation has shown huge potential as a remedy to challenge oily wastewater with ease and low energy consumption compared to conventional purification techniques. A set of new composite ceramic membranes was fabricated to separate surfactant-stabilized oil/water (O/W) emulsion. Carbide-derived carbon (CDC) was functionalized by 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTES) and subsequently deposited on a ceramic alumina support and impregnated with piperazine as an additional amine. The APTES functionalized CDC-loaded membrane was then crosslinked using terephthalyol chloride (TPC). Different loadings of functionalized CDC (50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg) were employed on the ceramic support resulting in three versions of ceramic membranes (M-50, M-100 and M-200). The fabricated membranes were thoroughly characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Attenuated total teflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and elemental mapping. The highest permeate flux of 76.05 LMH (L m−2 h−1) at 1 bar using 67.5 ppm oil-in-water emulsion (as feed) was achieved by the M-50 membrane, while an oil separation efficiency of >99% was achieved by using the M-200 membrane. The tested emulsions and their respective permeates were also characterized by optical microscopy to validate the O/W separation performance of the best membrane (M-100). The effect of feed concentration and pressure on permeate flux and oil–water separation efficiency was also studied. A long-term stability test revealed that the M-100 membrane retained its performance for 720 min of continuous operation with a minor decrease in permeate flux, but the O/W separation efficiency remained intact.

Synthesis of zirconia-ceramic composite membrane employing a low-cost precursor and evaluation its performance for separation of microbially produced silver nanoparticles

In this research, the isolated bacterium Kocuria rhizophila BR-1 was used to produce extracellular silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were separated by dead-end filtration method. Using electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size distribution (PSD) analysis, the synthesised AgNPs were observed to be spherical, with an average size of 48.23 nm and particle size ranging between 20 and 200 nm. The ceramic membrane support was made with low-cost precursors and coated with zirconia nanoparticles via spray pyrolysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area, contact angle, electron microscopy, particle size distribution, porosity, clean water permeability and average pore size was conducted to characterise the composite membrane (CM). The specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution of the prepared zirconia particles were measured to be 22.04 m2/g, 0.083 cm3/g, and 10.9 nm, respectively. The permeability, porosity, and pore size of membrane were 1.08 × 10−7 L/m2hPa, 30% and 100 nm, respectively. Using a coated membrane and a dead-end filtration, the AgNPs were separated from their aqueous solution at distinct pressures (69–345 kPa) and solute concentrations (0.3 g/L and 0.15 g/L). The permeate flow and AgNPs rejection, at 345 kPa transmembrane pressure and 0.3 g/L feed concentration, was found to be around 32.3 L/m2h and 45%, respectively. Our findings suggest that the ceramic membrane can be used to concentrate different metallic nanoparticles from its broth.

Hydrophobic–Hydrophilic Janus Ceramic Membrane for Enhancing the Waste Heat Recovery from the Stripped Gas in the Carbon Capture Process

A novel hydrophilic–hydrophobic ceramic membrane was developed in this study for the waste heat recovery from the hot stripped gas (i.e., CO2 balanced by water vapor) in the CO2-rich solvent-split modified carbon capture process. This Janus ceramic membrane contained a layer of hydrophobic fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) molecules grafted on a hydrophilic Al2O3 ceramic membrane support. With the increase of FAS concentration, the carbon chain length in FAS molecules in addition to the grafting time, the water and solvent contact angles (CAs) of the hydrophobic side of the Janus membrane improved. The hydrophobic side of the Janus membrane also exhibited a good thermal stability under the typical CO2 regeneration temperature. Furthermore, this Janus ceramic membrane improved the waste heat recovery performance when compared with the conventional hydrophilic ceramic membrane. The hydrophobic side of the Janus membrane should orient toward the stripped gas for achieving a high heat recovery performance. With an increase in the water CA of the hydrophobic side of the Janus membrane, the waste heat recovery performance of the Janus membrane first increased and then declined. The optimal water CA was about 106 ± 1.3° in this study. Moreover, once the water CA for the hydrophobic side of the Janus membrane was fixed, the waste heat recovery performance of the Janus membrane was almost fixed no matter what the grafting conditions were adopted. The novel Janus ceramic membrane developed in this study exhibited a great potential to improve the waste heat recovery performance in the carbon capture process.

Research on performance optimization of Loess-based ceramic membrane supports with Bauxite-dolomite-talc as additives

Inorganic ceramic membranes have attracted much attention due to their advantages of long life, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, and easy cleaning, but they have not been widely used due to the high cost. In order to obtain a ceramic membrane with low cost and good performance, in this paper, loess-based ceramic membrane support was prepared by using loess as raw material, bauxite as aluminum source, dolomite as pore-forming agent and talc as plasticizer. Response surface optimization was used to determine the optimal addition parameters of ingredients. In addition, the factors affecting the performance of the supports were analyzed in terms of material composition, microscopic morphology, and porosity. The results show that the addition of talc conduced to avoid the negative impact of the pore-forming effect of dolomite on the mechanical strength of the support, and the optimum proportioning parameters are 48.85 wt% of bauxite, 9.93 wt% of dolomite and 8 wt% of talc. Under this condition, the bending strength was 42.24 MPa, the pure water flux was 8323.73 l·m−2·h−1·MPa−1, and the average pore throat radius was 5.15 μm. The performance of the best sample reaches the application performance of porous ceramic supports, which provides a theoretical basis for the wide application of low-cost ceramic membrane supports.

Direct ink writing of 3D SiC scaffold as catalyst support for thermally autonomous methanol steam reforming microreactor

Methanol steam reforming (MSR) has been proven to be a feasible approach for in-situ hydrogen production. This paper designed a novel thermally autonomous MSR microreactor with regular-shaped pores SiC scaffold as catalyst support. The SiC scaffolds with four different pore sizes were fabricated by direct ink writing (DIW) of polycarbosilane-based solution. After post processing, the printed ceramic precursor scaffolds shrank homogeneously and converted into porous SiC ceramic, which maintain original regular-shaped pores. The experimental results showed that the microreactor with smaller pore-sized SiC scaffold catalyst support had the highest hydrogen production value while poor characteristics in fluid flow. At an inlet flow rate of 60 μl/min and reaction temperature of 280 °C, the microreactor with 0.5 mm pore-sized SiC scaffold can produce the average hydrogen of 53.85 ml/min with methanol conversion of 82.88%. After 24 h of continuous operation, the SiC scaffold still had great hydrogen production, demonstrating remarkable stability as catalyst support for MSR hydrogen production system. This work demonstrates that ceramic scaffold catalyst support fabricated by DIW is a promising method for the development of MSR microreactors for regulation of the fluid flow and hydrogen production performances.

Perovskite Catalyst for In-Cylinder Coating to Reduce Raw Pollutant Emissions of Internal Combustion Engines.

Aiming to achieve the highest combustion efficiency and less pollutant emission, a catalytic coating for cylinder walls in internal combustion engines was developed and tested under several conditions. The coating consists of a La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 (LSCO) catalyst on an aluminum-based ceramic support. Atomic force microscopy was applied to investigate the surface roughness of the LSCO coating, while in situ diffuse infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy was used to obtain the molecular understanding of adsorption and conversion. In addition, the influence of LSCO-coated substrates on the flame quenching distance was studied in a constant-volume combustion chamber. Investigations conclude that an LSCO coating leads to a reduction of flame quenching at low wall temperatures but a negligible effect at high temperatures. Finally, the influence of LSCO coatings on the in-cylinder wall-near gas composition was investigated using a fast gas sampling methodology with sample durations below 1 ms. Ion molecule reaction mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed a significant reduction of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide when LSCO coating was applied.

Heterogeneous Catalysis Mechanism

In this paper, two heterogeneous catalysis mechanisms are introduced, namely: Chemical Reaction Mode Cyclic Catalysis Mechanism-CRM and Electron Cyclic Donate-Accept Catalysis Mechanism-ECDAM or Electron Orbital Deformation-Recovery Cyclic Catalysis Mechanism -EODRM . Some difficulties encountered by CRM are listed. The author clearly points out that the CRM is not credible。This false theory has misled us for more than 100 years。       About  ECDAM, the article also gives a brief description. The main point of ECDAM is that the catalysis phenomenon are physical rather than chemical phenomenon. The catalysts do not participate in chemical reactions, It's just contact，electron cyclic donate-accept or electron orbital deformation-recovery cycle.. The theory contains three viewpoints:  1, There is a boundary between the catalyst and the poison. 2, The active of the catalyst or the degree of toxicity of the poison is closely related to the electronegative value of the catalyst or poison. 3, The active of catalyst is closely related to the chemical state of the catalyst.. The selectivity of catalyst is also related to electronegative or energy level. According to ECDAM, The author considers that there are several problems worth studying in production and scientific research. such as: alumina is a poison in the Fe ammonia synthesis catalyst. The Cordierite (2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2 ) ceramic honeycomb support is also a  poison in automotive exhaust purification catalyst .The Cordierite ceramic honeycomb is retardant in wall flow filter for diesel vehicles. Activated carbon is a poison in the Ruthenium catalyst for ammonia synthesis. Alumina and activated carbon all are a poison to noble metal catalysts, and so on.

Development of a manufacturing process for Binder Jet 3D printed porous Al2O3 supports used in heterogeneous catalysis

A complete preparation route for the direct 3D printing of Al2O3 supports made from boehmite and bayerite was established using the Binder Jetting technology. The application of the ceramic supports as reactor packing material employed in heterogeneous catalysis requires high porosity but simultaneously a certain robustness which has not been thoroughly investigated for powder-based 3D printing technologies before. With a calcination temperature of only 600 °C, sufficient consolidation by sintering does not occur as it would be the case for conventional Binder Jetting procedures so that the post-processing step of ambient slurry infiltration after debinding binds the particles after calcination at relatively low temperatures and significantly stabilizes the alumina framework while keeping the surface area and open porosity at catalytically relevant values of up to 223 m2/g and 80%, respectively. Uniaxial compression tests, density measurements and N2 physisorption elucidated the chemical composition, size accuracy, shrinkage behavior, side crushing strength, density, porosity and specific surface area of the green body as well as post-processed parts. Additionally, μCT scans offered a method to analyze the 3D printed character of the alumina carrier structure, effect of post-processing and an alternative way to assess part shrinkage next to size measurement.

Cobalt Minimisation in Violet Co3P2O8 Pigment.

This study considers the limitations of cobalt violet orthophosphate, Co3P2O8, in the ceramic industry due to its large amount of cobalt. MgxCo3−xP2O8 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) solid solutions with the stable Co3P2O8 structure were synthesised via the chemical coprecipitation method. The formation of solid solutions between the isostructural Co3P2O8 and Mg3P2O8 compounds decreased the toxically large amount of cobalt in this inorganic pigment and increased the melting point to a temperature higher than 1200 °C when x ≥ 1.5. Co3P2O8 melted at 1160 °C, and compositions with x ≥ 1.5 were stable between 800 and 1200 °C. The substitution of Co(II) with Mg(II) decreased the toxicity of these materials and decreased their price; hence, the interest of these materials for the ceramic industry is greater. An interesting purple colour with a* = 31.6 and b* = −24.2 was obtained from a powdered Mg2.5Co0.5P2O8 composition fired at 1200 °C. It considerably reduced the amount of cobalt, thus improving the colour of the Co3P2O8 pigment (a* = 16.2 and b* = −20.1 at 1000 °C). Co3P2O8 is classified as an inorganic pigment (DCMA-8-11-1), and the solid solutions prepared were also inorganic pigments when unglazed. When introducing 3% of the sample (pigment) together with enamel, spreading the mixture on a ceramic support and calcining the whole in an electric oven, a colour change from violet to blue was observed due to the change in the local environment of Co(II), which could be seen in the UVV spectra of the glazed samples with the displacement of the bands towards higher wavelengths and with the appearance of a new band assigned to tetrahedral Co(II). This blue colour was also obtained with Co2SiO4, MgCoSiO4 or Co3P2O8 pigments containing a greater amount of cobalt.

Bioconjugation Strategy for Ceramic Membranes Decorated with Candida Antarctica Lipase B-Impact of Immobilization Process on Material Features.

A strategy for the bioconjugation of the enzyme Candida antarctica lipase B onto titania ceramic membranes with varied pore sizes (15, 50, 150, and 300 kDa) was successfully performed. The relationship between the membrane morphology, i.e.,the pore size of the ceramic support, and bioconjugation performance was considered. Owing to the dimension of the enzyme (~33 kDa), the morphology of the ceramics allowed (50, 150, and 300 kDa) or did not allow (15 kDa) the entrance of the enzyme molecules into the porous structure. Such a strategy made it possible to better understand the changes in the material (morphology) and physicochemical features (wettability, adhesiveness, and surface charge) of the samples, which were systematically examined. The silane functionalization and enzyme immobilization were accomplished via the covalent route. The samples were characterized after each stage of the modification, which was very informative from the material point of view. As a consequence of the modification, significant changes in the contact angle, roughness, adhesion, and zeta potential were observed. For instance, for the 50 kDa membrane, the contact angle increased from 29.1 ± 1.5° for the pristine sample to 72.3 ± 1.5° after silane attachment; subsequently, it was reduced to 57.2 ± 1.5° after the enzyme immobilization. Finally, the contact angle of the bioconjugated membrane used in the enzymatic process rose to 92.9 ± 1.5°. By roughness (Sq) controlling, the following amendments were noticed: for the pristine 50 kDa membrane, Sq = 1.87 ± 0.21 µm; after silanization, Sq = 2.33 ± 0.30 µm; after enzyme immobilization, Sq = 2.74 ± 0.26 µm; and eventually, after the enzymatic process, Sq = 2.37 ± 0.27 µm. The adhesion work of the 50 kDa samples was equal to 136.41 ± 2.20 mN m−1 (pristine membrane), 94.93 ± 2.00 mN m−1 (with silane), 112.24 ± 1.90 mN m−1 (with silane and enzyme), and finally, 69.12 ± 1.40 mN m−1 (after the enzymatic process). The materials and physicochemical features changed substantially, particularly after the application of the membrane in the enzymatic process. Moreover, the impact of ceramic material morphology on the zeta potential value is here presented for the first time. With an increase in the ceramic support cut-off, the amount of immobilized lipase rose, but the specific productivity was higher for membranes possessing smaller pores, owing to the higher grafting density. For the enzymatic process, two modes of accomplishment were selected, i.e., stirred-tank and cross-flow. The latter method was characterized by a much higher effectiveness, with a resulting productivity equal to 99.7 and 60.3 µmol h−1 for the 300 and 15 kD membranes, respectively.

Immobilization of highly active titanium dioxide and zinc oxide hollow spheres on ceramic paper and their applicability for photocatalytic water treatment

Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide hollow spheres were synthesized using carbon spheres as templates. To investigate their practical applicability, they were immobilized on ceramic paper support using titanium(IV) isopropoxide as an adhesive. The immobilization process was successful, reinforced by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy measurements. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was investigated by applying them in both suspended and immobilized forms. These measurements were performed under UV-A irradiation using phenol as a pollutant. To investigate reusability and stability, the photocatalytic experiments were carried out consecutively three times. After immobilization, the photocatalytic activity order observed for hollow TiO2 and hollow ZnO was reversed. The formation of a heterojunction was deduced to be responsible for the observed photocatalytic activity. The immobilized catalysts were demonstrated to be highly reusable as they largely retained their photocatalytic activity during the repeated measurements, and no catalyst leaching was observed.

Propane-fuelled microtubular solid oxide fuel cell stack electrically connected by an anodic rectangular window

A current collecting window (0.4 cm2), without an electrolyte and cathode, is located in the middle of an anode and connected electrically to the cathode of another microtubular solid oxide fuel cell (MTSOFC) when building a short stack. No apparent open-circuit voltage (OCV) drops were observed during 31 thermal cycles for an 8-cell stack using H2 and syngas. Furthermore, 24.1, 53.6 and 103.5 W power levels are achieved employing this current collecting mode at 700 °C for an 8, 10 and 20-cell stack, respectively. The propane-fuelled 8-cell stack has a maximum power density (MPD) of 0.30 W cm−2 when integrated with a catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer, at a flow rate of 0.32 g min−1 of propane. A Pt-Ru nanoparticle is fabricated by impregnation treatment of the alumina honeycomb ceramic support. The Pt-based catalyst, with an average size of ∼10.0 nm, is well distributed on the surface of the honeycomb ceramic channel. Moreover, Pt-Ru/Al2O3, as a CPOX catalyst, exhibits high propane conversions (94.2%) at 700 °C.

Electrochemical oxidation of aniline using a high-flux CNT filter

Carbon nanotube (CNT) membrane electrochemical filtration has been found to provide effective solutions for water contaminant removal. However, bubble elimination, water flux increase, and CNT membrane robustness enhancement still remain great challenges for CNT electrochemical filtration technologies. To improve the performance of the electrochemical CNT filter, a ceramic flat membrane is used as the CNT electrode support. Aniline (AN) is chosen as the target pollutant to investigate the effects of water quality (initial pH, initial AN concentration, and support electrolyte concentration) and running conditions (anode potential and water flux). In addition, the current efficiencies (CE) of the two different modes (single-pass filtration and recirculated filtration) are also estimated. The results showed that the effects of various impact factors on the AN degradation were generally similar in both modes. Overall, the CEs of the sing-pass filtration mode with the stable influent conditions were higher than those of the recirculation filtration mode. Increasing the flux and applied anode potential did increase the AN degradation rate. The maximum water flux density of the high-flux CNT electrochemical filter reached 83.9 mL/(cm2·h), 4.0–16.1 fold of that of a typical CNT electrochemical filter, addressing the defects of bubble formation and CNT fragility of the free-standing BUCKYPAPER membrane in a conventional electrochemical filter. The configuration with a ceramic membrane support greatly improved the practicability of CNT-based electrochemical filtration technology for real wastewater treatment.

Multiple Analyses of Factors for High Oxygen Reduction Activity of Pt-based Catalysts on a Ceramic Support

Multiple Analyses of Factors for High Oxygen Reduction Activity of Pt-based Catalysts on a Ceramic Support

Acid transesterification of oils with ethanol on carbon catalysts

The main advantages and disadvantages of solid-phase catalysts for transesterification reactions of oils with alcohols are analyzed. Tests of the sulfonated and phosphated solid - phase catalysts synthesized by us in the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with 96% ethanol in order to obtain biodiesel were carried out. The chemical resistance of sulfonated synthetic (S-SCS) and synthesized from natural raw materials (S-KAU) catalysts was compared. The reasons for low chemical resistance of sulfonated carbon-containing materials are determined. Synthetic S-SCS catalysts proved to be the least stable. Regeneration of phosphated samples was performed by washing the catalyst from oil residues and reaction products in a boiling solution of 0.1 M alkali, followed by repeated washing with distilled water to slightly alkaline pH. Then, after drying, the obtained material was used as a source for re-synthesis of the catalyst. The ethanolysis reaction was carried out in autoclaves under pressure at a temperature of 150-160oC with a process duration of 5-7 hours. The ratio of catalyst to starting oil was chosen 1:15 (g : ml). The oil-alcohol ratio was 3: 4, vol. The volume of the autoclave was 45 ml. The maximum conversion under these test conditions in the first cycle for sulfonated catalysts was 100%, and for phosphated - 94%. A carbon-containing catalyst on a ceramic support has been developed, which can be regenerated by firing the carbon-containing material and applying a new one. This catalyst showed the highest chemical resistance, withstanding 7 cycles, while the conversion fell by 14% (from 89 to 75%). For more efficient use of the catalyst, the scheme of flow-circulation installation of transesterification of oils and fats of biological origin with alcohols was proposed.

Composite ceramic membrane containing titanium carbide as an active layer: Fabrication, characterization and its application in oil/water separation

Treatment of oily wastewater such as the produced water (PW) generated by oil and gas industries remains a pressing challenge. To mitigate this problem, a new ceramic membrane was fabricated for the efficient separation of an oil-in-water emulsion. The key component in this membrane is the titanium carbide (TiC) selective layer which was affixed onto an alumina ceramic support through interfacial polymerization (IP). The merits of the fabricated TiC@Alumina membrane were thoroughly characterized by different techniques and tested for the separation of oil/water (O/W) emulsion. A permeate flux of 591 LMH was achieved at a pressure of 8 bar. The membrane achieved a separation efficiency of > 99 % for all of the tested O/W emulsions (125 ppm, 250 ppm, and 500 ppm). The long-term stability test revealed that the composite membrane maintained excellent separation efficiency (>99 %) for 360 min.

Adsorptive Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Membrane on Ceramic Support for the Separation of Lead(Ii) Ions in Water and Optimization Study

Adsorptive Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Membrane on Ceramic Support for the Separation of Lead(Ii) Ions in Water and Optimization Study