French Literature Research Articles

Cost-Effectiveness of Empagliflozin (JARDIANCE®) in the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in France, Based on the EMPA-KIDNEY Clinical Trial.

The efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were demonstrated in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, which showed a 28% reduction in combined risks of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.82; p < 0.001) compared with placebo. Based on these results, the present study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of empagliflozin + standard of care (SoC) compared with SoC alone in the treatment of CKD in France. A Markov state microsimulation model was adapted to compare the health and economic outcomes in France, considering a healthcare system perspective, in patients treated with empagliflozin in addition to SoC versus patients treated with SoC alone. The model simulated the intention-to-treat population of the trial, transitioning between 18 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive health states defined based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes classification. For each arm, the model estimated (over a 25-year time horizon) the number of events and deaths, and the costs associated with these events, to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. The resources used were derived using French authorities reports, literature, and French CKD guidelines. Both economic and health outcomes were discounted at a 2.5% annual rate according to French guidelines. The model predicted that using empagliflozin + SoC to treat patients with CKD would prevent CKD-related complications and deaths associated with a cardiovascular event or all-cause deaths while in kidney replacement therapy, resulting on average in a discounted gain of 1.29 years in overall survival (9.48 years vs. 8.19 with SoC alone). Empagliflozin costs (treatment, events, and disease management) were completely offset by the cost savings from avoided kidney failure events. Overall, empagliflozin + SoC would be more effective and less costly than SoC alone and would therefore be the dominant treatment strategy. The sensitivity analyses conducted support the results' robustness in showing the dominance of empagliflozin + SoC over SoC alone. The base-case results indicate that empagliflozin + SoC is a dominant strategy compared with the current SoC for the management of CKD in France. Empagliflozin + SoC would have a positive impact on patients with CKD by slowing CKD progression and leading to the prevention of kidney failure events on top of all-stages CKD complications.

The French-language translated book of Russia of the second third of the 18th century: features of the repertoire and importance for book culture

Importance. The beginning of the process of interaction between Russian and French book cultures was laid by the era of the Europeanisation of Peter I. The Russian autocrat tirelessly sought to bring his country among the leading countries of the world, to smooth out the difference between Russia and the West. The nobility, the most educated stratum of society at that time, was to become the main conductor of the reformer’s advanced aspirations. The aim of the research is to study the significance for the Russian book culture of the French–language translated book of the second third of the 18th century.Materials and Methods. The comparative historical method makes it possible to establish the correlation of the role of French literature in the distribution of printed materials in the Russian Empire. The use of the comparative analysis method, which made it possible to comprehensively study the role of foreign literature in the bookselling process in the Russian Empire of the 18th century, plays an important role in the study.Results and Discussion. The inclusion of a work in the publishing list was conditioned by the community demand, which allows us to speak about the development of the book culture of Russia in the second quarter of the 18th century. In order to capture readers’ mood better, the specialists of the Academy of Sciences found out the specialists’ opinion about publications.Conclusion. By the middle of the 18th century, the Academy of Sciences had prepared translations of valuable treatises on history, literature, mathematics, psychology and pedagogy, enriching Russian book culture with advanced European bestsellers. This period of the Academy’s activity should be regarded as a new stage in the development of book printing in Russia, which created significant prerequisites for the rapid rise of interest in French culture in the second half of the 18th century.

Anterior extrapelvic approaches to the acetabulum.

Anterior approaches to the acetabulum can be distinguished into extrapelvic, intrapelvic and combined extrapelvic and intrapelvic approaches. Historically, the extrapelvic ilioinguinal approach was introduced in the French, English and German literature during the late 60s and became gradually the Gold-standard in treating anterior acetabular fractures. In the meantime, the intrapelvic approach, introduced by the Helsinki group, is favored by many surgeons with ongoing interest allowing direct antero-medial access to the true pelvis below the linea terminalis, to the quadrilateral plate and medial side of the posterior column. More recently, more supero-medial approaches, allowing access to the large and true pelvis have been developed, e.g. the Pararectus approach. The historical development, the value and approach-related results of the ilioinguinal approach are analyzed and discussed.

Co reprezentují historické reprezentace?

The study is concerned with the question of literary historical representations in fiction around 1900 and towards the end of the 20th century. It compares the nature and form of the gnoseological scepticism about the possibilities and meaning of historical knowledge articulated by writers in both these periods. On the basis of a number of texts from Czech, French and British literature the author shows that the genre known as "historical metafiction", which is one medium for the expression of such scepticism, is not just a product of the later 20th century as might appear from the studies by Linda Hutcheon or Ansgar Nünning. Similar reflective texts had been written at the turn of the 19th/20th century, when in the context of the deepening crisis of historicism, writers had expressed a gnoseological scepticism similar to that of contemporary writers influenced by post-modernism. The writers in the early period employed rather different literary strategies, however, and their transformation can be defined as a shift from assertion to performance.

:Courtly and Queer: Deconstruction, Desire, and Medieval French Literature

:<i>Courtly and Queer: Deconstruction, Desire, and Medieval French Literature</i>

The Integration of Vietnamese Literature with French Literature in the Early 20th century: The Case of Writer Hồ Biểu Chánh

To demonstrate some manifestations of the integration of Vietnamese literature (in the case of Hồ Biểu Chánh), specifically with French literature, this paper will highlight the intersection of global and national characteristics in Vietnamese literature at that time, particularly in Hồ Biểu Chánh's adaptation of French literary works. Additionally, the paper employs analytical and synthetic methods to break down the research problems, thereby providing a clearer understanding of Hồ Biểu Chánh's unique features. This approach emphasizes the inheritance, development, and originality in certain aspects of Hồ Biểu Chánh's integration with world literature in the early 20th century.

Organizational and budget impact model (OBIM) of same™ a new autotransfusion medical device

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the budget and organizational impact of progressively replacing the intraoperative cell salvage centrifugation-based systems currently installed in French hospitals with the same™ system, a new autotransfusion medical device. Methods: An Organizational and Budget Impact Model (OBIM) was developed based on two methodological guidelines issued by the French Health Authority (Haute Autorité de Santé, HAS). The OBIM was also developed based on a pragmatic literature review, hospital data and hospital pharmacists’ expertise. Results: Considering an average hospital cohort of 600 cardio-thoracic surgery patients, with 57% experiencing mild hemorrhages, 23% moderate hemorrhages, and 20% massive hemorrhages, and a same™ market share of 33% in Year 1, the implementation of same™ resulted in significant savings. With an average allogeneic transfusion of 4.19 packed red blood cells (RBC) and 0.62 platelet concentrate per patient based on National Hemovigilance Report of the ANSM (French National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products) and when using same™ system a reduction of 45% of RBC transfusion associated with a reduction of 60% and 90% of platelet use for moderate and massive hemorrhages respectively, the first year annual saving amounted to €44,601 and the cumulated saving over 5 years to €535,206. Discussion: This model structure was developed based on overall hospitals’ needs and acknowledged guidelines, with inputs based on French literatures and hospital data, so findings were specifics to a context. Among the inputs, the number of annual same™ procedure is not based on device capability but rather on hospital capability with the number of operating rooms used for cardio-thoracic surgery equipped with the device. Conclusions: The results of this OBIM demonstrated the economic and organizational benefits of same™ for hospitals. This benefit results mainly of a reduction in the use of allogeneic blood products (RBCs, platelets).

THOUGHTS, MAXIMS, CHARACTERS: FRAGMENTATION AS A PRINCIPLE OF MORAL NARRATIVE IN THE 17TH CENTURY FRENCH LITERATURE

The article is devoted to the understanding of the aesthetic phenomenon of the 17th century French literature, which consists in the close connection of the fragmentary form with the ethical content of discourse. The corpus of aphoristic texts created in 1656–1697, i.e. the books “Thoughts” by Blaise Pascal, “Maxims” by François de La Rochefoucauld, as well as “Characters or Mores of the present century” by Jean de La Bruyère are chosen as the object of research. In the process of work we systematise the methods of analysing this phenomenon in the Western and Russian traditions: the “cratylist” approach (Gilbert Romeyer Dherbey and Jean Starobinski), the “medical” method (Louis Van Delft, Mariya Neklyudova), “new publishing schemes” (Emmanuel Bury), as well as “secular” (Robert Garapon). We note the influence of topics which has established itself as a method of scientific discourse and gnomic genres of a didactic nature. In the result, we show that the French aphoristic texts of the 17th century clearly differ from the previous tradition by an attitude towards anthropological aestheticism and the absence of a didactic purpose.

A Scoping Review of Intimate Partner Violence Research in Canada.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is at epidemic levels across low-, middle-, and high-income countries, including Canada, where recent lifetime prevalence indicated that over 40% of women had IPV experiences. In response to this, Canada's federal government has made investments toward IPV prevention and response. We conducted a scoping review of English and French literature identified through searches of multiple databases and specific journals to assess the current state of IPV research in Canada. A total of 267 articles met inclusion criteria of being peer-reviewed research primarily about IPV in either French or English published from 2020 to 2022 with at least one Canadian-affiliated author. Almost a third of studies described services for survivors but did not evaluate service effectiveness. We noted a significant gap in research on the IPV experiences of gender and/or sexual minorities. Canada's federal social science research funding agency was the most common funder, with the two federal government departments with specific IPV funding initiatives in place cited as funding less than 6% of included studies. In general, there remains an overfocus on IPV epidemiology and on descriptions of service use, and not enough research examining the effectiveness and implementation of interventions, especially grounded in theoretical, gendered, and trauma- and violence-informed frameworks. Funders and researchers are encouraged to consider moving resources from ongoing description of well-established factors to assessment and implementation of evidence-informed interventions, and, crucially, primary prevention of IPV and all forms of gender-based violence.

From ontological to relational: A scoping review of conceptions of dignity invoked in deliberations on medically assisted death

BackgroundDignity is omnipresent in Western ethics, but it also provokes dissension and controversy. One of the most striking examples is the debate on medically assisted death, where dignity is invoked to support antagonistic positions. While some authors conclude that the concept is useless as an ethical reference, many others invite us to deepen our analysis from a multidimensional perspective, to enrich it and make it useful. This scoping study is intended to provide an overview of the different conceptions of dignity used in the assisted dying debate, to better grasp the multiple facets of the concept.MethodsThe Joanna Briggs Institute's JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis guided the scoping review. Key words were based on the researchers' expertise and were used to identify relevant literature in French and English. Eleven databases covering the last six decades were consulted. Initially, 2,071 references were found in the databases. After excluding duplicates, screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, and after a specific literature search on the concept of relational dignity, 156 papers were found to match the identified inclusion criteria.ResultsThe literature highlights the stark confrontation between two dominant conceptions of dignity: ontological and autonomist. However, a lesser-known conceptualization of dignity integrates these two perspectives, underlining the relational and social dimensions of dignity. As a result, dignity emerges as a dynamic, experiential, and dialogical concept, that modulates itself according to circumstances. This raises the possibility of breaking through the binary debate and questioning the current frameworks that define dignity.ConclusionsThis multidimensional conceptualization of dignity could lead to a more complete and nuanced understanding of the concept, as well as open richer normative horizons regarding the issue of medically assisted death.

Portrait of the transclasse as a White man: class and race in French contemporary literature

This article examines unacknowledged influence of “ beur literature” (literature produced by second-generation French writers from North African descent) on Hexagonal literature. Whereas at the time of their publication in the 1980s works by authors such as Azouz Begag or Abdellatif Chaouite were dismissed as ethnographic texts largely devoid of artistic value, their autofictional status being invoked as an argument against their literary worth, since the turn of the century, White writers such as Annie Ernaux and Édouard Louis have exemplified and championed the formal significance and political relevance of auto-ethnographies associated with the major new trend of “littérature de terrain” or “littérature d’intervention” in French literature. The article unpacks the changes in critical discourse attendant to the different types of reception afforded texts written by beur authors against those signed by their “French” peers. “Autosociobiographies” enjoy tremendous success when they are published by writers who identify as belonging to the ethnically White majority, thus subtending the dominant ideology of French Republicanism predicated on class matters and “la fracture sociale” to the detriment of the debate around racial and ethnic issues stemming from “la fracture coloniale.”

Book Review: Christina Parker-Flynn: Artificial Generation: Photogenic French Literature and the Prehistory of Cinematic Modernity

Book Review: Christina Parker-Flynn: <i>Artificial Generation: Photogenic French Literature and the Prehistory of Cinematic Modernity</i>

Activating Translation: Louise Varèse’s Illuminations

ABSTRACT Against historically determined conventions that helped launch her career as a translator of French literature in the mid-twentieth century, this article reconsiders Louise Varèse’s translation of Arthur Rimbaud’s Illuminations, published with New Directions in 1946, as activating a range of cultural, historical, and critical interpretations that are not always anticipated by her source text. I read Varèse’s claims about rendering the “prismatic and protean quality” of Illuminations in her Translator’s Note, alongside Marjorie Perloff’s theory of Rimbaud’s “poetics of indeterminacy,” and translation Studies scholar Matthew Reynolds’s prismatic model of translation, to reframe Varèse’s much-lauded “accuracy” as an approach that instead highlights the interdependent relationship between Rimbaud’s French poetic text and its English translation, while also foregrounding Varèse’s historical and cultural intervention. Through a close textual analysis of “Side-Show,” Varèse’s English translation of Rimbaud’s poem “Parade,” and Varèse’s revision of the poem from 1957, I demonstrate the ways Varèse’s translation “activates” Rimbaud’s language for her English readers while thematizing the secondary nature of her translation.

California Dreamin’ : Trois variations sur le lieu

The representation of California in French literature has become increasingly prevalent in the past twenty years. The American West Coast, and particularly the metropolis of Los Angeles, do not conform to an established portrait of the United States centered on New York, Chicago, and the South. This article presents three literary interpretations of California by French authors and puts them in conversation with common preconceptions on the state: its superficiality, its disconnection, its glamor. Laure Murat (Ceci n’est pas une ville, 2016), Jean Rolin (Le Ravissement de Britney Spears, 2011), and Maylis de Kerangal (Naissance d’un pont, 2010) approach Californian spaces and communities through contrasting proximity to their referential truth and for three different narrative aims: Murat composes a meditative autobiography, Rolin an (absurd) spy thriller, and Kerangal a globalized Western. All three confront the “non-spaces” and “blank zones” that define or threaten their narrative environments, looming deserts reputedly hostile to meaning, beauty, and lived experiences. Each author gives particular care to the spatial systems borne of a culture that values diversity, fame, money, and the car.

Factors influencing long-term care facility performance during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic wreaked havoc on long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Some LTCFs performed better than others at slowing COVID-19 transmission. Emerging literature has mostly described infection prevention and control strategies implemented by LTCFs during the pandemic. However, there is a need for a comprehensive review of factors that influenced the performance of LTCFs in containing COVID-19 spread to inform public health policy.ObjectiveTo build on the existing literature, we conducted a scoping review of factors that influenced LTCF performance during the COVID-19 pandemic using a multidimensional conceptual framework of performance.MethodsWe followed the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology for scoping reviews. We queried CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), CAIRN, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed literature in English or French published between January 1st, 2020 and December 31st, 2021. Retrieved records were screened for context (COVID-19 pandemic), population (LTCFs), interest (internal and external factors that influenced LTCF performance), and outcomes (dimensions of performance: equity, accessibility, reactivity, safety, continuity, efficacy, viability, efficiency). Descriptive characteristics of included articles were summarized. Dimensions of performance as well as internal (e.g., facility characteristics) and external (e.g., visitors) factors identified to have influenced LTCF performance were presented.ResultsWe retained 140 articles of which 68% were classified as research articles, 47% originated in North America, and most covered a period between March and July 2020. The most frequent dimensions of performance were “efficacy” (75.7%) and “safety” (75.7%). The most common internal factors were “organizational context” (72.9%) and “human resources” (62.1%), and the most common external factors were “visitors” (27.1%) and “public health guidelines” (25.7%).ConclusionsOur review contributes to a global interest in understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable populations residing and working in LTCFs. Though a myriad of factors were reported, a lack of randomized controlled trials makes it impossible to establish causality between the identified factors and LTCF performance. The use of a multidimensional framework can be recommended to evaluate healthcare system performance not merely in terms of efficacy and safety, but alongside other critical dimensions such as efficiency and equity.Trial registrationResearch Registry ID: researchregistry7026

Filiations abortives : l’avortement dans la littérature française de l’extrême contemporain

ABSTRACT If abortion remains a taboo experience anchored—in social, political and media discourse—in the notion of trauma, French literature of the last decades offers increasingly diversified narratives on the question. Wishing to move away from the binaries that have always animated debates on abortion, several authors reveal a much more varied spectrum of reactions towards this experience, which can be contradictory or ambiguous, combining relief with loss. This article focuses on this more complex vision of abortion through the analysis of three literary works of the last decade: Dix-sept ans by Colombe Schneck (2015); Ligne de partage des eaux by Fabienne Swiatly (2011); and Il fallait que je vous le dise by Aude Mermilliod (2019). After reviewing the discourses circulating around abortion, the article demonstrates how, in these works written in the first person, abortion registers as completion incompletion, leaving its marks in the women who might feel a connection to their foetus. Finally, these texts make it possible to read, see, and imagine a mosaic of abortion experiences. This gives rise to filiations made through the experience of abortion, bringing together women who underwent it and put it into words, and encouraging others to share their stories.

Factors associated with outcomes following microvascular decompression for the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to evaluate pain assessment strategies and factors associated with outcomes after microvascular decompression for the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in adults. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of English, Spanish, and French literature. We searched three databases, PubMed, Ovid, and EBSCO, from 2010 to 2022 and selected studies including patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia, clear pain assessment, and pain outcomes. Population means and standard deviations were calculated. Studies that included factors associated with postoperative outcomes were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 995 studies involving 5673 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia following microvascular decompression were included. Patients with arteries compressing the trigeminal nerve demonstrated optimal outcomes following microvascular decompression (odds ratio [OR]= 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19-0.80; X2 = 46.31; Dof = 15; I2 = 68%; P = < 0.0001). Conversely, when comparing arterial vs venous compression of the trigeminal nerve (OR = 2.72; 95% CI = 1.16-6.38; X2 = 23.23; Dof = 10; I2 = 57%; P = 0.01), venous compression demonstrated poor outcomes after microvascular decompression. Additionally, when comparing single-vessel vs multiple-vessel compression (OR = 2.72; 95% CI = 1.18-6.25; X2 = 21.17; Dof = 9; I2 = 57%; P = 0.01), patients demonstrated unfavorable outcomes after microvascular decompression. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated factors associated with outcomes following microvascular decompression (MVD) for primary trigeminal neuralgia (PTN). Although MVD is an optimal treatment strategy for PTN, a gap exists in interpreting the results when considering the lack of evidence for most pain assessment strategies.

Mot d’ouverture

The 22nd edition of the European Summer School of the OFFRES network (Frenchspeaking Organization for European Training and Research in humanities) in the CAAS (Centre for Advances Academic Studies) in Dubrovnik (23-30.07.2023), under the title “On the usefulness and the disadvantages of adaptation under the aegis of Molière”, aimed to commemorate the 400 years of birth and the 350 years of death of Molière (1622-1673), while transposing the question of adaptation into the field of Humanities. This edition was organized by the network (Chiara Mengozzi, Chiara Pesaresi) and Maja Vukušić Zorica from the University of Zagreb. It brought together professors and specialists in Humanities, Ph.D. and MA students (and this year some BA students), a total of 52 people from 30 countries including 23 professors, 9 foreign Ph.D. students, 1 foreign student and 19 (!) Croatian students of French Language and Literature from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb. All students participated in 6 workshops and presented the results of their work. This edition of the Summer School is presenting for the first time not only the articles of plenary speakers, but also the work of the students with the specialists that led the workshops, which are, for most of them, the crucial first steps in their future scientific career. The University of Zagreb recognized our efforts and awarded 3 ECTS points to this edition of our Summer School.

Tocilizumab-induced psoriatic eruption : a case report and a case-based review.

Cases of psoriasis associated with Tocilizumab (TCZ) are scarce. To describe a new case of TCZ-associated psoriasis and to perform a case-based review of similar cases. We searched Medline/Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Directory of Open Access Journals databases using the terms « Tocilizumab » and « Psoriasis » in the French and English literature. We report a 70-year-old woman with a history of Rheumatoid Arthritis who developed Infliximab-induced plaque psoriatic eruption of the soles and palms, that resolved after Infliximab interruption, then relapsed after TCZ relay, and eventually resolved after TCZ interruption. Including our case, we identified 16 cases of TCZ-induced psoriatic eruption. Three (21%) out of 14 patients had a history of cutaneous psoriasis - data were not available for 2 patients. Eight (50%) patients had previously received TNFα antagonists. TCZ was stopped for 10 patients and continued for 4 patients. For the 2 remaining patients, the interval between two injections of TCZ was shortened. All the patients with available follow-up data had an improvement of the eruption within 4 weeks. To conclude, in case of TCZ-induced psoriatic eruption and in light of the published cases, we suggest using topical steroids and reassessing the patient 4 weeks later. If no healing is obtained, we suggest stopping TCZ, and treating the underlying disease with another drug. When no other drug is available, while waiting for more data regarding the value of IL-6 levels, it can be discussed to increase TCZ regimen, as it has been successful for 2 authors. Efficacy assessment of the chosen attitude should not take place before 4 weeks.

ROMAN QARİNİN “ÇİNGİZ XAİMANIN RƏQSİ” ROMANINDA POSTMODERNİST ELEMENTLƏR

Postmodernist Elements in Romain Gary’s Novel “The Dance of Genghis Cohn” Summary An outstanding representative of French literature of the 20th century, Romain Gary’s literary career is distinguished by its variety and color. The writer periodically presents the problems of the time he lived in and the Jewish identity to which he belongs. Also in his works “The dance of Genghis Cohn” highlighted the German-Jewish problem in a unique way. Using various principles of the postmodern novel, Romain Gary has created an interesting novel. From this point of view, the article first gives brief information about postmodern literature, and then analyzes the novel. Key words: Postmodernism, French literature, irony, the grotesque, the Holocaust