Centripetal Movement Research Articles

Particle dispersion in turbulent sedimentary duct flows

A simplified geometric model of a circular tube with a sedimentary layer is proposed and named as sedimentary duct. Based on h = 1/4d (h is the thickness of sedimentary layer and d is the pipe diameter), the flow field (Re = 40000) and particle distribution (5, 10, 50 μm and St = 0.6, 2.5, 63) in the sedimentary duct are simulated using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) coupled with Lagrange Particle Tracking (LPT) method. As a result, four streamwise eddies are found in the sedimentary duct as distributed in pairs near the corner. The eddy center near ceiling is found to be farther from the corner than that from the floor. Small particles (5 μm, St = 0.6) tend to move with the secondary flow as their upward movements distribute in both sides. Their centripetal movement is near the floor and preferential distribution near the top. For large particles (50 μm, St = 63), it is the drag force that dominates their motion while for medium particles (10 μm, St = 2.5) lift force may have significant influence on their motion. This study is the first work to investigate the characteristics of particle behavior in turbulent sedimentary duct flows.

Glocalization as the dominant trend in the development of socio-political being: conflict models and constructs

Being a complex dialectical interaction process for differently directed social centrifugal and centripetal movements, glocalization leads to a significant transformation of political being and consciousness (Chumakov, 2016). Being a natural reaction to the developing unification narrative, the localization and differentiation tendencies, on the other hand, become a causal basis of the struggle for overcoming differences. Both trends symbolize, within their frameworks, the basic values of each narrative and create their political mythologies, each of which has an impact on the collective stratum of consciousness and, as a consequence, on a certain model of socio-political behavior of individuals. Political "myths of global unity" lead the core constructions of political and social being - the nation and the state - to a decrease in their authority and legitimacy level; at the same time, the "mythology of difference", while preserving the dominant political values, reorients them to local manifestations, also losing their connection with the central elements of the political matter. Thus, special conflictual forms of development are formed in contemporary society and are conditioned by both real objective preconditions and artificially generated constructs. Socio-political being, therefore, is in a state of dialectical equilibrium and develops within the conflict paradigm.

LFA-1 and kindlin-3 enable the collaborative transport of SLP-76 microclusters by myosin and dynein motors.

Integrin engagement within the immune synapse enhances T cell activation, but our understanding of this process is incomplete. In response to T cell receptor (TCR) ligation, SLP-76 (LCP2), ADAP (FYB1) and SKAP55 (SKAP1) are recruited into microclusters and activate integrins via the effectors talin-1 and kindlin-3 (FERMT3). We postulated that integrins influence the centripetal transport and signaling of SLP-76 microclusters via these linkages. We show that contractile myosin filaments surround and are co-transported with SLP-76 microclusters, and that TCR ligand density governs the centripetal movement of both structures. Centripetal transport requires formin activity, actomyosin contraction, microtubule integrity and dynein motor function. Although immobilized VLA-4 (α4β1 integrin) and LFA-1 (αLβ2 integrin) ligands arrest the centripetal movement of SLP-76 microclusters and myosin filaments, VLA-4 acts distally, while LFA-1 acts in the lamellum. Integrin β2, kindlin-3 and zyxin are required for complete centripetal transport, while integrin β1 and talin-1 are not. CD69 upregulation is similarly dependent on integrin β2, kindlin-3 and zyxin, but not talin-1. These findings highlight the integration of cytoskeletal systems within the immune synapse and reveal extracellular ligand-independent roles for LFA-1 and kindlin-3. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

The Actin-Disassembly Protein Glia Maturation Factor γ Enhances Actin Remodeling and B Cell Antigen Receptor Signaling at the Immune Synapse.

Signaling by the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) initiates actin remodeling. The assembly of branched actin networks that are nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex exert outward force on the plasma membrane, allowing B cells to form membrane protrusions that can scan the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The resulting Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin retrograde flow promotes the centripetal movement and progressive coalescence of BCR microclusters, which amplifies BCR signaling. Glia maturation factor γ (GMFγ) is an actin disassembly-protein that releases Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin filaments from actin networks. By doing so, GMFγ could either oppose the actions of the Arp2/3 complex or support Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin polymerization by contributing to the recycling of actin monomers and Arp2/3 complexes. We now show that reducing the levels of GMFγ in human B cell lines via transfection with a specific siRNA impairs the ability of B cells to spread on antigen-coated surfaces, decreases the velocity of actin retrograde flow, diminishes the coalescence of BCR microclusters into a central cluster at the B cell-APC contact site, and decreases APC-induced BCR signaling. These effects of depleting GMFγ are similar to what occurs when the Arp2/3 complex is inhibited. This suggests that GMFγ cooperates with the Arp2/3 complex to support BCR-induced actin remodeling and amplify BCR signaling at the immune synapse.

EVALUATION OF BLOOD OXYGEN SATURATION OF HIGH JUMPERS BASED ON ISOKINETIC TEST

ABSTRACT Introduction: An isokinetic test refers to the test of the force of a muscle or muscle group during centripetal and centrifugal movements at a constant speed in the whole range of joint motion by means of a isokinetic force tester. Objective: To explore the application of the knee centripetal flexor and extensor muscle groups in the blood oxygen saturation of high jumpers. Methods: Eighteen teenage female high jumper athletes above level 2 in a city sports school were selected. Their ages was 16.89±1.02 years old; height, 168.31±6.32cm; weight, 55.36±6.75kg. Results: At 60° S and 120° S test speed, the peak moment of the extensor muscle group on the same side of the knee was significantly greater than that of the flexor muscle group (P<0.05), while at 240° S test speed, it was the opposite. There was a significant difference in the peak moment of the flexor muscle group on the left and right side of the knee (P<0.01). Conclusions: The function of the dynamic muscle strength test system is one of the methods of studying the human muscle function. and can be used to test and evaluate the general strength of athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

The actin-disassembly protein glia maturation factor γ enhances actin remodeling and B cell antigen receptor signaling at the immune synapse

Abstract Signaling by the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) initiates actin remodeling. The assembly of branched actin networks that are nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex exert outward force on the plasma membrane, allowing B cells to form membrane protrusions that can scan the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The resulting Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin retrograde flow promotes the centripetal movement and progressive coalescence of BCR microclusters, which amplifies BCR signaling. Glia maturation factor γ (GMFγ) is an actin disassembly-protein that releases Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin filaments from actin networks. By doing so, GMFγ could either oppose the actions of the Arp2/3 complex or support Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin polymerization by contributing to the recycling of actin monomers and Arp2/3 complexes. We now show that depleting GMFγ in human B cell lines impairs the ability of B cells to spread on antigen-coated surfaces, decreases the coalescence of BCR microclusters into a central cluster at the B cell-APC contact site, and reduces APC-induced BCR signaling. These effects of depleting GMFγ are similar to what occurs when the Arp2/3 complex is inhibited. This suggests that GMFγ cooperates with the Arp2/3 complex to support BCR-induced actin remodeling and amplify BCR signaling at the immune synapse.

The Wdr1-LIMK-Cofilin Axis Controls B Cell Antigen Receptor-Induced Actin Remodeling and Signaling at the Immune Synapse.

When B cells encounter membrane-bound antigens, the formation and coalescence of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) microclusters amplifies BCR signaling. The ability of B cells to probe the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and respond to APC-bound antigens requires remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Initial BCR signaling stimulates actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization, which drives B cell spreading as well as the centripetal movement and coalescence of BCR microclusters at the B cell-APC synapse. Sustained actin polymerization depends on concomitant actin filament depolymerization, which enables the recycling of actin monomers and Arp2/3 complexes. Cofilin-mediated severing of actin filaments is a rate-limiting step in the morphological changes that occur during immune synapse formation. Hence, regulators of cofilin activity such as WD repeat-containing protein 1 (Wdr1), LIM domain kinase (LIMK), and coactosin-like 1 (Cotl1) may also be essential for actin-dependent processes in B cells. Wdr1 enhances cofilin-mediated actin disassembly. Conversely, Cotl1 competes with cofilin for binding to actin and LIMK phosphorylates cofilin and prevents it from binding to actin filaments. We now show that Wdr1 and LIMK have distinct roles in BCR-induced assembly of the peripheral actin structures that drive B cell spreading, and that cofilin, Wdr1, and LIMK all contribute to the actin-dependent amplification of BCR signaling at the immune synapse. Depleting Cotl1 had no effect on these processes. Thus, the Wdr1-LIMK-cofilin axis is critical for BCR-induced actin remodeling and for B cell responses to APC-bound antigens.

FACE THREATENING ACTS (FTAs) IN AIPAC POLITICAL ANNUAL SPEECHES BETWEEN 2006 AND 2012

Face Threatening Acts are politeness forms which have been struggled over in the past and now as they are pragmatically deemed relevant in identifying centripetal and centrifugal movements exerted by political actors on their interlocutors. The findings on approaching political discourse from politeness perspective have been controversial and ranged from being confined to the interactional level to negotiating implicit power relations.This present study offers a politeness theoretical framework to examine AIPAC political annual speeches between 2006 and 2012. The target of this research is to understand which politeness strategies political actors deploy when addressing the audience and how these political speakers please the other and fulfill political ends. The results display an over-reliance on Face Threatening Acts on record with redressive action at the expense of Face Threatening Acts on record without redressive action and Face Threatening Acts off record. Positive politeness, notably expressive speech acts, play an inclusive role, gain the audience sympathy and reshape public opinion. The study fills the gap in the study of the impact of positive politeness on political discourse and calls for the consideration of expressive speech acts as means of power negotiation rather than mere interaction.

Centrifugal–Centripetal Dynamics in the Dialogical Self: A Case Study of a Boundary Experience in Teacher Education

The dialogical self is conceptualized as a dynamically shifting collection of relatively autonomous I-positions. A boundary experience is an event or situation where tension experienced between conflicting I-positions leads to reconfiguration within the dialogical self. In a boundary experience, uncertainty or a challenge can trigger decentering (centrifugal) movements which can disrupt the self’s contingent stability. These movements can be counterbalanced by centering (centripetal) movements aimed at restoring continuity and consistency. Investigating a boundary experience as a process in motion, this individual case study explores centrifugal–centripetal dynamics in the dialogical self of a preservice teacher during a challenging school placement. Data used in the study derives from reflective/reflexive writing in the form of daily contributions to an online discussion between the participant and a dialogue partner. Findings point to the presence of two alternately complementary/conflicting I-positions in the participant’s teacher identity system and shed light on the roles played by meta- and promoter positions in addressing identity tensions. Recognizing how a boundary experience can be distributed across a range of events, each of which can contribute to processes of reconfiguration, the study underscores the importance of investigating transformative experiences in contexts of professional learning.

Province

To Moscow! To Moscow! To Moscow!A. P. Chekhov, “Three Sisters”If you were destined to be born in the Empire,It’s best to find some province, by the ocean…I. Brodsky, “Letters to a Roman Friend”The relation between a province and a metropolis, like many other processes, is subject to periodic oscillations. Systole comes after diastole; creative energy tends to move towards the common center one day, and spreads among a number of local centers and objects another day. The trend seems to be changing right now. Some of today’s tendencies convey the suggestion that the centripetal motion is giving way to the centrifugal one. The metropolises’ attractiveness, which was so evident just a short time ago, is melting. It is starting to seem that life in small towns is healthier and safer and can satisfy a lot of cultural needs.Probably, one of the reasons is degradation of cultural policies of global and national centers. Metropolises “come down” with haughtiness and self-complacence and start to treat the provinces as cultural colonies (p. 18). In return, provinces ignore the models proposed by metropolises and pay more attention to their own identity (p. 27). Once again, the experience of national provincial architecture of the first half of the 20th century (pp. 32, 37) is reconsidered and reassessed. Protection of monuments of the local culture and history (p. 89), concern for industrial heritage, unique landscapes (p. 96) and unique appearances of small towns are gaining ground. We are living again in a time of change. How will the drastically changing world affect our attitude to provincial towns, their appearances and lifestyles, as well as the settlement system in general?

Развитие территориальной системы высшего и среднего профессионального образования Иркутской области

The article reveals the features of the spatial development of the system of higher and secondary vocational education in the Irkutsk region. Two key stages are analyzed: the Soviet one, which formed the main frame of the territorial structure of vocational education, and the modern one, which saw periods of both the rapid growth of the number of higher educational institutions and the optimization of the higher education network. The results of the study show that the spatial development of the systems of higher and secondary vocational education in recent years in the Irkutsk region is multi-directional: centripetal movement in the top-level subsystem, due to the reduction in the network of branches in municipal centers, and the gradual dispersal of the network of secondary education institutions at the expense of agricultural and industrial regions of the region. A comparative analysis of the trends in the development of vocational education in the Irkutsk region with the national and situation in other regions allows us to note that in the higher education system they are almost identical, since they occur as a result of structural and institutional transformations at the state level. For the Irkutsk region, as well as other regions of Russia with a predominantly industrial type of economy, growth trends are characteristic, caused by the needs of the market.

A rapid optimisation method of TSPs based on water centripetal motion

Travelling salesman problem (TSP) solutions are commonly used in many areas. We provide an innovative and optimal solution method of TSPs based on water flow centripetal motion, and is different from other algorithms. In the case of 34 cities in China, the centre hole is computed with a pentagon which formed by the outermost five cities. Place a string to enclose all rods in a circle after water fills the tank, and start to pump water at a steady rate. And a uniform and equal centripetal force is generated and the string will shrink uniformly until connect each of rods as well as water runs out. The string is the best route that connects the 34 cities. The method's optimal result is 15,759.75 km, which is 32.55 km shorter than the current optimal solution. The method eliminates the complex procedure, takes less time, and is highly feasible and reliable.

A rapid optimisation method of TSPs based on water centripetal motion

A rapid optimisation method of TSPs based on water centripetal motion

Abnormal Aggregation of Invasive Cancer Cells Induced by Collective Polarization and ECM-Mediated Mechanical Coupling in Coculture Systems.

Studies on pattern formation in coculture cell systems can provide insights into many physiological and pathological processes. Here, we investigate how the extracellular matrix (ECM) may influence the patterning in coculture systems. The model coculture system we use is composed of highly motile invasive breast cancer cells, initially mixed with inert nonmetastatic cells on a 2D substrate and covered with a Matrigel layer introduced to mimic ECM. We observe that the invasive cells exhibit persistent centripetal motion and yield abnormal aggregation, rather than random spreading, due to a “collective pulling” effect resulting from ECM-mediated transmission of active contractile forces generated by the polarized migration of the invasive cells along the vertical direction. The mechanism we report may open a new window for the understanding of biological processes that involve multiple types of cells.

Teleological Trajectory of Subjection: A Critique of Marlovian Heroes

One might view Christopher Marlowe’s heroes such as Tamburlaine, Barabas, Edward II and Doctor Faustus in terms of individuals who capably transgress the boundaries within which they are located. War for Tamburlaine; gold for Barabas; philia, which is defined as love or friendship between an older and a young man, for Edward II; and the knowledge of good and evil for Doctor Faustus are those mediums by which they apparently subjectivise themselves. This study analyses their subjectivities by posing a fundamental question: do they form their individuality on their own or is it a matter of a paradigm of divine providence? The paradigm of divine providence might be equivalent to a structure of power. This study has recourse to what might be termed the Foucauldian teleology, which is based on some of Michel Foucault’s fundamental ideas. In other words, in order to present a critique of Marlovian heroes, this study has recourse to the Foucauldian teleology which involves various mechanisms of control to subjectivise ordinary people in accordance with the state or the structures of power. Thus, the Marlovian heroes are kept in a centripetal motion, which might be viewed in terms of a trajectory of subjection that brings them out from the periphery and carries them to the centre for subjectivisation, within and by the structures of power. This study utilises the textual evidence from prologues and epilogues of some of Christopher Marlowe’s plays that may indicate such a process of subjectivisation.

Novel and Anti-Novel. Moretti Before Distant Reading

The paper discusses an intermediary phase in Franco Moretti’s intellectual journey, namely the years 1990s. This is a period of transition in Moretti’s thinking, in which he is working simultaneously on two fronts: on the one hand, he is refining evermore and bringing to completion his specific brand of close reading analysis developed in the previous decade – namely the combination of evolutionary theory, formal-rhetorical analysis, and eclectic Marxism (with its highly unstable mix of Lukács, Wallerstein, and Della Volpe); on the other, he is forging for the first time the new tools and concepts of what will become, after 2000, his defining intellectual signature – the method of distant reading. The two undertakings correspond to two opposed literary objects: on the one hand, the novel – with its regularity of form, reproduction in large scale, centripetal movement, bourgeois imaginary, and national horizon; on the other, what we call the ‘anti-novel’, which is the modern epic in Moretti’s understanding – the few dozen ‘world-texts’, highly polymorphous and reproducible only in few and select occurrences, centrifugal in their movement, and transcending the national and bourgeois horizon, rooted as they are in the critical, semi-peripheral junctures of the capitalist world-system. The paper dwells on some of the oppositions and similarities, overlaps and contradictions, theoretical problems and practical solutions, raised or offered by the two methodological approaches and their corresponding literary objects.

Sensing Actin Dynamics through Adherens Junctions

We study punctate adherens junctions (pAJs) to determine how short-lived cadherin clusters and relatively stable actin bundles interact despite differences in dynamics. We show that pAJ-linked bundles consist of two distinct regions-the bundle stalk (AJ-BS) and a tip (AJ-BT) positioned between cadherin clusters and the stalk. The tip differs from the stalk in a number of ways: it is devoid of the actin-bundling protein calponin, and exhibits a much faster F-actin turnover rate. While F-actin in the stalk displays centripetal movement, the F-actin in the tip is immobile. The F-actin turnover in both the tip and stalk is dependent on cadherin cluster stability, which in turn is regulated by F-actin. The close bidirectional coupling between the stability of cadherin and associated F-actin shows how pAJs, and perhaps other AJs, allow cells to sense and coordinate the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in neighboring cells-a mechanism we term "dynasensing."

The Formin Inhibitor, SMIFH2, Inhibits Members of the Myosin Superfamily

The formin inhibitor, SMIFH2, is widely used in cell biological studies. It inhibits formin-driven actin polymerization in vitro with half maximal inhibition (IC50) values ranging from 5 to 15 µM for different formins. In search of formin function in F-actin retrograde flow, we examined the effect of SMIFH2 on the centripetal movement of actomyosin transverse arcs in detergent-permeabilized cells induced by ATP addition. In this system, neither polymerization nor depolymerization of actin can occur, because of the absence of G-actin and the presence of F-actin stabilizer, phalloidin.

РЕФЛЕКСИЯ СОБСТВЕННОГО ОТСУТСТВИЯ В МИРЕ ЛИРИЧЕСКИМИ СУБЪЕКТАМИ ПОЗДНИХ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЙ ЕГОРА ЛЕТОВА

t. The article is dedicated to the late works of Yegor Letov and explores the lyrical subject’s perception of the world in which he himself and people like him will no longer exist. The topic touches on the theme of death which is clearly manifesting itself in all works of the rock poet. It reveals that Letov’s lyrical subject fixes his absence in the world turning to images of nature that remain unchanged, to elements of people’s everyday life that persist without him and to the space of artistic work the contemporary to the poet. In parallel there is the self-reflection of Letov’s lyrical subject as a people’s rock poet who values living life and does not aim for pecuniary well-being. The lyrical subject of Letov when thinking about the life that will continue after the passing of his generation realizes that the world will turn upside down and become uncomfortable and unacceptable for him. The world of a deceased person will separate from the big world and begin a centripetal movement while the reverse of return will no longer be possible. An important motive is the distortion of memory about a real person, which will inevitably occur after an individual leaves the general world. Human himself will not be able to influence his posthumous fate. However shortly before his death Letov comes to a rather optimistic conclusion that he managed to transmit to living humans an undistorted healthy element of his world vision.

Appearing moderate or radical? Radical left party success and the two-dimensional political space

Challenger parties’ electoral successes have attracted increasing scholarly attention. Based on the example of West European radical left parties, this article investigates whether and how centripetal and centrifugal positional movements on different conflict dimensions influence the election results of these parties. Depending on parties’ issue-linkages, these strategies will have a different effect for the economic and the non-economic issue dimension. Due to radical left parties’ long-term commitment and a strong party-issue linkage on economic issues, more moderate positions will play to their electoral advantage. In contrast, far-left parties compete with social democratic and green-libertarian parties for party-issue linkages on the non-economic issue dimension. Here, they benefit from promoting centrifugal strategies. Based on time-series cross-section analyses for 25 West European far-left parties between 1990 and 2017, the empirical results show that the success of radical left parties’ positional strategies varies with the conflict dimension in question and that this effect is only partly moderated by the positions of competing mainstream left parties.