Century Literature Research Articles

Is Half a Century-Based Suturing Pattern Worth the Upgrade? Evaluating a Novel Suturing Technique: Knot Less is More.

The aesthetic outcomes of wise pattern-based breast reduction and mastopexy procedures are significantly influenced by the final scar quality, which is directly impacted by the suturing technique. Over the past century literature on suture placement has remained limited, with little advancement in tissue approximation methods. The success of conventional suturing depends on the surgeon's skills and expertise and the selection of suture material. Proper deep placement of absorbable sutures is essential to reduce risks; in fact, incorrect placement can lead to complications such as poor scar quality and negative psychological effects on the patient, and occasionally more severe issues like delayed wound healing. Our experience with a running suturing technique for wise pattern-based mammoplasty indicates that reducing the number of knots can lead to a better overall experience for both the patient and the surgeon. This technique may improve aesthetic results, decrease complications, and streamline the surgical process.Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Oceanic Cultural Ecofeminism in Sonia Deryangala’s Wave

Resilience is psychological and biological strengths which humans use to master the change successfully (Flach, 2002). It can be defined as the positive capacity of people to cope with disappointments, stress and catastrophe. (Patterson and Kelleher (2005) state that thriving is largely determined by a person’s resilience capacity. Transmuting traumatic experiences have been a central theme in centuries of literature, poetry, and personal narratives (Saakvitne et al, 1998, 281). One such memoir is Sonali Deraniyagala’s Wave which unfolds the harrowing saga of her life after tsunami of December 26th, 2004. The first-person narrative is the recollection of bitter memories when her family stays in a hotel on the seacoast of Yala, Colombo. She is psychologically disturbed by the sudden disappearance of all the members of her family just a day after the Christmas celebrations. She finds it difficult to compromise with the tragic disaster and starts to live in her memories. Surprisingly, she does not surrender herself to the chaos as she develops strength through her resilience. She bounces back the pain of loss through her recollections and seeks refuge in nature. She has good memory power which makes her recollect the incident of disaster very often with minute details. She tries to remember deliberately to endure the pain and does not wish to be consoled by anybody. Her inner strength is very similar to Janet (2014) ‘resilience’ which is defined as the ability to bounce back from adversity, frustration, and misfortune and withstand hardship.

Perception of Iconic Russian Elements by English Speakers: Experimental Data

Introduction. In recent years, the anthropocentric scientific paradigm has been actively developing and the experimental method of research in linguistics is becoming increasingly popular and relevant. This article is devoted to the experiment of studying the process of perception iconic lexis of the unfamiliar language. Scientific novelty of this study is determined both by the selected material and methods of presenting this material for consideration.Methodology and sources. The basis for the experiment was a survey for native English speakers who did not know the language of the target stimuli (Russian). To conduct the experiment, a corpus of verbs of motion was used (546 verbs, 2273 word usages). The corpus was selected from 12 novels of English literature of the 20-21st centuries, as well as contextual translations of these verbs into Russian. During the study, a group of respondents (106 people) of both genders, various social and age groups were offered 20 English contextual uses of phonetically motivated verbs of motion, which were pre-selected from the above-mentioned corpus of verbs. In each sentence, a verb of motion was highlighted, and also a sound recording of two Russian verbs was presented, which was a translation of the highlighted English verb and its synonym. The total number of responses was 2120.Results and discussion. Participants of the experiment were asked to choose one of two Russian words that corresponded to the highlighted English word in the best way. Respondents chose with great confidence 4 iconic verbs of motion out of 15 pairs of synonyms in which only one verb is phonetically motivated. In 3 cases, respondents more often preferred the non-iconic word. The remaining pairs of synonyms were divided approximately equally. The more developed syntax of the Russian language compared to English, which sometimes obscured the sound motivated basis of the word could be a possible reason for this. Conclusion. The results of the experiment show that the perception of phonetically motivated units of an unfamiliar language depends on many factors. Thus, native English speakers who do not speak Russian or who speak it at a minimal level do not perceive Russian iconic vocabulary in all cases. Simultaneously, statistically significant differences in the perception by people of different age groups and gender were not revealed during the experiment.

Pedagogy in the 21st century literature classroom: Teachers’ teaching mechanisms, challenges, and coping mechanisms

Pedagogy in the 21st century literature classroom: Teachers’ teaching mechanisms, challenges, and coping mechanisms

Apologists on Trials: Justin’s Second Apology, the Literary Courtroom, and Pleading Philosophy

Abstract This paper presents a fresh reading of Justin’s Second Apology. It focuses on that text’s narrative sections—the so-called martyrdom of Ptolemaeus and Lucius, and Justin’s own rift with Crescens. It demonstrates both these stories’ intratextual links, and their intertextual ties with contemporary mid-2d century literature—Achilles Tatius’ Greek novel Leucippe and Clitophon, and Apuleius’ Latin Apology. These in turn reveal the sophisticated rhetorical devices Justin employs, his goals in so doing, and the consequences for our understanding of the supposed new genre of Christian “apology.”

Unendlichkeit (Infinity)

This entry argues that, in his poetic as well as theoretical and scientific writings, Goethe adopts a dialectical position vis-à-vis one of the dominant philosophical concepts of the modern age: infinity (Unendlichkeit). While the concept of infinity came to be embraced by the end of the eighteenth century in literature and philosophy, as well as in the powerful tool of infinitesimal calculus, Goethe consistently emphasized the need for a dialectic between the finite and the infinite in which the internal force driving humans and nature beyond all limits must be balanced or counteracted by an equal force drawing them back towards the world of finitude. Goethe depicts this dialectic as both an inherent law of nature and an ethical and existential feature of humanity.

Podcasts as supplementary tools in enhancing teaching-learning in the 21st century literature from the Philippines and the world

This research aimed to determine the mastery level of learners in 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World before and after the implementation of podcasts. The study titled "Podcasts as Supplementary Tools in Enhancing Teaching-Learning in 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World" is considered a quasi-experimental research design. This design utilizes methods and procedures to collect data in a study structured similarly to an experiment. Specifically, the study employed the one-group pretest-posttest design. This study employed a probability sampling technique. The respondents of the study were Grade 11 students in the academic track of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). They encountered 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World as a subject matter available in the university, which is the only literature-related subject that STEM students are taking. The researchers used a pretest and posttest to collect the quantitative data needed for the study. After collecting data from the respondents, the researchers analyzed the quantitative data using statistical methods. The study revealed that the majority of students studying 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World improved their mastery level after using podcasts as supplementary tools in addition to the reading materials provided by their adviser. The students showed engagement and mastery in answering the tests based on the results presented, as there was an increased or significant difference between the pretest and posttest results. It was further found that the podcasts are effective. However, as cited in the scope and limitations of the study, it only investigates the development and evaluation of podcasts as an educational tool, as well as their potential to supplement traditional classroom teaching. Podcasts were not meant to replace lectures but to complement them. Furthermore, the null hypothesis was rejected. Therefore, a significant difference exists between the mastery level of students before and after the implementation of podcasts as supplementary tools. Lastly, this implies that for any instructional materials or teaching approaches to be implemented inside the classroom, their relevance and meaningful connections should be considered to engage the students more and thus promote lifelong learning.

Werther test

The great German writer Johann Wolfgang Goethe became an idol for next generations of writers. The plots of his works were rewritten many times and became a reason for reflections. “The Sorrows of Young Werther” became the most popular work among contemporaries, and gave rise to a fashion for the form of the epistolary novel, as well as established a model of Werther’s behavior as an example to follow. If in the 19th century Goethe was a stable, unchallenged authority for many literary generations, then in the era of modernism writers polemicized regarding the German genius status and his works. In the article, the authors try to trace how the 20th century literature reflects on Goethe and his hero using the example of the long short story “The Narrow Gate” (1907) by Andre Gide (1869–1951), “Tropic of Cancer” (1934) by Henry Miller (1891–1980) and «Lottа in Weimar» (1939) by Thomas Mann (1875–1955).

Towards the end of the Literature Honeymoon: The Late 50s of the 20th Century Literary Relations between China and the Soviet Union

In the 1950s, before the Sino-Soviet relations became hostile and the literary relations between the two countries entered a frozen period, the literary relations between China and the Soviet Union corresponded to the same period at the beginning of the founding of New China, wholesale Soviet union, the theory and the creation followed the Soviet union overall, developed to the late 50s of the 20th century, the Sino-Soviet literary relations dislocated, cooling gradually. What kind changes have taken place at this period, what are the underlying causes? Whether it is right or wrong needs to be discussed from the perspectives of ideology, the situation policy and power relations.

A Comparative Review of Recent Research Progress in Prefabricated Buildings in China and Other Countries

Prefabricated building construction has emerged as a transformative technology in construction engineering and the building industries. However, owing to its research characteristics, the relevant literature on prefabricated buildings is diverse and fragmented. This study offers a comparative review of relevant 21st century literature on prefabricated buildings using VOSviewer1.6.18 software. The research progress and future opportunities about prefabricated buildings were comprehensively analyzed, which provides recommendations for its subsequent development. Through keyword searches on the Web of Science, 3214 documents were identified, and an overall analysis of co-citations and co-authorship was conducted. Additionally, a comparative co-occurrence analysis highlighted the differences between China and other countries. Further elaboration of research hotspots is provided, and three future research directions are proposed: (1) energy conservation and reducing the environmental impact of prefabricated buildings, (2) improving the performance of prefabricated building components, and (3) deepening the understanding of the behavior of prefabricated structures under seismic and dynamic conditions. This study provides practitioners and scholars in the field of construction engineering with a comprehensive overview of the literature on prefabricated buildings and paves the way for future advancements in the industry. The findings of this study can be used to promote prefabricated buildings in the architecture, engineering, and construction industries.

LIVED EXPERIENCES OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PROCESSING LITERARY TEXTS: AN INQUIRY

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to determine the lived experiences, coping mechanisms, and insights of Senior high school students in processing various literary texts in some selected schools in the Division of Davao del Norte. With the increase of public-school students in senior high school in the Division of Davao del Norte, students experienced trouble in analyzing literary pieces given by their teacher, specifically those works that are covered in the 21st Century Literature subject. The study is conducted urgently in lieu of the widespread problem of the majority of the students’ lack of ability to effectively analyze literary texts. I used qualitative research in conducting the study because it is concerned with understanding the particular phenomenon being studied through natural observation and analysis rather than using a controlled measurement. In this study, the participants were the Senior High School Students of the school year 2023-2024. This study was conducted on fourteen (14) senior high school students in the selected public schools in the Division of Davao del Norte, equally divided into seven (7) participants for the In-Depth Interview (IDI), and another seven (7) participants for the Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The findings of the study have managed to mirror the lived experiences of Senior High School students in processing literary texts. As a Senior High School English teacher, My viewpoint on this phenomenon has expanded sufficiently, allowing me to glean richer insights from my participants specifically on how they cope with the experiences and challenges they have encountered from this study. The significant findings that they shared have greatly contributed valuable lessons that I, as an English teacher, find beneficial to internalize and implement in real-world scenarios.

Teacher’s Competence in Teaching 21st Century Literature: Basis for Faculty Development Program

The primary objective of this study was to assess the proficiency of educators instructing Twenty-First Century Literature from the Philippines and the World in senior high schools within Legislative District 2, Division of Isabela, during the academic year 2019-2020. Employing a quantitative research approach, the study adopted a descriptive-comparative method to analyze data. Data collection techniques comprised administering a test on the subject's content covering first-quarter and second-quarter topics and a survey focusing on instructional methodologies and assessment practices. The quantitative analysis centered on delineating respondents' profiles and evaluating their competence levels, emphasizing comparing significant differences in competence levels concerning the content when categorized by selected profile variables. Profile variables were analyzed using frequency and percentages, while the test results involved computing correct responses and corresponding percentages to gauge teachers' competence levels accurately. By employing a quantitative framework, this research seeks to provide insights into the effectiveness of pedagogical practices in teaching Twenty-First Century Literature from the Philippines and the World. Using statistical analysis facilitates a systematic examination of educators' competencies, enabling stakeholders to identify areas for improvement and implement targeted interventions. Ultimately, this study contributes to enhancing the quality of education delivery and promoting better student outcomes within the context of literature instruction in the specified academic setting.

Polish 19th century in the mirror of 21st century literature –meanders of neighbourhood

The article discusses various aspects of the presence of the 19th century in recent Polish literature.It shows the transformation of various aspects of the legacy of that century, related toromanticism and modernism. The 19th century, important as the foundation of Polish culture duringthe partitions, turned into a toxic legacy in modern times. Contemporary Polish writers re-imaginethat century to discover stories that were excluded from the mainstream national narrative. The textsunder discussion show that the 19th century is a „neighbour” surprisingly close to our present day.

FEATURES OF 19th CENTURY LITERATURE: ROMANTICISM AND REALISM

This article is devoted to the peculiarities of world literature of the 19th century, romanticism and realism. The topic of political and social changes, traditions in history and literature in the 19th century is also touched upon. Romanticism is an art born of a brief historical moment of uncertainty, crisis that accompanied the transition from a feudal system to a capitalist system; When by 1830 the outlines of capitalist society were determined, the art of realism replaced romanticism.

Utopian Dreams and Dystopian Realities: Contrasting Visions in 21st Century Literature

Utopian Dreams and Dystopian Realities: Contrasting Visions in 21st Century Literature

Soledad Manero, un espíritu de libertad

"Soledad Manero is a nineteenth-century writer of great prestige in her time, however, over the years the relevance of her work in Mexican literature has been erased. That is why this research aims to give a broad overview of the writer’s work to highlight the contributions she had given to Mexican literature and the importance within the genealogy of Mexican female literature. For this reason, from the concepts of different approaches with a gender perspective such as those of Marcela Lagarde and Judith Butler, it will be shown how Manero relies on Spiritism, to show the relevance of the spirit, beyond of gender and precepts that prevent women from developing.Keywords: Spiritism; women writers; voice and writing; 19th Century literature; female literary bases"

Il fallimento di una vita inabituale: Henry James e la costruzione della «nostra eroina» Isabel Archer


 
 
 This article aims to raise crucial aspects of the philosophy of habit found in late 19th-century literature, particularly through an examination of Henry James’ portrayal of his character Isabel Archer. This goal is pursued through the analysis of two interconnected aspects forming the theoretical core of this contribution. Firstly, the focus is on Isabel Archer’s psychological depiction as a fundamental contribution of the English and American literature on the theme of habit, especially during the latter half of the 19th century. By contextualizing James’ work, exploring links to Peirce’s pragmatist philosophy and habit theory, the centrality of habit reflection in the psychological structuring of characters, interwoven with philosophical and narrative theories of individuality, is revealed. Furthermore, this reflection provides interpretative keys to understanding Henry James’ narrative choices concerning Isabel’s fate in the novel. Then this article directly specifically examines the construction of Isabel’s self which unfolds through the entire narrative events. The interpretative hypothesis guiding the investigation focuses on the connection between Isabel’s attempts to conduct life without habit and the resulting errors in judgment. To support this hypothesis, the importance of comparing key characters such as Gilbert Osmond and Madame Merle is highlighted. Through the narrative, it will emerge a peculiar ontological structure of the concept of habit. Moreover, through the psychological portraits in the novel, a critical exploration of James’ idea of individuality arises — acknowledging social dynamics and the ontological force of habit, rejecting the dichotomy represented by an optimistic individualism and a degenerate conventional life. The conclusion asserts that Isabel’s pursuit of an unhabitual life inevitably leads to failure. The solution does not lie in a rigid, conventional, dichotomous view of habit. Instead, James argues for a dynamic, relational view of habit: a fundamental aspect of being that must be acknowledged to understand the mechanisms that lead us from the variety of possibilities to the limited “actualities” of life. Through these two interrelated perspectives, the article aims to illuminate the psychological depth of Isabel Archer’s character, demonstrating how her story represents a cornerstone in the broader discussion of the nature and evolution of habit in 19th- century literature. From that, it sets the stage for a more comprehensive discussion on habit’s role in shaping characters and narratives during this historical period.
 
 

Modernism living on: periodisation and polarisation

ABSTRACT This article is concerned with the legacy of modernism in twenty-first century literature. It asks: do contemporary experimental literatures signal a new literary epoch distinct from iterations of modernism, late modernism and postmodernism which preceded them? Or can these categories overlap in the twenty-first century novel? Tackling these questions, this article probes the critical underpinnings that structure the perceived or ignored operation of modernism in contemporary literary practice. In doing so, it subjects to scrutiny the literary critical practices of periodisation which have determined the description of twenty-first century fictional innovation as a new era of literary production (metamodernism, remodernism, post-postmodernism, postfiction). In turn, it indicates a frame of continuity and divergence that caters for the relations between the forms of modernism that have appeared over the last century, as well as the forms of modernism that will inevitably follow our current new modernisms.

Әлеуметтік қызметкердің кәсіби құндылықтары

The study of professional values of a social worker is currently one of the topical problems. In the article qualitative analysis of foreign literature of XX-XXI centuries is carried out for comparative analysis of features of professional values of a social worker and its differences from personal values, nature of professional values, responsibility and accountability, value orientations of a social worker. The development of social-emotional skills of social workers, assimilation and strengthening of necessary ethical, aesthetic and emotional values are among the most important activities in this field. This study revealed the following: special importance is given to the formation of desired behavioral, personal, and professional values in accordance with professional standards of social work experience; to date, scientific works in the field of studying and understanding the emotional component and values of a social worker are insufficient; studies of social workers' values are divided into two categories: studies related to the values of social workers and social workers' socialization with the profession of social work. The purpose of this paper is to study the scientific literature to determine the roles and values adopted by social work professionals. The object of the study is a set of professional values of a social worker.

Еволюція форм вираження авторського модусу у французькому романі

The article is devoted to the problem of expressing the author's mode in artistic discourse, and specifically to the types of narrators and their change in French literature of the 19th-21st centuries. The main focus is on the internalized narrator as the leading form of the modern French novel, which receives a polymodal status due to the special contamination of the voices of the author, the narrator and the character. The article continues the development of the theory of textual modality, namely, the analysis of linguistic forms of its presentation in the text is made, the main means of expressing the modal meaning and showing the author's attitude are determined. Among them, the subjective epithet, the techniques of speech dislocation, and inserted elements that enhance the emotionality of the work deserve special attention. The evolution of the forms of presentation of the author's point of view, the linguistic personality of the author as a bearer of a certain culture is studied, the features of the new text structure with contaminated types of speech are highlighted. Attention is focused on the interconnectedness of the categories of modality, reference and axiologicality, their representation in different parts of the composition, as well as such categories as modalization and focalization, which are considered as meaning- and text-forming. Special attention is paid to expressive modality, forms of integral polylogue, subjective psychologism of the story. It turns out that a special role begins to be given to the mode of doubt, uncertainty of meaning, mechanisms of reflection, actualization of the communicative and discursive feature of the story, and subjective evaluation. It was found that the perceptive mode characteristic of the beginning of the story creates a split reference, to which the mode of subjective reflection is added. The assimilation of the author's voice to the character's voice leads to the disappearance of bright figurative forms, but the modality of accentuation and clarification appears. Modes of self-reflection, self-ignorance, contradictions to generally accepted stereotypes, the appearance of which was impossible in previous narrative types, deserve special attention. Keywords: modality, author's mode, narrator, subjectivization, interiorized narrative, novel, French language. Information about author: Smushchynska Iryna Viktorivna – doctor of philology, professor, head of the department of theory and practice of translation of Roman languages of Mykola Zerov; Educational and scientific institute of philology; Kyiv national Taras Shevchenko university.