Ceramic Containers Research Articles

Preparation and White Light Emission in Dy3+/Tb3+ Codoped Glass Ceramics Containing NaYF4 Nanocrystals

Preparation and White Light Emission in Dy³⁺/Tb³⁺ Codoped Glass Ceramics Containing NaYF₄ Nanocrystals

Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhanced Spontaneous Upconversion and Stimulated Emissions in Glass Ceramics Containing Ba2LaF7 Nanocrystals

Glass ceramics containing Yb3+, Er3+ codoped Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals were fabricated via melt quenching method and the subsequent heating treatment. The formation of Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals in the glass ceramics was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The spontaneous upconversion (UC) emission and the stimulated counterpart as a random lasing action of Er3+, which were related to the characteristic transitions of Er3+ ions, were achieved in the Yb3+, Er3+-doped Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals embedded glass ceramic hybrid. Furthermore, the absorption spectra verified the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of Ag, which precipitated from the matrix glasses as Ag nanoparticles (NPs). By incorporating Ag NPs in the glass ceramic hybrid, spontaneous UC emission intensity of Er3+ in visible region was significantly enhanced, while the threshold of the random lasing was decreased from 480 to 350 nJ/cm2.

Tb3+掺杂含SrF2纳米晶硅酸盐微晶玻璃的光谱性质

Tb³⁺掺杂含SrF₂纳米晶硅酸盐微晶玻璃的光谱性质

Computer modelling and experimental investigation of building integrated sub-wet bulb temperature evaporative cooling system

The paper presents computer modelling and laboratory experiment results of a sub-wet bulb temperature indirect evaporative cooling system for space cooling in buildings. The prototype employs hollow porous ceramic water containers as wet media material for water evaporation. The cooled air is delivered without increasing its moisture content. The performance of the cooler was evaluated using a computer model, and the results of which were validated experimentally. The cooling capacity and effectiveness of the cooler were evaluated at inlet air dry bulb temperature of 30 and 35°C and relative humidity ranging from 35% to 50%. It was found that the cooler can supply air for space cooling at sub-wet bulb temperature conditions; achieve measured cooling capacity approaching 225W/m2 of exposed ceramic material wet surface area and wet bulb effectiveness higher than unity. The high thermal performance of the constructed evaporative cooler indicates the system could be a potential substitute to conventional mechanical air-conditioning systems in buildings in many parts of the world where hot and dry climatic conditions prevail.

Food surplus and archaeological proxies: a case study from Roman Crete

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the use of archaeological proxies in the study of food surpluses in antiquity. Since foodstuffs rarely survive in the archaeological record, proxy evidence forms the foundation of our analyses. Scholars must be critical of these data to ensure that they provide the most accurate illustration of ancient trends possible. There are also questions that are rarely asked of proxy data, such as why the products for which they provide evidence were appealing and how they were consumed. To explore these issues, the export and consumption of wine from Roman Crete during the first–third century ad serves as a case study. This product is identified primarily through finds of ceramic containers known as amphorae. Proxy evidence, like amphorae, is indispensable, but scholars must ensure that they maximize the potential of these data while examining the role that food surplus played in social development.

From refuse to rebirth: repositioning the pot burial in the Egyptian archaeological record

Abstract

White Light Emission Characteristics of Tb3+/Sm3+ Co-Doped Glass Ceramics Containing YPO4 Nanocrystals

The Tb3+/Sm3+ single-doped and co-doped glasses and glass ceramics containing YPO4 nanocrystals have been synthesized by melt quenching method. The structural and luminescent properties of these glass specimens were investigated. Under 375 nm wavelength excitation, the emission spectra combined with blue, green and red bands were observed, which achieved the white light emission. Moreover, the energy transfer between Tb3+ and Sm3+ ions was validated by decay lifetime measurement and energy level diagram. The color coordinates (x = 0.333, y = 0.333), correlated color temperature (5595 K) and the color rendering index (Ra=80.5) indicated that the glass ceramics were considered to be good lighting source. Hence, the YPO4-based Tb3+/Sm3+ co-doped glass ceramics can act as potential matrix materials for white light-emitting diodes under ultraviolet excitation.

A Delightful Odor to the Breath: Toothpaste in Nineteenth-Century Toronto

The Bishop’s Block site in downtown Toronto contained the foundations of four townhouses constructed between the 1830s and 1860s, which were occupied as private residences into the early twentieth century. From this site came a ceramic container of “Atkinson’s Celebrated Parisian Toothpaste,” a commercially prepared product developed in the late 1850s to appeal to people worried about having a bright smile, sweet breath, and impeccable hygiene. Cleanliness and social acceptability became ever more intertwined during the Victorian era, while epidemics remained a grim reality. In this context we see toothpaste transform from a product used by a narrow segment of the population at the beginning of the nineteenth century into a more widely adopted badge of cleanliness at the close of the nineteenth century.

An ultradisperse technology for consolidation of fission product concentrates in a ceramic container crucible

An ultradisperse technology is suggested for consolidation of partitioned product concentrates in an iron–lanthanum silicophosphate ceramic host material. The technology is economically advantageous because of the use of readily available reagents and raw materials and takes a short time owing to the composite structure of the host material. The latter factor also ensures high corrosion resistance of the host material. The process allows the development of a robotic system for nuclear waste packing directly in the container crucible. It is appropriate to isolate the ready nuclear containers in a superdeep borehole repository.

Food residues as indicators of processed plants in hunter-gatherers’ pottery from La Pampa (Argentina)

This paper presents the results of archaeobotanical studies of plant microremains adhered to the surfaces of charred cooking-pot residues, corresponding to a context of hunter-gatherer societies in semiarid environments (Western Pampa, Argentina). Microparticles (starch granules, phytoliths, micro-charcoal, ochre-coloured organic matter and fungal remains) were identified, and the taphonomic factors that affected the plant microremains were described. Results indicate the use of ceramic containers for processing wild plants (Poaceae and Prosopis sp.), cultivated plants (Zea mays L.) and other ingredients. This study suggests the importance of plants in the diet of Pampean hunter-gatherers and the effective use of ceramic containers for processing and preparation of these resources.

IMPLICANCIAS EXPERIMENTALES PARA UNA TECNOLOGÍA EXTRACTIVA DE CRUSTÁCEOS DE AGUA DULCE MEDIANTE EL USO DE ALFARERÍA. LAGO LÁCAR, PATAGONIA NOROCCIDENTAL (ARGENTINA) / Implications for experimental technology extractive freshwater crustaceans using pottery

<p>Resumen<br />En este trabajo se propone un estudio experimental que tiene por objetivo determinar si recipientes cerámicos sumergidos bajo el agua pueden resultar útiles y eficientes para capturar crustáceos en los lagos de la Patagonia noroccidental argentina. Los resultados obtenidos han demostrado que vasijas experimentales similares a las arqueológicas encontradas bajo el agua, son herramientas eficientes como trampas para la captura de crustáceos. Además, a partir del hervido de los mismos se pudieron extraer y concentrar todos los nutrientes que fueron transferidos a un líquido de cocción o sopa. De esta experimentación resultó un alimento palatable y nutritivo a un bajo costo de aprovisionamiento y procesamiento a partir del uso de la alfarería en ambas etapas, es decir para la obtención o extracción de crustáceos y en su posterior cocción. Se propone así que las actividades del tipo extractivas -además de las tradicionalmente asignadas a la tecnología cerámica como cocción, almacenamiento y/o transporte- puede ser una de las causas de la gran cantidad y diversidad de fragmentos cerámicos recuperados en contextos subacuáticos y en las playas del lago Lácar.</p><p> </p><p><br /><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><br />This paper presents an experimental and actualistic study that aims to determine if ceramic containers submerged under water can be useful and efficient tools for catching crustaceans in the lakes of the region under study. The results have shown that experimental vessels, similar to the archaeological vessels found underwater, are efficient traps for catching shellfish. Furthermore, from the boiling of these, all the nutrients could be extracted and concentrated which were then transferred to a cooking liquid or soup. From this procedure, a palatable and nutritious food was obtained at low cost of sourcing and processing, through the use of pottery in both stages: for obtaining or extracting crustaceans and its later cooking. In this manner it is proposed that extractive activities -in addition to those traditionally assigned to ceramic technology such as cooking, storage and/or transportation can be the cause of the large quantity and diversity of ceramic fragments found in underwater environments and the shores of lake Lácar.</p>

Near-Green-Emitting Tb3+-Doped Transparent Glass Ceramics Containing Ba2LaF7 Nanocrystals for Application in White Light-Emitting Diodes

Tb3+-activated transparent glass ceramics containing Ba2LaF7 were successfully synthesized by a conventional melt–quenching technique, and the glass ceramics displayed a near-green emission under near-ultraviolet excitation. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction were used to monitor the evolution and microstructural changes in the prepared glass specimens. The transparency levels of the glass ceramics remained high with increasing treatment temperatures from 640 to 690°C. Investigations on the luminescence properties of the glass ceramics revealed that Tb3+ ions were gradually incorporated into the precipitated fluoride crystalline phase. After heat treatment at 640°C for 2 h, major emission was observed at 543 nm owing to 5D4 → 7F5 transition of Tb3+ under 373-nm excitation. Current findings indicate that the prepared materials have potential as replacements to commonly employed green phosphors in white light-emitting diodes. Additionally, the decay lifetimes of Tb3+ ions at 543 nm under 373-nm excitation were studied.

Macro-encapsulation of metallic phase change material using cylindrical-type ceramic containers for high-temperature thermal energy storage

High-temperature heat storage is of growing importance for advanced solar energy utilization and waste heat recovery systems. Latent heat storage technology using alloys as phase change materials (PCM) is a promising option since it can achieve a thermal energy storage system with high heat storage density and high heat exchange rate because of the large latent heat and high thermal conductivity of metallic PCMs. Encapsulation of PCM is essential for its successful use, however, the encapsulation is very difficult owing to the high corrosivity of the metallic PCM and its volume expansion during the solid–liquid phase change. So far, the technology for encapsulating metallic PCMs has not been achieved. This study proposes the use of ceramic containers comprising a cap and a cup for macro-encapsulation of metallic PCMs, and a sealing method of the containers to endure the thermal stress from volume expansion during the phase change. The resulting PCM capsule has excellent corrosive resistance and cycling performance.

Preceramic, Aceramic or Early Ceramic? The radiocarbon dated beginning of the Neolithic in the Aegean

The Pre-Pottery-Neolithic refers to a period in the Eastern Mediterranean when ceramic containers were not yet in use (although small objects made of clay were already being created). This concept, which reflects a specific and quite unique stage in the development of human history, was introduced to Aegean prehistory under the term of Preceramic during the 1950’s (e.g., in Argissa Magoula and Sesklo). Shortly thereafter, a different term, the Aceramic, was applied in the Aegean (e.g., in Knossos) for levels devoid of pottery, although ceramic products were supposedly used in the wider region. In some cases, the thin levels interpreted as Preceramic or as Aceramic contained sherds that were regarded as being intrusive from above (e.g., Argissa-Magoula, Franchthi Cave). The new sequences of radiocarbon dates allow a more precise description of this early period and thereby contribute, not least, also to the clarification of terminological issues.

Certain Trends in Eastern Woodlands Salt Production Technology

Abstract From the Late Woodland period until the end of the eighteenth century, the American Indians of the Eastern Woodlands produced salt by evaporating brine in ceramic containers. These vessels, often termed saltpans, exhibited a range of variability in size, form, and surface treatment. Data from eight salt-making localities discussed here support the idea that in parts of the Deep South bowls and jars were preferred over thicker basin-shaped vessels, but this does not seem to have been the case throughout the rest of the Eastern Woodlands. While there is some evidence to suggest that salt bowls and jars were supported over a fire using clay pedestals and that salt was traded in small cups, or augets, very few of these ceramic forms have been identified thus far in eastern North America.

The Use of Electron Microscopy Techniques to Determine the Oxidation Mechanism SiAlON Ceramics Containing Yb203+Sm203+CaO as Sintering Additives

The Use of Electron Microscopy Techniques to Determine the Oxidation Mechanism SiAlON Ceramics Containing Yb203+Sm203+CaO as Sintering Additives

De ollas y fuentes en la etnohistoria patagónica

The purpose of this essay is to enhance the inquiry on aboriginal pottery from Patagonia and surrounding areas, according to documentary sources. The available data for ceramic containers and alternative materials is reviewed, including their types, uses, and provenances. In order to evaluate documents representativeness, a confidence measurement is deployed by means of comparative data on leather working. It is discussed the role of regional pottery through time, the relationship between information lacks and historical absences, the existence of non-utilitarian choices, and causal factors for change.

Towards high resolution ceramic series for production site studies: the case of Loron amphorae (Croatia, 1st–3rd c. A.D.)

From the 1st to the 3rd centuries A.D., the territory of Istria (present-day Croatia) was a prominent area of olive oil production. Archaeologists have identified the so-called Dressel 6B amphora as the main container used in the transport and trade of this oil. So far archaeology and epigraphy have helped identify probable sources of production and two workshops in Istria, and have also allowed the reconstruction of main trade routes through the identification of stamped amphorae. However, much less is known about the organization of the production of these ceramic containers, which may have been conducted on an almost industrial scale. This preliminary study demonstrates how chemical analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) may address this question and provide new answers and avenues of inquiry. Our study of 53 amphorae, produced during two important periods in the history of the workshop of Loron, has evidenced that even in chronologically closely related contexts of production chemical analysis could significantly separate samples according to production groups. This result constitutes a very important first step towards a thorough study of the entire production history of the workshop, involving the creation of a comprehensive geochemical reference group comprising several hundred samples. This in turn will enable us to address an array of hypotheses concerning the economy and ecology of this production site, which are briefly presented in the article. The application of this methodology to the whole corpus of Istrian amphorae is then advocated in light of this study.

Certain Trends in Eastern Woodlands Salt Production Technology

From the Late Woodland period until the end of the eighteenth century, the American Indians of the Eastern Woodlands produced salt by evaporating brine in ceramic containers. These vessels, often termed saltpans, exhibited a range of variability in size, form, and surface treatment. Data from eight salt-making localities discussed here support the idea that in parts of the Deep South bowls and jars were preferred over thicker basin-shaped vessels, but this does not seem to have been the case throughout the rest of the Eastern Woodlands. While there is some evidence to suggest that salt bowls and jars were supported over a fire using clay pedestals and that salt was traded in small cups, or augets, very few of these ceramic forms have been identified thus far in eastern North America.

Archaeological Quantification of Pottery: The Rims Count Adjusted using the Modulus of Rupture (MR)

Archaeological quantification is a recurrent issue in research about pottery, its typologies and its distribution. We accept the validity of other methods of quantification—sherd count, minimum number of individuals (MNI) or sherd weight—but the methodology that we have proposed for quantification of assemblages of archaeological contexts is the rims count, which has to be transformed into coefficients of reference through a correction using the modulus of rupture (MR). Such correctors are obtained through measuring the percentage of preserved rim of a significant number of sherds of each type and establishing the average of that percentage. This quantification method is easily applicable to all pottery types and it is also statistically reliable. Besides, it can be used in any study in which the gross number of rims is published. Finally, in the case of ceramic transport containers, a second correction can be applied by multiplying the corrected coefficient (number of rims × MR) by its average capacity (AC), another corrector that will allow us to gather statistics according to the litres of transported product. We believe that the rims count (the easiest part to classify) is a fast, relatively easy and very reliable method that needs to be corrected using the MR.