Ceramic Barrier Filters Research Articles

Optical In Situ Size and Concentration Measurement of Particles Dispersed in Gases at Temperatures up to 1000°C

Based on previous experience, an optical particle counter has been designed which allows the direct measurement of the size and concentration of dust particles in gas flows at high temperatures. The instrument features a new optical measuring volume definition together with a signal control to avoid border-zone error effects. The instrument has a free working distance of 200 mm. Hence it is possible to make true in situ measurements in pipe flows with a cross-section of ca. 60 cm2 and additionally to protect the device against heat and dust precipitation on the optical windows. The instrument was initially used to examine the separation behaviour of cake-forming rigid ceramic barrier filters at temperatures up to 1000 °C. In particular, the fractional efficiencies and the time-related concentration changes on the clean gas side caused by a pulse jet cleaning event could be determined. The results obtained so far demonstrate that ceramic barrier filters show basically the same behaviour as conventional filters, but possess a substantially higher separation efficiency at a corresponding higher pressure drop (fractional penetration values between 10−5 and 10−9 depending on the type of filter material and the cake formation).

00/01052 Westinghouse hot gas filter system development

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC) and Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC) are being developed and demonstrated for commercial, power generation application. Hot gas particulate filters are key components for the successful implementation of IGCC and PFBC in power generation gas turbine cycles. The objective of this work is to develop and qualify through analysis and testing a practical hot gas ceramic barrier filter system that meets the performance and operational requirements for these applications. This paper reports on the development and status of testing of the Westinghouse Advanced Hot Gas Particle Filter (W-APF) including: 4,246 hours of testing that has now been completed at the Foster Wheeler 10 MW PCFB facility located in Karhula, Finland; operation of the W-APF in conjunction with the Foster Wheeler Advanced HIPPS Test Program being conducted at their Livingston, New Jersey site; approximately 2,100 hours of operation of the W-APF at the SCS/PSDF site on the MWK transport reactor test loop; the design, installation and startup status of the W-APF unit supplied to the 95 MW Pinon Pine IGCC Clean Coal Demonstration, Reno, Nevada; and the status of the Westinghouse development and testing of HGF`s for Biomass Power Generation. Results reported include operating history, operatingmore » characteristics and filter performance. Schedules and objectives for future testing are summarized. The status of the 200 MWe PCFB Clean Coal Demonstration Project, City of Lakeland Florida and 75 MW(e) Minnesota Agriculture Biomass Power Project are summarized.« less

99/02763 The separation efficiency and regeneration behavior of ceramic barrier filters at high temperatures determined by optical particle size and concentration measurement

An organization of the dialogue simulation system is dealt wita and analised in this work. It's structure has been worked out in the Institute of Electronics and Computing Technique of the Latvian Academy of Science [Latv.Ac.Sci.]The aspect of using a conversational simulation system [CSS] as an approach for analysing different terminal complexes [TK] is dealt with in the paper. Some characteristics of the CSS1s subsystems and their piculiarity of functioning are also presented as researching results. Certain recomendations are given too for applying the CSS1s approach to decide tasks of the TK's various organisation investigation.

Status of Westinghouse Hot Gas Filters for Coal and Biomass Power Systems

Several advanced, coal and biomass-based combustion turbine power generation technologies using solid fuels (IGCC, PFBC, Topping-PFBC, HIPPS) are currently under development and demonstration. A key developing technology in these power generation systems is the hot gas filter. These power generation technologies must utilize highly reliable and efficient hot gas filter systems if their full thermal efficiency and cost potential is to be realized. This paper reviews the recent test and design progress made by Westinghouse in the development and demonstration of hot gas ceramic barrier filters toward the goal of reliability. The objective of this work is to develop and qualify, through analysis and testing, practical hot gas ceramic barrier filter systems that meet the performance and operational requirements for these applications.

Hot gas clean-up bioflow ceramic filter experience

Future energy production will be handled by advanced technologies that are more efficient and more environmentally friendly and less in capital cost. An integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant is among the most promising technologies to meet the above goals. The use of biofuels, a renewable form of energy, in IGCC systems is an excellent option to reduce the CO 2 emission. In 1992, Sydkraft AB of Sweden and Foster Wheeler Energia Oy of Finland formed a joint venture company, Bioflow Ltd, to develop the biomass-based IGCC system with the gasification part provided by pressurized circulating fluidized bed technology. The new IGCC system is expected to have higher efficiency (44–50%) and the gaseous emissions would be lowered by 20–50% of the current levels. A Bioflow IGCC demonstration plant has already been built in Varnamo, Sweden and it is now in operation. In this plant, the first in the world, the integration of a pressurized gasifier with a gas turbine will take place utilizing low heating value fuel from biomass gasification. The cogen plant produces 6 MW e electricity and 9 MW th district heat. The plant has, among other critical components, a ceramic barrier filter for hot gas particulate clean up. This paper describes the hot gas ceramic filter operation at about 400°C under pressure. Over 2000 hr of operation has been logged. The performance of the filter has been satisfactory.

97/03138 Advanced hot gas filter for the Pinon Pine coal gasification power plant

A commercial scale advanced hot gas filter is described for the Pinon Pine coal gasification power plant. Manifolded arrays of ceramic barrier filters are suspended from a high alloy tubesheet which separates dirty and clean sides of the filter. Similarities of the unit to previously proven technology are illustrated. Extrapolations of the unit from demonstration filters are described. Particular, first of a kind attributes of this filter are discussed in detail including: (1) application of alloys for improved resistance to potential metal dusting, (2) unique fixturing for resistance to seismic events, and (3) first ever provision for in-situ maintenance of internal filter hardware.

97/02264 Hot gas cleanup separating hard and brown coal fly ashes at temperatures up to 850 °C with rigid ceramic barrier filters

97/02264 Hot gas cleanup separating hard and brown coal fly ashes at temperatures up to 850 °C with rigid ceramic barrier filters

97/01182 Hot gas cleanup separating hard and brown coal fly ashes at temperatures up to 850°C with rigid ceramic barrier filters

97/01182 Hot gas cleanup separating hard and brown coal fly ashes at temperatures up to 850°C with rigid ceramic barrier filters

Characterization of the filtration and regeneration behaviour of rigid ceramic barrier filters at high temperatures

The formation of dust cakes and the regeneration of rigid surface filters were investigated under the influence of high temperatures for various dust particles. In particular, the effect of varying the operating parameters of the cleaning system was studied. It became apparent that the cohesive and adhesive characteristics of the dust at high temperatures are of considerable importance with regard to both the permeability of the dust cake and the cake removal results. These conditions and the filtration velocity are usually determined by the process. The parameters of the cleaning system, on the other hand, can be adjusted in such a way as to improve the operating behaviour of the filter. Thus, an increase of the pressure in the cleaning gas reservoir and the filtration of thicker dust layers can improve the regeneration of the filter element.

Characterization of ash and char formations in advanced high temperature particulate filtration systems

Particulate filtration systems are currently being developed for use in advanced coal-fired process applications. In these applications rigid ceramic barrier or fabric bag filters operate at high temperature and pressure in either combustion or gasification environments which contain variably sized ash, char or sorbent fines. The potential exists for gas phase alkali, as well as volatile chloride and sulfur species to also be present in the particulate-laden effluent gas streams. This paper provides a review of the morphology and composition of the ash, char and sorbent fines which deposit in the dust cake layers along ceramic barrier filters in advanced coal-fired combustion and gasification subpilot and demonstration plant test facilities. The presence of condensed alkali, chloride and sulfur species in the ash cake deposit is also explored.

Advanced Hot Gas Cleaning System for Coal Gasification Processes

The United States electric industry is entering a period where growth and the aging of existing plants will mandate a decision on whether to repower, add capacity, or do both. The power generation cycle of choice, today, is the combined cycle that utilizes the Brayton and Rankine cycles. The combustion turbine in a combined cycle can be used in a repowering mode or in a greenfield plant installation. Today’s fuel of choice for new combined cycle power generation is natural gas. However, due to a 300-year supply of coal within the United States, the fuel of the future will include coal. Westinghouse has supported the development of coal-fueled gas turbine technology over the past thirty years. Working with the U.S. Department of Energy and other organizations, Westinghouse is actively pursuing the development and commercialization of several coal-fueled processes. To protect the combustion turbine and environment from emissions generated during coal conversion (gasification/combustion) a gas cleanup system must be used. This paper reports on the status of fuel gas cleaning technology and describes the Westinghouse approach to developing an advanced hot gas cleaning system that contains component systems that remove particulate, sulfur, and alkali vapors. The basic process uses ceramic barrier filters for multiple cleaning functions.