Century Edition Research Articles

The 15-th century edition of the Pauline missal as a source for Gregorian chant history

There exist only few medieval codices containing musical notation for the Mass in the Pauline rite. The significant source for further research of the Pauline liturgical music is Missale Eremitarum S. Pauli printed by Johannes Amerbach about 1490. The objective of this article is to discuss the blank spaces left especially for the addition of handwritten neumes. The space for musical notation was prepared by the printer for parts of the Ordinarium Missae, in ceremonies of the Palm Sunday and Good Friday. In six remaining copies of the missal the neumes were inscribed in various ways. The study of the provenance shows that these copies were used in the monasteries in several countries.

Schola Aquitanica (1583): Latin grammar and Renaissance tradition

The main objective of this article is to make a discussion on the category of analysis of linguistic thought (SWIGGERS, 2013), having as an object of studies the period of Portuguese Renaissance humanism. To develop this investigation, my theoretical and methodological model is derived from the discipline of Historiography of Linguistics (KOERNER, 1996, BATISTA, 2019). Thus, my specific objective is to analyze the current of thought of Portuguese Renaissance humanism from a specific textual source, the document known as Schola Aquitanica, published in 1583. This document is a school regiment with the didactic orientation of classes and methods to teach humanities, used at the Collège de Guyenne in the 16th century. His editio princeps is entitled Schola Aquitanica (SANTOS, 2021), having as author Élie Vinet (1509-1587), a French humanist. However, in the 16th century edition, there is a more specific internal title: Docendi Ratio in Ludo Burdigalensi (the order of studies at the College of Bordeaux), which is also known in French as Le Program d’Études du Collège de Guyenne (the program of studies at the College of Guyenne).

As a Man Thinketh: 21st Century Edition: The Wisdom of James Allen [Book review

As a Man Thinketh: 21st Century Edition: The Wisdom of James Allen [Book review

RESEARCH ON THEMATIC MAPS IN THE NEW CENTURY EDITION OF THE NATIONAL GEOMATICS ATLAS OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Abstract. The National Geomatics Atlas is the first volume of the new century edition of the National Huge Atlas of the People's Republic of China, and is one of the important achievements of this research and development project. The National Geomatics Atlas consists of four thematic map groups and one place name index, such as the sequence map group, the political terrain map group, the land cover map group and the city map group. The research object of this paper is the thematic maps, which are mainly distributed in the sequence map group, the land cover map group and the city map group. This paper is aimed at the design and compilation of thematic maps, including a brief introduction of thematic maps selection, layout design, thematic map technical process, and thematic symbol design.

TAMIL NAAVALAR – PIRATHIPOTA AARAYCHI

Ancient Tamil texts ascended to the nineteenth century edition. Subsequently, when there is a reprint or text to the book, there may be some changes to the book, depending on the value and need of a book. The changes that have been made continue to this day. Some of these changes make some mistakes in the version. False versions cause the author to misunderstand the material. For example, the syllables found in the versions that are considered to be one of these types of mistakes are "'yenri' is 'yinri', 'woozhi kalathir’ is ‘woozhi kaaaththu’, ‘yaahavum’ is ‘yaahiyum’, ‘vaaimaiyir’ is ‘vaaimaiyung’ ‘themmaiyung’ is ‘themmai’" They found the text in the Tamil novelist story explaining the proposed article. Moreover, the descriptive and comparative analysis have been used for this article.

The Gloss to the Saunteen Kesta (Seventeen Statutes) of the Frisian Land Law

Summary The Seventeen Statutes is one of the oldest classical texts of Old Frisian Law. In its late fifteenth century edition, as part of the Frisian Land Law, it was provided with Latin glosses. Analysis of these glosses, which were scarcely investigated until now, enables us to pronounce with more certainty upon the date of both the Frisian Land Law, as a compilation, and its Gloss. Moreover, the glosses to the Seventeen Statutes reflect a considerable increase of ecclesiastical competence, point to certain principles of Romano-canonical procedure and use Roman law texts when applying provisions of indigenous law. This all may indicate a stronger presence of learned law in late medieval Friesland than previously assumed.

Dzienniczek podróży Antoniego Edwarda Odyńca. Kilka uwag o pierwodruku i potrzebie nowej edycji

A journal by Antoni Edward Odyniec, written during voyages around Europe in the years 1830–1832, is an important source for the history of literature, from which both past and present researchers have gained knowledge on the lives of the journey’s participants. Readers are provided with fragments of text published in journals during the 80’s of the 19th century ( Notes from a journey to Paris and London by Antoni Edward Odyniec , „Klosy” 1889, no. 1246, 1247) and in the 30’s of the 20th century (S. Balinski, “See you in Lithuania”. From Odyniec’s travel journal , „Wiadomości Literackie” 1934, no. 1), as well as the first print of the whole in the form of a book, published along with other manuscripts of a collector Tomasz Niewodniczanski in 1989 ( Mickiewicziana in the collection of Tomasz Niewodniczanski in Bitburg , vol. 1: Letters of Adam Mickiewicz to Antoni Edward Odyniec and other addressees 1828–1852. “Travel journal” by Antoni Edward Odyniec 1830–1832. Letters and poems by Celina of Szymanowski Mickiewicz 1834–1848 , foreword by T. Niewodniczanski, introduction and edition by M. Danilewicz Zielinska, Warsaw 1989). For interested scholars there is also a manuscript, which is well-preserved and currently stored in the Royal Castle Museum Archives in Warsaw. This paper is aimed, on the one hand, at familiarizing readers with the history of the journal itself and its complicated history, and, on the other hand, at taking a closer look at its 20th century edition and making an outline of a new one. The article also attempts to answer the question of whether the available edition meets the expectations of a contemporary reader. Is it necessary to make a separate edition, which will also verify and supplement the literary commentary in the light of the present state of knowledge?

Solino in onciale

This paper deals with the recent discovery of a very old Latin fragment in the binding of a 16th century edition now kept in Tolmezzo, in North-Eastern Italy. Despite its poor preservation state, the analysis of its palaeographical features and the reading of its few lines have led to the conclusion that it is a 5th century fragment of Caius Iulius Solinus’ Collectanea rerum memorabilium in old-style uncials, with contemporary corrections in cursive script. The most ancient codices of Solinus’work known so far dating to the 9th century, this fragment is the only manuscript evidence of its circulation in the Late Antiquity. A copy and collation with Mommsen’s edition are also provided.

Edycja pierwszej mowy Erazma Ciołka (1474−1522) wygłoszonej w Rzymie wobec papieża Aleksandra VI

This paper presents the first critical edition of the first political speech by an important representative of the Polish Renaissance, Erazm Ciolek. He came to the Holy See with a diplomatic mission from the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Alexander Jagiellon, and delivered his oration before Pope Alexander VI in March 1501. As a young diplomat of little experience, he faced a difficult task: under the pretext of paying the tribute of obedience to the Pope, which was the mission’s official purpose, he was supposed to broach the subject of a religious union between the Lithuanian Orthodox Church and the papacy in order to deprive Moscow of the argument to instigate war. Despite his initial reluctance to accept Ciolek, the Pope much appreciated his oratorical talent. It is likely that the speech was first printed the same year in Rome, because as a print it could have had a greater outreach and thus helped the delegate achieve his political objective. However, even though the oration was highly regarded by the addressee, it has never been thoroughly studied. It has only been mentioned in a few historical studies. No critical edition with a proper commentary that would enable a wider audience to understand the content of Ciolek’s performance has ever appeared. This paper contains an edition of the Latin text of the speech based on its 16th century edition. The critical apparatus also includes all variants of the manuscript. The Polish translation was also provided with appropriate philological and historical comments. What is more, the introduction discusses the structure of the speech, or the orator’s thread of persuasion. Both the introduction and the commentary to the translation are based largely on historical sources

16th Century Chronicle to 21st Century Edition: A Review of The Diary of Henry Machyn

16th Century Chronicle to 21st Century Edition: A Review of The Diary of Henry Machyn

Acting power: the 21st century edition

‘Robert Cohen’s book, Acting Power, follows the tradition of his other book, Acting One, and has been the veritable bible for acting teachers for the last quarter century.’ – David Krasner, Emerson College ‘This book, above all else, is an attempt to explore the qualities of acting power.... to suggest to you, the actor, an approach toward not merely good acting but powerful acting. Great actors display the power to frighten – and the power to seduce – and can shift between the one and the other like a violinist can her notes.’ – From the Preface The first edition of Acting Power was a groundbreaking work of acting theory which applied sociological and psychological principles to actor training. The book went on to influence a generation of theatre and performance studies students and academics, and was translated into five languages. This carefully revised 21st Century Edition (re)considers, in the context of today’s field: questions such as ‘should actors act from the inside or the outside?’ and ‘should the actor live the role or present the role?’; contemporary research into communication theory, cybernetics, and cognitive science; brilliantly illuminating and witty exercises for solo study and classroom use, and a through-line of useful references to classic plays; penetrating observations about the actor’s art by more than 75 distinguished professional actors and directors. Cohen’s elegant and rigorous updates emphasise the continuing relevance of his uniquely integrated and life-affirming approach to this field. The new edition draws on his extraordinarily rich career as teacher, scholar, director, translator and dramaturg. It is a recipe for thrilling theatre in any genre.

Robert Cohen, Acting Power: The 21st Century Edition

(2013). Robert Cohen, Acting Power: The 21st Century Edition. Stanislavski Studies: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 296-300.

John Kyngston and Fabyan’s Chronicle (1559)

The chronicle of Robert Fabyan, one of the best known historical works of the 16th century, appeared in four posthumous editions, 1516, 1533, 1542, and 1559. John Kyngston, a prolific London printer, produced two versions: the 1559 edition and also revised and extended it for the years 1542-1559. Today Kyngston's work is the most widely cited 16th century edition of Fabyan's Chronicle. This essay examines the two versions of the chronicle, the new narrative, as well as editorial emendations to the 1542 text. Kyngston acknowledged the assistance of only two persons, Robert Recorde, the Tudor mathematician and sage, whose work he had previously printed and the Geman scholar, Johann Funck. Internal evidence, however, indicates that Kyngston's narrative drew on the work of another contemporary printer and chronicler, John Mychell of Canterbury. Historians have generally neglected the role of printers as chroniclers. In addition to Kyngston and Mychell, other 16th century printers including Richard Grafton and Robert Crowley contributed to chronicle scholarship. A study of Kyngston's work reveals his importance as a chronicler and his role in the formation of the national history.

The XXIst Century (the 100th Anniversary) Edition of the "New studies on Triassic Siphoneae verticillatae" by Julius von PIA

This 21st century edition of Julius von Pia's 1912 memoir entitled Neue Studien uber die triadischen Siphoneae verticillatae is brought to you by B. Granier (editing, photomicrographs) and N.J. Sander (translation). The artwork is due to A. Lethiers and B. Granier. The original 24 text-figures and 7 plates [II-VIII] were converted into 125 discrete photomigraphs, 5 figures and 56 videos.

Uniquely unaccountable: multinational corporations and human rights

FOCUS □ BUSINESSAND HUMANRIGHTS Uniquely unaccountable: multinational corporations and human rights I companies and national jurisdiction civil accountable entity the Courts or corporate effective is criminal borders across barely over lack law to effective jurisdictionover companies across nationalborders and the corporate entity is barely accountable to civilorcriminal law DANIEL BLACKBURN isDirector off ICTUR in London. Daniel is aUK-qualified lawyer and was awarded adistinction and academic prize for his MA thesis on the legal history off business and human rights The Shell accused stories in of Nigeria; were complicity everywhere: a host inhuman of Bhopal multinationals rights inIndia; violaShell in Nigeria;a host of multinationals accusedofcomplicity inhumanrights violationsinColombia ;yetfurther companies that left workforcesand even whole communities wrackedwithasbestosis. Itwas wellknownthat corporationswere having these impacts. A panoplyof environmental degradation, poverty, disease,and death. Attempts tosecurejustice incourts oflawoften failed on 'technical' grounds. Itisuseful toexaminewhythelegalactionsfailed , as thelegalbarriers arenotall that wellunderstood, despitethe huge circusof consultancy 'expertise' thatnow surrounds anything bearingthe name 'business and humanrights'. They are rathertechnical, bringing in elementsof normally quite distinct fieldsof legal practice, but it is notdifficult to identify themajorproblems thatexist. Courtsand theirjurisdictions Thereare,broadly speaking, threeissuesrelated tocourts and their jurisdictions: WHomeStatecourts lackjurisdiction over companies operating abroad B HostStatecourts maybe ineffective or inaccessible ■ International courts lackdirect jurisdiction overprivate actors Underthe international humanrights treaties adoptedin themid-20th Century thereare clear linesofresponsibility placeduponratifying States to ensurethat, within their jurisdictions, corporationsrespect humanrights law. Butthelinesof responsibility placedon corporations orother privateactors arelessclear.Evenwheretreaties seem to addressas duty-bearers 'all organsof society' (as is thecase withtheUniversal Declaration of Human Rights)such responsibilities are not matchedby enforcement systems. While there exist complaintsproceduresand international courtsthatmonitor complianceby Stateswith human rights treaties, there areno courts andfew procedures that specifically addresscorporations. The State-centric enforcement mechanisms of theinternational humanrights instruments are a product oftheir time.Sixty yearsago theworld was a very different place:theSecondWorld War andtheColdWaremphasised theroleofStates as themajorpowerbrokers, whileStatesplayeda larger roleinmostaspectsofthelivesoftheir citizens ,forexamplebyproviding services directly. Sincethe1980sdramatic changeshavere-configuredtherelative powerofprivate business. In all regions oftheworldthere has been privatisation on a massivescalesincethen.The idea thatcorporationshave human rightsobligationshas becomemoreurgent, andmorewidely accepted. But the international legal machinery has not changed.The human rightstreatieshave not establishedeffective enforcement processesto supervisenon-State actors.International human rights lawas itstands does notcreatean effective regime forholding corporations toaccount. To bridge theregulatory gapordinary domestic law concepts of crime and torthave been employedby humanrights lawyersas mechanisms tosecureaccountability. Actions havebeen commencedin nationalcourts,and in these courts a further setofchallenges applied. The company as an entityinlaw Thereare threeissuesrelatedto thelegalconceptualisation ofthecompany as an entity: MLegalpersonality V Limited liability Corporate groupstructures Beforethemid-19th Century itwas somewhat easiertofixcivilliability on corporations. Inmost casesanydamageswouldbe metbythefunds of thecompany. Ifthecompany didnothavesufficientfundsthe shareholders would have been personally liable.Mostofthoseinvesting incommercial operations therefore hada strong personal incentive to be waryofthebusinessincurring liabilities. An exception came in theform ofthe East India Company,which receivedan early form oflimitation ofliability toencourage investment initspioneering proto-Empire building, perceivedas an activity carrying exceptional risk. Themodern Company Lawframework changed allthis. Separation ofthecorporate entity as a legal persondistinct from itsshareholders and,shortly thereafter, theintroduction oflimited liability transformed therelationship betweenrisk andresponsibility . Fromthismoment onwardsshareholders bore no financial responsibility, otherthanthe valueoftheir shares, for thedebts ofthecompany. A 19th Century edition ofTheLawTimes described the newlycreatedlimited liability as a 'Rogues Charter'. This dubious principle is now firmly embedded throughout globalcapitalism. Corporations use businessseparation andlimited liability to thefullest extent and deftly avoid manycivillaw actionsbased on principles such as negligence.Companiesinvolvedwithhazardoussubstances chose legalstructures specificallyto shieldhigher tiercompanies from liabilitiesincurred by lowertiercompanies(such as thosearising from exposureto hazardsofworkersand third parties). Although lawyers insome cases manage to build complexarguments to INTERNATIONAL limon rights Pa9e 22Volume 19Issue 4201 2 overcomethisobstacle,the highestUK courts haveexplicitly stated thattheuse ofsuchcorporatestructures willnormally serveas an effective barrier to liability untilsuch timeas thelaw is changedbyParliament. Theability ofthecriminal lawtoholdcorporationsto accountis similarly restricted by absurd legal problems dating back centuries.17th Century English lawcharacterised corporations as 'persons' lacking a 'soul'.Criminal lawrequired a 'soul'(oratleast,a 'mind', sincemental culpability was,and remains, a keyingredient ofoverall criminal responsibility formanyoffences). Asthe corporation literally could not formcriminal intentit was thus untouchableby the law. Through themediumof theBritish Empirethis legal muddlewas perpetuated aroundhalfthe globe. Eventually some criminalliability was introduced as thecourts, plainlyfrustrated with the'souls'and 'minds' question, foundthatcompanies could commitnon-intentional crimes, suchas theold criminal tort ofmisfeasance. But evenin2012pinning criminal liability on a companyintheUKcanbe difficult due tothelackof a...

Keep Watching the Skies! American Science Fiction Movies of the Fifties (21st century edition)

Keep Watching the Skies! American Science Fiction Movies of the Fifties (21st century edition)

Massendigitalisierung deutscher Drucke des 16. Jahrhunderts - Ein Erfahrungsbericht der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek

This article provides a detailed report of experience and knowledge gained in the context of the digitization of more than 20,000 16th century books from 2006 to June 2009 at the Bavarian State Library (BSB). The digitization of books printed in the 16 th and 17 th century in the German speaking area and catalogued in VD16 and VD 17 takes place in the context of an action line defined by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The BSB seeks to digitize a copy of each 16 th century edition available in its collection. In the course of the project the digitization process has been optimized in order to satisfy preservation and conservation requirements and to ensure a good quality digitization of each historical item in a reasonable time. Therefore a robot scanner has been in use since 2007.The authors provide detailed information ― in view of both the various features of the early printed materials and the effect of the adaptations and improvements in available scan technology ― and statistical data which enable a correct calculation of the costs for digitizing early book collections. In principle every early printed book can be digitized, but ― depending upon the individual features of the copy - this requires different procedures of varying efficiency to be employed which, hence, have an immediate effect on digitization costs.

Watchmakers and Clockmakers of the World (Complete 21st Century edition)

Watchmakers and Clockmakers of the World (Complete 21st Century edition)

A Problematic Subject: Afghanistan in Two Contemporary Travel Accounts

Afghanistan has long been the subject of writing by British travellers. Robert Byron’s classic The Road to Oxiana, a twentieth-century text which has influenced several generations of travel writers, focuses on Afghanistan as a place of marvels, both in terms of culture and architecture. Bruce Chatwin’s open admiration for Byron led him to write the introduction to a late-twentieth century edition of The Road to Oxiana; he also wrote a recommendation of one of the books that this article disc...

Fremdes wahrnehmen, fremdes Wahrnehmen

Harms, Wolfgang, and C. Stephen Jaeger, eds. wahrnehmen, fremdes Wahrnehmen. Stuttgart: Hirzel, 1997. 280 pp. DM 84.00 paperback. The goal of this book is stated at the beginning of the editors' two-page foreword: Das Thema `Fremdes wahrnehmen-fremdes Wahrnehmen' soil in mehrfacher Weise Besonderheiten in mittelalterlicher and fruhneuzeitlicher Literatur and Kultur erkennbar machen (7). The fifteen essays it contains are based on the proceedings of three conferences on the topic Fremdes wahrnehmen-fremdes Wahrnehmen held between 1992 and 1995 in Germany and the United States, at which scholars from North America and Germany presented their research and, in the spirit of the topic, engaged the by discussing their differing experiences in the areas of teaching and research. A brief survey of the articles demonstrates the very broad literary and cultural range of this book. One of the important ways of encountering the Fremde is assimilation. Wright's essay, the only one in this volume in English, shows how medieval scholars assimilated the late fourthcentury fables of the poet Avianus, infamous on account of their awkward prosody and ridiculous pretension (10), to the liberal arts curriculum-basically by re-writing them, while Lieb shows how Sebastian Brant's early sixteenth century edition of the Esopus-Additiones shows signs of being transformed from a moralistic fable into a Schulbuch fur den humanistischen Gelehrten (253). There are numerous examples of the Fremde functioning to offirm the existing social and political order. In his analysis of a Middle High German version of the legend of St. Brendan (produced ca. 1300), Demmelhuber shows how an epistemological system based on the traditional truths of books, when shaken by the rise of empiricism, reAffirms itself by means of the production of a phantom empiricism that rediscovers those same truths. Two insightful analyses of Gottfried's Tristan reveal the interests of courtly power relations in the depiction of the Fremde: Kucaba's study of the trial of the glowing iron as a h6fisch inszenierte Wahrheit that serves the preservation of King Marke's honor, and Hutfilz's examination of the Minnegrotte as a pastoral space that ultimately serves to preserve courtly values. Similarly, Friedrich shows in his study of the Strassburger Alexander as an Uberwindung der Natur that the depiction of the Fremde ultimately functions to re-affirm interests of the feudal power structure. Finally, Vogel's study of the lyrics of Neidhart focuses on the perspectives of the Riuwenthaler and the Dorper as aesthetic constructions that enable feudal-aristocratic audiences to imagine a Fremde that is safely removed from their own world (176). Other articles tend to see the Fremde as functioning to question or undo the social order. …